| 词条 | Weipa, Queensland |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Weipa | state = qld | image = Weipa-cape-york-queensland-australia.jpg | caption = Weipa | image_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|12|37|S|141|52|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | pop = 3899 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1961[2] | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 4874 | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = 10.9 | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 2471 | dir1 = NW | location1 = Brisbane | dist2 = 816 | dir2 = NW | location2 = Cairns | lga = Weipa Town | region = | county = | stategov = Cook | fedgov = Leichhardt | url = | maxtemp = 32.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 21.9 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1963.9 | rainfall_footnotes = | near = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | established_footnotes = | footnotes = }} Weipa {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|iː|p|ə}}[3] is a mining town on the Gulf of Carpentaria coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia, and is the largest town on the Cape. At the {{CensusAU|2011}}, Weipa had a population of 3,334;[4] the largest community on Cape York Peninsula. It exists because of the enormous bauxite deposits along the coast. The Port of Weipa is mainly involved in exports of bauxite. Over the last decade or so{{When|date=January 2017}} there have been occasional shipments of live cattle from the port.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} Geography{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2017}}Weipa is just south of Duyfken Point, a location now agreed to be the first recorded point of European contact with the Australian continent. Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon, on his ship the Duyfken, sighted the coast here in 1606. This was 164 years before Lieutenant James Cook sailed up the east coast of Australia. HistoryIn 1895 Presbyterian missionary Reverend Nicholas John Hey established a mission at the junction of Embley River and Spring Creek which he called Weipa, which is believed to derive from the Anhathangayth word meaning fighting ground. In 1932 the mission relocated approximately {{Convert|28|km|}} to Jessica Point continuing under the same name.[5] Very restrictive legislation was enacted by the state of Queensland in 1911, making the Protector the legal guardian of every Aborigine and half-caste child (until he/she was 21), and the right to confine (or expel) any such person within any reserve or Aboriginal institution, and the right to imprison any Aborigine or half-caste for 14 days if, in the Protector's judgement, they were guilty of neglect of duty, gross insubordination or wilful preaching of disobedience. It also gave powers to the police to confine Aborigines to reserves to "protect them from corruption". This latter power was given by Comalco{{Clarify|date=January 2017|reason=how could police power be given by a company?}} in 1957 to justify the removal of Weipa Aborigines.[6] In 1932 the community had to relocate to its present site, at Jessica Point now called Napranum because of malaria. It is about {{convert|12|km|mi}} south of the present town of Weipa. At this time most of the people were Awngthim but soon different tribes and clans were brought from Old Mapoon (when the people were forcibly removed and the settlement burnt down on 15 November 1963),[7] and other communities. In 1955 a geologist, Henry Evans (1912–1990), discovered that the red cliffs on the Aboriginal reserve, previously remarked on by the early Dutch explorers and Matthew Flinders, were actually enormous deposits of bauxite – the ore from which aluminium is made – and to a lesser extent tungsten. The "Comalco Act of 1957" revoked the reserve status, giving the company 5,760 square km (2,270 sq mi) of Aboriginal reserve land on the west coast of the Peninsula and 5,135 square km (1,933 sq mi) on the east coast of Aboriginal-owned (though not reserve) land.[8] Mining commenced in 1960. The mission became a government settlement in 1966 with continued attempts by Comalco to relocate the whole community elsewhere. The company then built a new town for its workers on the other side of the bay. ClimateWeipa has a tropical savanna climate, with hot temperatures above 30 °C throughout the year. Three distinct seasons exist. The wet season, which runs from January to April, is characterised by heavy downpours on an almost daily basis. Monsoon lows and tropical cyclones cause even more extreme rainfall, up to 200 mm (8 in) in 24 hours. The dry season, running from May to September, features hot and dry days; however, night-time lows are cooler and rainfall is almost non-existent. The build-up season, running from October to December, is oppressively hot and humid, with frequent days over 35 °C. Dewpoints in the wet season average 24 °C; in the dry season they average 18 °C.