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词条 Bechan Cave
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

  3. External links

{{short description|Rock shelter in the United States}}{{Infobox cave
| name = Bechan Cave
| other_name =
| photo =
| photo_width =
| photo_caption =
| map = USA Utah
| map_width =
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| map_alt =
| location = Kane County, Utah, United States
| coords = {{coord|37|22|33.16|N|110|52|33.96|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| land_registry_number =
| depth =
| length =
| elevation = {{convert|1280|m|ft}}
| discovery =
| geology = Sandstone
| entrance_count = 1
| difficulty =
| hazards =
| access =
| features =
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}}Bechan Cave is a single-room sandstone rock shelter located at an elevation of {{convert|1280|m|ft}} along Bowns Canyon Creek, a tributary of the Glen Canyon segment of the Colorado River, in Kane County in southeastern Utah in the United States.[1][2] The cave is roughly {{convert|31|m|ft|sigfig=2}} wide, {{convert|9|m|ft}} high and {{convert|52|m|ft|sigfig=2}} deep.[3][4] It has a single entrance that faces southwest[1] and is well-lit during the daytime.[3]

The cave holds alluvial deposits containing the remains of Pleistocene megafauna,[2] including mammoths,[4] ground sloths, and even-toed ungulates. Archaeological excavation of the site in 1983 and 1984 by paleontologists Larry Agenboard and Jim Mead[10] unearthed animal bones, dung, hair, and teeth dating from 11,555 BCE to 9720 BCE, underneath "a few feet"[11] of cave fill, consisting of ceiling spall and wind-blown sand,[3] containing evidence of Holocene habitation from the Archaic period to the Basketmaker culture and possibly even by Navajo or Paiute.[1] Among the items unearthed were large dung boluses, similar in size to the dung of the African elephant, containing the stems of graminoids and sedge (Carex).[15] The cave is also one of at least seventeen sites on the Colorado Plateau where Archaic-era Southwestern sandals have been discovered.[16]

The cave's name derives from a Navajo word meaning "big dung"[11] or "big feces".[4][19] The well-preserved dung layer was deposited over approximately 1,000 years by multiple animal species during a period characterized by the proliferation of oak and the decline of blue spruce and water birch. The organic deposit consists primarily of Columbian mammoth (M. columbi) dung but also includes dung belonging to shrub-oxen (E. collinum), Shasta ground sloths (N. shastensis), Harrington's mountain goats (O. harringtoni), bighorn sheep (O. canadensis), cottontail rabbits, pack rats, and possibly equines.[3] With a thickness ranging between {{convert|4|and(-)|16|in|cm}},[11] an area of more than {{convert|300|m2|ft2|sigfig=1}},[19] and a volume of {{convert|225|m3|ft3|sigfig=1}},[25] it is the largest coprolite deposit in North America.[4] Other macrofossils discovered in Bechan Cave include teeth and a bone, a "metapodial condyle", belonging to E. collinum.[27]

The cave is located inside Glen Canyon National Recreation Area[28] and, though it is rarely visited, is accessible on foot from Bowns Canyon.[29] The {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} round-trip hike between Bowns Canyon, which can be reached from Lake Powell by boat, and Bechan Cave is considered moderately difficult.[29]

See also

{{portal|Paleontology|Utah}}
  • Lagerstätte
  • List of caves in the United States

