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词条 Battle of Kirkuk (2017)
释义

  1. Background

  2. The battle

  3. Aftermath

     Violence and displacement 

  4. Reactions

  5. References

{{about|a battle between Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan in 2017|other uses|Battle of Kirkuk (disambiguation){{!}}Battle of Kirkuk}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Kirkuk (2017)
| partof = the 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
| image = Kirkuk offensive.svg
| image_size = 350px
| caption = Map of the offensive
| date = 15–20 October 2017
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=15|year1=2017|month2=10|day2=20|year2=2017}})
| place = Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
| territory = The Iraqi Government takes control of the entire Kirkuk Governorate, including the city of Kirkuk, Kirkuk Air Base, and Kirkuk Airport by 20 October[1][2][3]
| result = Major Iraqi victory[3][5]
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Iraqi Kurdistan|size=22px}}
{{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg}} Kurdistan Workers' Party[4][5] (disputed)[6]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iraq}} Haider al-Abadi
({{small|Commander-in-chief}})
{{flagicon|Iraq}} Maj. Gen. Fadhil al-Barwari
({{small|ISOF commander}})
{{flagicon image| Flag of PUK.png}} Bafel Talabani

| commander2 = {{flagicon|Iraqi Kurdistan}} Masoud Barzani
| units1 = {{flagicon|Iraq|size=22px}} Iraqi Army
  • 9th Armoured Division[7]
  • ISOF
  • PMF
    • Turkmen Brigades
{{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq Turkmen Front.svg|size=20px}} Iraqi Turkmen Front[8]
| units2 = {{flagicon|Iraqi Kurdistan|size=22px}} Peshmerga
{{flagicon image|HPG Flag.svg|border=}} People's Defence Forces[4]
| strength1 = 2,000 soldiers

200–300 armoured vehicles[12]


| strength2 = 9,000 Peshmerga forces[7]
| casualties1 = 12 killed
7 vehicles destroyed
({{small|Kurdish claim}})[9]
| casualties2 = 25 killed
45 wounded
({{small|hospital claim}})[10]
105 killed
200 wounded
45 captured
({{small|PUK claim}})[11]
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Kurdish–Iraqi conflict}} {{Campaignbox Iraq War (2014–present)}}
}}

The Battle of Kirkuk (2017), also referred to as the Kirkuk Crisis,[12][13] was a military deployment by the Iraqi Security Forces to reclaim Kirkuk Governorate from Peshmerga forces, which sparked clashes between the two forces.[14] The advance began on 15{{nbs}}October 2017.[2] The international coalition described the events as "coordinated movements, not attacks",[15] with most of the Peshmerga withdrawing without fighting.[16]

Background

The battle followed the 2017 Iraqi Kurdistan independence referendum when voters overwhelmingly supported (93%) "the Kurdistan Region and the Kurdistani areas outside the administration of the Region" to become an independent state. The Kurdish Regional Government considered the referendum binding, while the Iraqi Government regarded it as illegal. The oil-rich and multi-ethnic city of Kirkuk was the subject of long-running dispute and is not recognised by the Iraqi Government as part of the autonomous Kurdistan Region. Before the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) invaded Kirkuk was under Iraqi control. Kirkuk was taken from ISIL by Kurdish forces. The Kurdish Peshmerga ignored a deadline given by Iraq to withdraw from the area by 15{{nbs}}October 2017[17] and the operation to take the territory back under the control of the central Iraqi Government was initiated. Within 15 hours, the city of Kirkuk, surrounding oil fields and several facilities including the military airport were retaken by Iraqi forces.[1]

The battle

The Kurdish Peshmerga ignored a deadline given by the Iraqi Government to withdraw from disputed areas by 15{{nbs}}October 2017. This led to the Iraqi forces and the Popular Mobilisation Force (PMF) retaking Kirkuk and its province on the same day. Within 15 hours, the city of Kirkuk and the nearby K-1 Air Base, along with surrounding oilfields, were retaken by Iraqi forces.[18] The international coalition described the events as "...coordinated movements, not attacks...", with most Peshmerga withdrawing without fighting.[15] This was likely due to the fact that Hero and Bafel Talabani, leaders of the PUK Peshmerga, struck a deal with the Iraqis to withdraw without notifying the KDP Peshmerga. This, in turn, led to the collapse of Kurdish defences, and to large-scale accusations of betrayal on the part of the Talabani family by the KDP, since the day before the Battle of Kirkuk, both parties had met in Dukan and agreed to fight.[19] On the same day, Iraqi forces advanced on and captured the city of Tuz Khurmatu in Saladin Governorate, {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Kirkuk,[20] as well as Kifri in the Diyala Governorate.[21]

