| 词条 | Battala Woodcut Prints |
| 释义 |
| image = A Battala woodcut print depicting Durga slaying Mahishasura, © Victoria and Albert Museum, London | location_of_production = Battala | number_in_existence = 100-200[1] }}Battala woodcut prints are the woodcut relief prints produced in the Battala region of Calcutta.[2][3][4] Although woodblock printing on fabrics has been in India for centuries, the paper adaptation of woodblock printing appeared relatively late, because of the late entry and early exit due to advent of lithography the Battala woodcut printing had a remarkably short run. The Battala woodcuts were printed on a very cheap newsprint like paper to keep the cost of these prints low. Because of the short run, cheap paper and humid conditions of the region very few of these prints have survived.[5] HistoryIn the early 19th Century, the Battala area became known for the prints, which typically had a religious or mystical theme.[6] They made their first appearance in the 1820s as book illustrations;[7] by the mid nineteenth century printmakers started printing the smaller prints, which often represented Kalighat paintings.[8][9] Demand for the prints began to decline with the introduction of color lithography printing.[10] References1. ^https://artinprint.org/article/a-rare-kali-woodcut-from-the-era-of-the-battala-printers/ 2. ^{{cite book|author=Christopher Pinney|title='Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hhXq7hpzSwC&pg=PA27|year=2004|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-184-6|pages=27–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Jehangir Art Gallery|title=Indian Print Making Today, 1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CAkAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Jehangir Art Gallery}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=East and West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tPlAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente}} 5. ^https://artinprint.org/article/a-rare-kali-woodcut-from-the-era-of-the-battala-printers/ 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Swapan Chakravorty|author2=Abhijit Gupta|title=Print Areas: Book History in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKQPnCIZMnIC&pg=PA171|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-082-4|pages=171–}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Rachel Fell McDermott|title=Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89raYcDgXiUC&pg=PA294%7Cyear%3D2011%7Cpublisher%3DColumbia+University+Press%7Cisbn%3D978-0-231-12918-3%7Cpages%3D294%E2%80%93%7D%7D%3C%2Fref%3E|year=2011|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12918-3|pages=294–}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Tanika Sarkar|title=Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation, Community, Religion, and Cultural Nationalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3zRZAKw8-IC&pg=PA65|year=2001|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-34046-7|pages=65–}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Barbara Rossi|title=From the Ocean of Painting: India's Popular Paintings, 1589 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTTaAAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-511193-4}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Krishna Chaitanya|title=A History of Indian Painting: The modern period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McSbSMhArFgC&pg=PA118|year=1976|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-310-6|pages=118–}} 2 : Woodcuts|Relief printing |
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