[9] Rainfall during the build-up is infrequent, but when it does occur, it usually falls in brief, heavy downpours associated with severe thunderstorms. These seasons are not always set, however; sometimes the wet season can start as early as November or the dry season can extend as late as December, and monsoonal downpours have occurred as late as May. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 10.2 °C (49.3 °F) to 38.4 °C (101.1 °F). The highest daily rainfall recorded was 327.8 mm (12.9 in) during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Oswald in January 2013.[10] {{Weather box|location = Weipa, Queensland (Weipa Aero 1992-2016)|single line = yes |metric first = yes |Jan record high C = 37.5 |Feb record high C = 35.7 |Mar record high C = 34.7 |Apr record high C = 35.3 |May record high C = 35.5 |Jun record high C = 34.5 |Jul record high C = 34.6 |Aug record high C = 35.9 |Sep record high C = 38.1 |Oct record high C = 39.0 |Nov record high C = 39.2 |Dec record high C = 38.8 |year record high C = 39.2 |Jan high C = 32.0 |Feb high C = 31.5 |Mar high C = 31.8 |Apr high C = 32.3 |May high C = 31.9 |Jun high C = 31.1 |Jul high C = 31.0 |Aug high C = 32.1 |Sep high C = 34.4 |Oct high C = 35.7 |Nov high C = 35.7 |Dec high C = 34.0 |year high C = 32.8 |Jan record low C = 20.8 |Feb record low C = 20.4 |Mar record low C = 19.1 |Apr record low C = 18.2 |May record low C = 12.7 |Jun record low C = 10.2 |Jul record low C = 11.8 |Aug record low C = 12.9 |Sep record low C = 14.7 |Oct record low C = 15.7 |Nov record low C = 19.0 |Dec record low C = 20.7 |year record low C = 10.2 |Jan low C = 24.2 |Feb low C = 24.2 |Mar low C = 23.9 |Apr low C = 22.8 |May low C = 21.4 |Jun low C = 20.0 |Jul low C = 19.0 |Aug low C = 18.7 |Sep low C = 19.8 |Oct low C = 21.8 |Nov low C = 23.5 |Dec low C = 24.2 |year low C = 22.0 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 481.1 |Feb rain mm = 508.6 |Mar rain mm = 409.9 |Apr rain mm = 93.2 |May rain mm = 19.8 |Jun rain mm = 3.5 |Jul rain mm = 1.5 |Aug rain mm = 5.0 |Sep rain mm = 1.6 |Oct rain mm = 20.2 |Nov rain mm = 101.3 |Dec rain mm = 272.8 |year rain mm = 1918.1 |Jan rain days = 22.9 |Feb rain days = 24.3 |Mar rain days = 22.4 |Apr rain days = 12.2 |May rain days = 4.6 |Jun rain days = 2.3 |Jul rain days = 1.5 |Aug rain days = 1.4 |Sep rain days = 1.0 |Oct rain days = 2.9 |Nov rain days = 8.5 |Dec rain days = 1.8 |year precipitation days = 121.8 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |source = The Bureau of Meteorology [11] }} Bauxite miningThe present town was constructed mainly by Comalco (now called Rio Tinto), a large aluminium company, which began making trial shipments of bauxite to Japan in 1962. A railway was constructed to transport the ore from the mine at Andoom to the dump of the export facility at Lorim Point.[12] The bauxite mine is the world's largest with planned expansions increasing the margin over other mines in 2010.[2] EducationThere are two schools in Weipa. The Western Cape College is a government co-educational school; it provides early childhood (kindergarten), primary and secondary schooling. It is on the corner of Central and Eastern Avenues in Rocky Point ({{Coord|-12.6269|141.8805|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=Western Cape College}}).[13] In 2015, the school had an enrolment of 1,073 students with 93 teachers (90 full-time equivalent).[14] St Joseph's Parish School is a Roman Catholic co-educational primary school at 2 Boundary Road, Rocky Point ({{Coord|-12.6293|141.8802|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=St Joseph's Parish School, Weipa}}). Opened in 2016, the school only offered enrolment in years P-3 but expects in 2018 to be able to offer enrolment across all primary levels (P-6).[15][16] FacilitiesWeipa has a visitor's centre, swimming pool, bowling green, golf club, tennis and squash courts. There are netball and basketball courts as well as football fields. Weipa Town Authority operates a public library at Hibberd Drive in Weipa.[17] At Nanum the shopping precinct has a Woolworths supermarket, bakery, coffee shop, travel agent, clothing shop, post office, newsagency / sports shop and butchers. There is also a chemist, camping and fishing store and within walking distance is a gift shop, furniture and whitegoods store, credit union and government social security office. At Evans Landing there are a hardware store and a number of mechanical workshops.[18] See also{{Portal|Queensland}}