On 16{{nbs}}October Iraqi forces continued to advance, seizing the Baba GurGur oil field. In Tuz Khurmatu, two people were killed in exchanges of artillery fire.[22] Later in the day, the Iraqi Army announced that they had taken full control of the city as U.S.-trained counter-terrorism forces captured the provincial government headquarters. Afterward, celebrations could be heard from ethnic Turkmen in Kirkuk.[2][23] PUK Peshmerga units came to an agreement with the Iraqi Government forces to withdraw from their positions in Kirkuk, but KDP affiliated Peshmerga units continued to resist the Iraqi advance, entrenching themselves in positions near the city of Dibis.[24] However, later on 16{{nbs}}October Kurdish units near Dibis received orders to withdraw and abandoned the city ahead of the Iraqi advance.[25] The Iraqi Government claimed on 16{{nbs}}October that it had taken full control of the city of Kirkuk.[2] Kurdish reports indicated that their lines to the south of the city of Kirkuk crumbled as soon as they were engaged by Iraqi M1A1 Abrams tanks.[26]

On 17{{nbs}}October Iraqi forces continued to advance, taking the Bai Hassan and Avana oil fields near Kirkuk.[27] By the end of 17{{nbs}}October the Iraqi government claimed to have retaken all of the oil facilities it had held prior to the ISIL advance on the area in 2014.[25] On 18{{nbs}}October the Iraqi Government declared that they had completed its objectives in the offensive.[28] On 20{{nbs}}October, the Iraqi forces, composed of Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service units, Federal Police and PMF, announced that after a three-hour battle they had secured the last Kurdish-controlled town of Altun Kupri in Kirkuk Governorate, which was previously under Kurdish control.[29] This effectively allowed the Iraqi Government to secure control of the remainder of Kirkuk Governorate.[30]

Aftermath

Violence and displacement

On 16{{nbs}}October, The Guardian posted video footage showing streams of ethnic Kurdish refugees fleeing Kirkuk in cars.[31] Many of the displaced returned after Iraqi President Haider el-Abadi promised on television that their lives and property would be preserved.[32]

On 19{{nbs}}October, Nawzad Hadi, Governor of Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Regional Government, told reporters that around 18,000 families from Kirkuk and the town of Tuz Khurmatu had taken refuge in Erbil and Sulaimaniyah, inside KRG territory.[44] A Hadi aide told Reuters news agency the total number of displaced people was about 100,000.[33] The figure could not be independently verified and Reuters reported that many Kurdish neighbourhoods in Kirkuk city appeared to not have experienced many evacuations.[34] Hemin Hawrami, a senior assistant to KRG President Masoud Barzani, said in a post on Twitter that 57,000 families from Kirkuk were in need of "immediate assistance" after arriving in Erbil, Sulaimaniyah and Duhok provinces. He said that people had fled "violence, looting and crimes" inflicted by the PMF, paramilitary units largely made up of Iranian trained Shia militias.[35] A refugee told Al Jazeera they had fled because "At night, they come out and beat the youth. They have burned houses."[35] The United Nations released a statement that it was "concerned about reports regarding the destruction and looting of houses, businesses and political offices, and forced displacement of civilians, predominantly Kurds, from disputed areas",[36] and urged that the perpetrators be brought to justice.[37][38] A total of 85,000 civilians have returned to their homes in Kirkuk a source inside the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration announced on 23{{nbs}}October 2017.[39]

On 19{{nbs}}October it was reported that UN relief offices received reports that 150 houses in the town of Tuz Khurmatu were burnt down and 11 houses were blown up, while the offices of local Turkmen political parties which had supported Kurdish independence were subjected to assaults.[35][37][38] Prime Minister al-Abadi described the incidents as having been caused by "extremist elements from both sides".[40] Al-Abadi accused social media instigators of posting fake videos of the alleged violations. Niqash confirmed the increase of fake news and hundreds of fake videos and pictures. Leaders on both sides say it is leading to a dangerous escalation of tensions in northern Iraq.[41] The Iranian-backed Shi'ite Hashd al-Shaabi militia is reported to have detonated and burnt homes owned by ethnic Kurds, and, while wearing the uniforms of the Iraqi federal police, used security as a pretext to raid the homes of Kurds and commit acts of violence.[42]