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Agenbroad |first1=Larry D. |author-link1= |last2=Mead |first2=Jim I. |author-link2= |last3=Mead |first3=Emilee M. |author-link3= |last4=Elder |first4=Diana |author-link4= |year=1989 |title=Archaeology, Alluvium, and Cave Stratigraphy: The Record from Bechan Cave, Utah |journal=Kiva |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=335–351 |doi=10.1080/00231940.1989.11758126 |jstor=30247207}}
2. ^1 {{cite conference |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEI8D1TdYKgC&lpg=PA110&ots=69ArX_iBDP&dq=%22bechan%20cave%22&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q=%22bechan%20cave%22&f=false |title=Quaternary geochronology and distribution of Mammuthus on the Colorado Plateau |first1=Larry D. |last1=Agenbroad |author-link1= |first2=Jim I. |last2=Mead |author-link2= |year=1995 |orig-year=First published 1989 in Geology |editor1=Boaz, D.|editor2=Bolander, S.|editor3=Dierking, P.|editor4=Dorland, M.|editor5=Tegowski, B.J. |book-title=Proceedings of the Third Annual Fossils of Arizona Symposium, November 18, 1995 |publisher=Mesa Southwest Museum |page=109 |isbn=978-0-935810-61-5}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Agenbroad |first1=Larry D. |author-link1= |last2=Nelson |first2=Lisa W. |author-link2= |year=2002 |title=Mammoths: Ice-Age Giants |url=https://books.google.com/?id=56lNfwUvDXkC&lpg=PA61&dq=%22bechan%20cave%22&pg=PA61#v=onepage&q=%22bechan%20cave%22&f=false |location=Minneapolis |publisher=Lerner Publications Company |page=61 |isbn=978-0-8225-2862-3}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.cdm.org/mammothdiscovery/dung.html |title=What Can We Learn from Fossil Dung? |website=Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6jnS0J7uI?url=https://www.cdm.org/mammothdiscovery/dung.html |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=August 16, 2016 |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.donsmaps.com/utahmammoths.html |title=Mammoth and Bison rock engravings in Utah |last=Hitchcock |first=Don |date=August 17, 2011 |website=Don's Maps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313204717/http://donsmaps.com/utahmammoths.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=August 21, 2016 |df= }}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine |last=Hoffecker |first=Lilian T. |author-link= |date=January 1999 |title=Droppings of Mammoth Proportions |url=http://www.highlightskids.com/Science/Stories/SS0199_droppingsofmammoth.asp |dead-url=yes |magazine=Highlights |pages=40–41 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729223520/http://www.highlightskids.com/Science/Stories/SS0199_droppingsofmammoth.asp |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=August 14, 2016 |df= }}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://intermountainhealthcare.org/live-well/move-well/healthy-hikes/moderate-hikes/bechan-cave/ |title=Bechan Cave |website=Intermountain Healthcare |access-date=August 15, 2016}}
8. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Kropf |first1=Manny |author-link1= |last2=Mead |first2=Jim I. |author-link2= |last3=Anderson |first3=R. Scott |author-link3= |date=January 2007 |title=Dung, diet, and the paleoenvironment of the extinct shrub-ox (Euceratherium collinum) on the Colorado Plateau, USA |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=143–151 |doi=10.1016/j.yqres.2006.10.002}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Mayor |first=Adrienne |author-link= |year=2007 |title=Place names describing fossils in oral traditions |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |volume=273 |pages=245–61 |doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.273.01.19|citeseerx=10.1.1.503.7503 }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last1=Mead |first1=Jim I. |author-link1= |last2=Agenbroad |first2=Larry D. |author-link2= |year=1992 |title=Isotope dating of Pleistocene dung deposits from the Colorado Plateau, Arizona and Utah |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/viewFile/1437/1441 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=1–19|doi=10.1017/S0033822200013370 }}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/nri/states/ut.html |title=Utah Segments |date=June 17, 2004 |publisher=National Park Service |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6jaz6SFgw?url=https://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/nri/states/ut.html |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |dead-url=no |access-date=August 7, 2016 |df= }}
12. ^1 {{cite conference |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/upload/fosssil_conf6_2001.pdf |title=Proceedings of the 6th Fossil Resource Conference |date=September 2001 |conference=Conference on Fossil Resources |conference-url=http://publicfossils.org/conference-on-fossil-resources/ |editor-last1=Santucci |editor-first1=Vincent L. |editor-last2=McClelland |editor-first2=Lindsay |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=August 15, 2016}}
13. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Teague |first1=Lynn Shuler |author-link1= |last2=Washburn |first2=Dorothy Koster |author-link2= |year=2013 |title=Sandals of the Basketmaker and Pueblo Peoples: Fabric Structure and Color Symmetry |url=https://books.google.com/?id=_JFrIeJWqWoC&lpg=PA4&dq=%22bechan%20cave%22&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q=%22bechan%20cave%22&f=false |location=Albuquerque |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |pages=3–4 |isbn=978-0-8263-5331-3}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
}}

External links

  • 42KA2546 (Bechan Cave) at the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database
  • Photographs of Bowns Canyon (including Bechan Cave) at Backcountry Post

4 : Caves of Utah|Glen Canyon National Recreation Area|Landforms of Kane County, Utah|Rock shelters in the United States
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