References1. ^{{Census 2016 AUS|id=UCL315098 |name=Weipa (Urban Centre) |accessdate=23 January 2018 |quick=on}} 2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Explore Queensland |last=Penguin Books Australia |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2002 |publisher=Penguin Books Australia |location=Camberwell, Victoria |isbn=0-14-300015-2 |page=60}} 3. ^Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. {{ISBN|1-876429-14-3}} 4. ^{{Census 2011 AUS|id=UCL315100|name=Weipa (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate=2016-08-17|quick=on}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.weipatownauthority.com.au/western-cape-history|title=Western Cape History|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Weipa Town Authority|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=8 August 2018}} 6. ^Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, p. 34. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. {{ISBN|0-85924-171-8}}. 7. ^Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, pp. 115–116. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. {{ISBN|0-85924-171-8}}. 8. ^Massacres to Mining: The Colonisation of Aboriginal Australia, p. 97. Jan Roberts. 1981. Dove Communications. {{ISBN|0-85924-171-8}}. 9. ^{{cite web|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=24 February 2011|year=2011|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/kathy.shtml|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319193107/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/kathy.shtml|archivedate=19 March 2011|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_027045_All|site_name=Weipa Aero|accessdate=11 April 2013|date=April 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|url = http://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_027045_All.shtml|title = Climate Statistics for Weipa, Queensland|accessdate = 7 November 2018}} 12. ^The Heavy-duty Industrial Railway at Weipa Buckland, John L. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, June, 1975 pp143-148 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://westerncapecollege.eq.edu.au/Pages/default.aspx|title=Western Cape College|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Western Cape College|access-date=22 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014111/https://westerncapecollege.eq.edu.au/Pages/default.aspx|archivedate=2 February 2017|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://westerncapecollege.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Annual%20reports/WesternCapeCollegeSAR2015.pdf|title=2015 School Annual Report|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Western Cape College|access-date=22 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202004051/https://westerncapecollege.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Annual%20reports/WesternCapeCollegeSAR2015.pdf|archivedate=2 February 2017|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.stjosephsweipa.qld.edu.au/about-us/join-us/|title=Join Us|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=St Joseph's Parish School|access-date=22 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013709/http://www.stjosephsweipa.qld.edu.au/about-us/join-us/|archivedate=2 February 2017|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cns.catholic.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/St-Josephs-Newsletter-1-May-2015.pdf|title=School newsletter|last=|first=|date=April 2015|website=Catholic Education|publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns|access-date=22 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307154309/http://www.cns.catholic.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/St-Josephs-Newsletter-1-May-2015.pdf|archivedate=7 March 2016|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/weipa/hibberd_library|title=Hibberd Library|last=|first=|date=|website=Public Libraries Connect|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005707/http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/weipa/hibberd_library|archive-date=3 February 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=2 February 2018|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://queenslandplaces.com.au/weipa |title= Weipa |publisher= Centre for the Government of Queensland |accessdate= 17 January 2011 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110307191649/http://www.queenslandplaces.com.au/weipa |archivedate= 7 March 2011 |df= dmy-all }} Further reading{{more footnotes|date=August 2008}}
External links{{Commons category|Weipa, Queensland}}
7 : Populated places in Far North Queensland|Coastal towns in Queensland|Ports and harbours of Queensland|Mining towns in Queensland|Populated places established in 1898|Gulf of Carpentaria|1898 establishments in Australia |
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