On 25{{nbs}}October, Reuters reported that humanitarian organisations estimated that the number of Kurds displaced from the city of Tuz Khurmato was 30,000 out of a total population of around 100,000;[59] Amnesty International noted that "satellite images, videos, photos and dozens of testimonies indicate that hundreds of properties were looted, set on fire and destroyed in what appeared to be a targeted attack on predominantly Kurdish areas of the city of about 100,000 people."[43] According to an Oxfam manager, Kurdish refugees from Tuz Khurmatu were staying in the open and in public places such as mosques and schools, and were in dire need of emergency aid and psychological support due to the traumatic incidents they had witnessed.[43] Amnesty International said that at least 11 people had been killed, citing the testimony of those who had escaped from the city, and said they had been attacked by Turkmen Shiite militiamen.[43]

Reactions

  • {{Flag|Turkey}}: In a statement on 16{{nbs}}October 2017 the ministry said that Turkey closely monitors Iraq's steps to "restore its constitutional sovereignty over Kirkuk, a homeland for Turkmens for centuries, after the illegitimate referendum conducted by the KRG".[44]
  • {{Flag|Iraq}}: In a statement the Iraqi Government accused Kurdish authorities of bringing fighters from Turkey's outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) to the disputed province of Kirkuk, in a move it called a "declaration of war".[45]
  • Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR): In a statement on 16{{nbs}}October 2017 the international coalition announced that coalition forces and advisors are not supporting either the Government of Iraq or the Kurdistan Regional Government activities near Kirkuk and strongly urged all sides to avoid escalatory actions.[46]
  • Rival Kurdish factions accused each other of betraying Kirkuk to Iraqi forces.[16]
  • KRG Vice-President Kosrat Rasul called the Iraqi forces in Kirkuk and other areas an "occupation"; for this, Iraq's Supreme Court Justice Council ordered his arrest.[35]

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|title=Iraq forces in full control of Kirkuk province|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-forces-full-control-kirkuk-province-171021044707969.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022064609/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-forces-full-control-kirkuk-province-171021044707969.html|archive-date=22 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/baghdad-iraqi-forces-full-control-kirkuk-171016133409720.html|title=Baghdad: Iraqi forces in full control of Kirkuk|website=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016135524/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/baghdad-iraqi-forces-full-control-kirkuk-171016133409720.html|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-clash/iraqi-forces-complete-kirkuk-province-takeover-after-clashes-with-kurds-idUSKBN1CP0PT|title=Iraqi forces complete Kirkuk province takeover after clashes with Kurds|date=20 October 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021233246/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-clash/iraqi-forces-complete-kirkuk-province-takeover-after-clashes-with-kurds-idUSKBN1CP0PT|archive-date=21 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://en.hawarnews.com/guerrilla-forces-popular-crowd-engage-in-clashes-in-central-kirkuk/ |title=Guerrilla forces, Popular Crowd engage in clashes in central Kirkuk |author= |work=Hawar News Agency |date=16 October 2017 |accessdate=17 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017145515/http://en.hawarnews.com/guerrilla-forces-popular-crowd-engage-in-clashes-in-central-kirkuk/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/hpg-statement-on-kirkuk-22736|title=HPG statement on Kirkuk|author=|work=ANF News|date=16 October 2017|accessdate=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043908/https://anfenglish.com/kurdistan/hpg-statement-on-kirkuk-22736|archive-date=17 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020175 |title=Kurdistan Peshmerga:Reports of PKK in Kirkuk untrue |date=16 October 2017 |accessdate=16 October 2017 |work=Rudaw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017004002/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020175 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
7. ^1 {{cite news|title=Iraqi forces, Shiite militia engage in fighting with Peshmerga south of Kirkuk|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020177|accessdate=16 October 2017|work=Rudaw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017205446/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020177|archive-date=17 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Kerkük'te Türkmenler güvenliklerini kendileri sağlamaya başladı|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kerkukte-turkmenler-guvenliklerini-kendileri-saglamaya-basladi/939408|work=Anadolu Ajansı|access-date=17 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018012813/http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kerkukte-turkmenler-guvenliklerini-kendileri-saglamaya-basladi/939408|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rudaw.net/arabic/kurdistan/1610201710|title=استمرار المواجهات العسكرية في كركوك|author=|date=|website=Rudaw.net|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042528/http://www.rudaw.net/arabic/kurdistan/1610201710|archive-date=17 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://azdailysun.com/news/world/the-latest-medics-say-kurds-killed-in-kirkuk-fighting/article_09d57ae0-60aa-509a-a856-66206592ee7a.html|title=The Latest: Iraqi PM calls for dialogue after Kirkuk|author=|date=|website=AzDailySun.com|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018012914/http://azdailysun.com/news/world/the-latest-medics-say-kurds-killed-in-kirkuk-fighting/article_09d57ae0-60aa-509a-a856-66206592ee7a.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
11. ^{{Cite web |url=https://anfenglish.com/features/peshmerga-commander-reveals-details-about-kirkuk-attack-22827 |title=Peshmerga commander reveals details about Kirkuk attack |access-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011511/https://anfenglish.com/features/peshmerga-commander-reveals-details-about-kirkuk-attack-22827 |archive-date=23 October 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite web|title=US urges calm as Kirkuk crisis escalates|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41646806|date=17 October 2017|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705195519/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41646806|archive-date=5 July 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/iraq-said-security-in-kirkuk-is-restored-but-conflict-not-over/4075477.html|title=State Department: Kirkuk Crisis 'Not Over by Any means'|publisher=Voice of America|date=18 October 2017|access-date=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004344/https://www.voanews.com/a/iraq-said-security-in-kirkuk-is-restored-but-conflict-not-over/4075477.html|archive-date=21 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Iraqi forces launch 'major' Kirkuk operation|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraqi-forces-launch-major-kirkuk-operation-171015220651177.html|accessdate=16 October 2017|work=Al-Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016000225/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraqi-forces-launch-major-kirkuk-operation-171015220651177.html|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Coalition Statement on Military Movements Near Kirkuk|url=http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/News-Releases/Article/1343292/coalition-statement-on-military-movements-near-kirkuk/|work=Operation Inherent Resolve|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016215523/http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/News-Releases/Article/1343292/coalition-statement-on-military-movements-near-kirkuk/|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|author=|title=A new war in Iraq, now between Shia Arabs and Kurds|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730328-iraqi-leaders-act-retake-city-and-its-oilfields-kurds-new-war|work=The Economist|date=16 October 2017|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018064624/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730328-iraqi-leaders-act-retake-city-and-its-oilfields-kurds-new-war|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=الانسحاب من كركوك.. مهلة للبيشمركة تنتهي الليلة|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/iraq/2017/10/14/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9.html|access-date=24 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022514/http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/iraq/2017/10/14/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9.html|archive-date=25 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Baghdad: Iraqi forces in full control of Kirkuk|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/baghdad-iraqi-forces-full-control-kirkuk-171016133409720.html|accessdate=17 October 2017|work=www.aljazeera.com|date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016234001/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/baghdad-iraqi-forces-full-control-kirkuk-171016133409720.html|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Mutual accusations after the withdrawal|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/181020171|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221144439/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/181020171|archive-date=21 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Baghdad forces seize Tuz Khurmatu amid Kirkuk operation|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/baghdad-forces-seize-tuz-khurmatu-amid-kirkuk-operation/938885|accessdate=17 October 2017|work=Anadolu Agency|date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016195045/http://aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/baghdad-forces-seize-tuz-khurmatu-amid-kirkuk-operation/938885|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Peshmerga to withdraw from Dilaya governorate – Egypt Today|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/27939/Peshmerga-to-withdraw-from-Dilaya-governorate|accessdate=17 October 2017|work=Egypt Today|date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017093656/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/27939/Peshmerga-to-withdraw-from-Dilaya-governorate|archive-date=17 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/16/iraqi-kurdish-forces-battle-kirkuk-major-operation-launched/|title=Iraqi and Kurdish forces battle over Kirkuk as 'major operation' launched|first=Agence|last=France-Presse|date=16 October 2017|publisher=|accessdate=16 October 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016072301/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/16/iraqi-kurdish-forces-battle-kirkuk-major-operation-launched/|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-kirkuk/iraqi-forces-start-advancing-toward-kurdish-held-kirkuk-iraqi-and-kurdish-officials-idUSKBN1CK0XL|title=Iraqi forces seize Kirkuk from Kurds in bold advance|date=15 October 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016035905/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-kirkuk/iraqi-forces-start-advancing-toward-kurdish-held-kirkuk-iraqi-and-kurdish-officials-idUSKBN1CK0XL|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/16/world/middleeast/kirkuk-iraq-kurds.html|title=Iraqi Forces Sweep Into Kirkuk, Checking Kurdish Independence Drive|first=David|last=Zucchino|date=16 October 2017|publisher=|access-date=16 October 2017|via=www.nytimes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016120839/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/16/world/middleeast/kirkuk-iraq-kurds.html|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/world/middleeast/iraq-kurds-kirkuk.html|title=Iraqi Forces Retake All Oil Fields in Disputed Areas as Kurds Retreat|first=David|last=Zucchino|date=17 October 2017|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2017|via=www.NYTimes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018055552/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/world/middleeast/iraq-kurds-kirkuk.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
26. ^1 {{cite news|title=US Abrams tanks sway the battle in Kirkuk|url=https://www.armytimes.com/flashpoints/2017/10/19/us-abrams-tanks-sway-the-battle-in-kirkuk/|work=Army Times|date=19 October 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iraqi-forces-take-back-sinjar-in-latest-effort-to-roll-back-kurdish-gains-of-the-past-years/2017/10/17/61032770-b30d-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html|title=Iraqi forces move deeper into Kurdish-held areas, redrawing political map|first1=Loveday|last1=Morris|first2=Tamer|last2=El-Ghobashy|first3=Aaso Ameen|last3=Shwan|date=17 October 2017|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2017|via=www.WashingtonPost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018092525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iraqi-forces-take-back-sinjar-in-latest-effort-to-roll-back-kurdish-gains-of-the-past-years/2017/10/17/61032770-b30d-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
28. ^{{cite news|title=Iraq's military declares mission accomplished in Kirkuk|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-military-declares-mission-accomplished-kirkuk-171018085053447.html|work=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018141150/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-military-declares-mission-accomplished-kirkuk-171018085053447.html|archive-date=18 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
29. ^{{Cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-clash/iraqi-and-kurdish-forces-clash-near-kirkuk-security-sources-idUSKBN1CP0PT |title= Iraqi forces complete takeover of Kirkuk province after clashing with Kurds |date= 20 October 2017 |work= Reuters |access-date= 2017-10-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171020120926/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-clash/iraqi-and-kurdish-forces-clash-near-kirkuk-security-sources-idUSKBN1CP0PT |archive-date= 20 October 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/clashes-iraqi-army-takes-last-kurd-held-area-kirkuk-province|title=Clashes as Iraqi army takes last Kurd-held area of Kirkuk province|publisher=The Jordan Times|date=21 October 2017|accessdate=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022012455/http://www.jordantimes.com/news/region/clashes-iraqi-army-takes-last-kurd-held-area-kirkuk-province|archive-date=22 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/16/iraq-kurdish-forces-army-us-military|title=US military rushes to defuse looming crisis in Kirkuk after Iraqi army advances|agency=The Guardian|date=16 October 2017|accessdate=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027022427/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/16/iraq-kurdish-forces-army-us-military|archive-date=27 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=عودة النازحين إلى كركوك|url=http://arabic.euronews.com/2017/10/18/displaced-families-return-to-kirkuk-after-withdrawal-of-peshmerga|work=Euronews|date=18 October 2017|language=ar|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023181243/http://arabic.euronews.com/2017/10/18/displaced-families-return-to-kirkuk-after-withdrawal-of-peshmerga|archive-date=23 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
33. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-refugees/about-100000-kurds-have-fled-kirkuk-since-monday-kurdish-officials-idUSKBN1CO13D |title= About 100,000 Kurds have fled Kirkuk since Monday: Kurdish officials |agency= Reuters |date= 19 October 2017 |access-date= 20 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019192830/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-refugees/about-100000-kurds-have-fled-kirkuk-since-monday-kurdish-officials-idUSKBN1CO13D |archive-date= 19 October 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Chmaytelli|first1=Maher|title=Kurdish officials say thousands flee Kirkuk since Iraqi army takeover|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds/kurdish-officials-say-thousands-flee-kirkuk-since-iraqi-army-takeover-idINKBN1CO28M|work=IN|language=en-IN|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026002115/https://in.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds/kurdish-officials-say-thousands-flee-kirkuk-since-iraqi-army-takeover-idINKBN1CO28M|archive-date=26 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
35. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/000-flee-kirkuk-iraqi-army-takeover-171019215041252.html |title= '100,000 flee Kirkuk' since Iraqi army takeover |agency= Al Jazeera |date= 20 October 2017 |access-date= 20 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171020052538/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/000-flee-kirkuk-iraqi-army-takeover-171019215041252.html |archive-date= 20 October 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
36. ^{{cite news|title=U.N. concerned over alleged assaults on Kurds in Kirkuk|url=https://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/u-n-concerned-alleged-deportations-assaults-kurds-kirkuk/|access-date=20 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020020006/https://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/u-n-concerned-alleged-deportations-assaults-kurds-kirkuk/|archive-date=20 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
37. ^1 {{cite news |title= UPDATE 1-UN concerned by reports of forced diplacement of Kurds in N. Iraq |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-violations/update-1-un-concerned-by-reports-of-forced-diplacement-of-kurds-in-niraq-idUSL8N1MU57Y |agency= Reuters |date= 19 October 2017 |quote= "Kirkuk residents said on Wednesday that offices belonging to Turkmen parties who supported the Kurdish referendum were attacked in Kirkuk." |access-date= 20 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135641/https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-violations/update-1-un-concerned-by-reports-of-forced-diplacement-of-kurds-in-niraq-idUSL8N1MU57Y |archive-date= 20 October 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
38. ^1 {{cite news|title=UN Expresses Concern about Reports of Violence in Tuz Khurmatu, in Kirkuk [EN/AR/KU]|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/un-expresses-concern-about-reports-violence-tuz-khurmatu-kirkuk-enarku|work=ReliefWeb|date=19 October 2017|language=en|access-date=20 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135857/https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/un-expresses-concern-about-reports-violence-tuz-khurmatu-kirkuk-enarku|archive-date=20 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=85,000 of displaced civilians return to their homes in Kirkuk|url=http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/18680/85-000-of-displaced-civilians-return-to-their-homes-in-Kirkuk|work=The Baghdad Post|date=23 October 2017|language=en|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015348/http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/18680/85-000-of-displaced-civilians-return-to-their-homes-in-Kirkuk|archive-date=7 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=UN relief offices|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PR%20Tuz%2019%20Oct%20EN.pdf|quote="The United Nations takes note of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi's acknowledgement of incidents caused by what he described as extremist elements from both sides and his decision to send the Iraqi army to restore order in Tuz Khurmatu"|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014343/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PR%20Tuz%2019%20Oct%20EN.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Qader|first1=Histyar|title=Dangerous Growth Of Fake News Increases Tensions In Northern Iraq|url=http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/security/5763/|work=Niqash|language=en|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010738/http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/security/5763/|archive-date=7 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/kurdistan/387172|title=[PICTURES]: Iranian-backed Shi’ite Militias Destroy Kurdish Properties in Tuz Khurmatu|agency=Bas|date=22 October 2017|accessdate=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027212848/http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/kurdistan/387172|archive-date=27 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
43. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-tuz/nearly-30000-kurds-displaced-from-city-near-kirkuk-aid-groups-idUSKBN1CU1QG|title=Nearly 30,000 Kurds displaced from city near Kirkuk: aid groups|agency=Reuters|author=Reuters Staff|date=25 October 2017|accessdate=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028180455/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-tuz/nearly-30000-kurds-displaced-from-city-near-kirkuk-aid-groups-idUSKBN1CU1QG|archive-date=28 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
44. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2017/10/16/turkey-supports-iraqs-moves-to-restore-peace-order-in-kirkuk-mfa-says |title= Turkey supports Iraq's moves to restore peace, order in Kirkuk, MFA says |work= Daily Sabah |date= 16 October 2017 |access-date= 16 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171016125923/https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2017/10/16/turkey-supports-iraqs-moves-to-restore-peace-order-in-kirkuk-mfa-says |archive-date= 16 October 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
45. ^{{cite news|title=Iraq accuses Kurds of 'declaration of war' in Kirkuk|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-accuses-kurds-declaration-war-kirkuk-171015162837238.html|work=aljazeera.com|access-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230822/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/iraq-accuses-kurds-declaration-war-kirkuk-171015162837238.html|archive-date=23 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/News-Releases/Article/1343292/coalition-statement-on-military-movements-near-kirkuk/|title=Coalition Statement on Military Movements Near Kirkuk|date=16 October 2017|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016215523/http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/News-Releases/Article/1343292/coalition-statement-on-military-movements-near-kirkuk/|archive-date=16 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kirkuk}}

9 : Conflicts in 2017|2017 in Iraqi Kurdistan|Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2017|Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War involving Iraqi Kurdistan|October 2017 events in Iraq|Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War involving the Iraqi government|Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War involving the Peshmerga|Kirkuk|History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party
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