| 词条 | Welwyn Hatfield (UK Parliament constituency) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Welwyn Hatfield |parliament = uk |map1 = WelwynHatfield2007 |map2 = EnglandHertfordshire |map_entity = Hertfordshire |map_year = |year = 1974 |abolished = |type = County |elects_howmany = One |previous = Hertford and St Albans |next = |electorate = 71,766 (December 2010)[1] |mp = Grant Shapps |party = Conservative Party (UK) |region = England |county = Hertfordshire |european = East of England |towns = }} Welwyn Hatfield is a constituency{{#tag:ref|A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)|group= n}} represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Grant Shapps, a Conservative.{{#tag:ref|As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.|group= n}} HistoryThe seat was created for the February 1974 general election following the second periodic review of Westminster constituencies, initially as the County Constituency of Welwyn and Hatfield. It was formed from parts of the abolished constituency of Hertford. For the 1983 general election, the constituency was renamed in line with the recently created District of Welwyn Hatfield.
Despite its short history, the seat has seen two parties serve it, with two Labour periods of representation, during the longer part of the Labour Government 1974-1979 and during the first two terms of the Blair ministry. Other than this the seat has elected a Conservative as its MP. The 2015 majority more than tripled on the second election of Grant Shapps, in 2010, from a historically breakable (in the constituency) majority of 5,946 votes to the 26th largest Conservative share of the vote,[2] which on standard uniform swing seen in elections since 1931 represented a safe seat, but a 5% swing to Labour in 2017 means the seat is somewhat marginal again, needing a 7.1% swing to become Labour.
The first MP ended his term in the Commons as the member for Welwyn Hatfield before which he was Defence Minister from 1970 to 1972 then a Foreign Office Minister until February 1974 - later that year Lord Balniel was awarded a life peerage,{{#tag:ref|Balniel joined his father, the Earl of Crawford, who from 1963 no longer had to be regularly elected as a representative peer|group= n}} accelerating and safeguarding his right to sit in the Lords. The second MP later became the politically neutral Lord Speaker, Baroness Hayman. Melanie Johnson during five years of the Blair ministry was a frontbench minister: Economic Secretary to the Treasury, Minister for Competition and Consumers and the Minister for Public Health. Grant Shapps was appointed the Minister of State for Housing and Local Government for the first two years of the UK coalition government 2010 before being appointed to chair his party. Following the Conservative victory in 2015, he was appointed Minister of State at the Department for International Development.[3]Constituency profileThe area has a higher than average proportion of managers, professionals and retired people than much of Greater London.[4] The seat has a strong local economy, with extensive retail and industrial/commercial premises, particularly in Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield. Two of the four largest Hertfordshire economic towns, Stevenage and St Albans are also close by. Accordingly, workless claimants who were registered jobseekers were in November 2012 significantly lower than the national average of 3.8%, at 2.4% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.[5] Boundaries and boundary changes1974-1983: The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City, and the Rural Districts of Hatfield and Welwyn.[6]1983-1997: The District of Welwyn Hatfield wards of Brookmans Park and Little Heath, Haldens, Handside, Hatfield Central, Hatfield East, Hatfield North, Hatfield South, Hollybush, Howlands, Peartree, Sherrards, Welham Green and Redhall, Welwyn East, and Welwyn West, and the City of St Albans ward of Wheathampstead.[7]Wheathampstead was transferred from St Albans. The Welwyn Hatfield ward of Northaw was included in the new Borough Constituency of Broxtowe. 1997-present: As above minus Wheathampstead ward, which was transferred to the new County Constituency of Hitchin and Harpenden.[8][9]Changes proposed for 2022The Boundary Commission for England submitted their final proposals in respect of the Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster Constituencies (the 2018 review) in September 2018. If these proposals are approved by Parliament they will reduce the total number of MPs from 650 to 600 and come into effect at the next UK general election which is due to take place in May 2022 under the terms of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. In order to meet the requirements in respect of the electoral quota range, the Commission has recommended that the District of East Hertfordshire wards of Hertford Rural North and Hertford Rural South be transferred from North East Hertfordshire.[10] Members of Parliament
ElectionsElections in the 2010s{{Election box begin|title=General Election 2017: Welwyn Hatfield[12] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Grant Shapps |votes = 26,374 |percentage = 51.0 |change = +0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Anawar Miah |votes = 19,005 |percentage = 36.8 |change = +10.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Nigel Quinton |votes = 3,836 |percentage = 7.4 |change = +1.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Dean Milliken |votes = 1,441 |percentage = 2.8 |change = -10.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Christianne Sayers |votes = 835 |percentage = 1.6 |change = -1.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Melvyn Jones |votes = 178 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 7,369 |percentage = 14.2 |change = -10.0 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 51,669 |percentage = 71.0 |change = +2.5 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −5.0 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 2015: Welwyn Hatfield[13][14]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Grant Shapps |votes = 25,281 |percentage = 50.4 |change = −6.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Anawar Miah |votes = 13,128 |percentage = 26.1 |change = +4.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Arthur Stevens[15] |votes = 6,556 |percentage = 13.1 |change = +9.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Hugh Annand |votes = 3,140 |percentage = 6.3 |change = −10.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Marc Scheimann[16] |votes = 1,742 |percentage = 3.5 |change = +1.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Michael Green[17] |votes = 216 |percentage = 0.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition |candidate = Richard Shattock |votes = 142 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 12,153 |percentage = 24.2 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 68.5 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −5.7 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 2010: Welwyn Hatfield[18]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Grant Shapps |votes = 27,894 |percentage = 57.0 |change = +7.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Mike Hobday |votes = 10,471 |percentage = 21.4 |change = -14.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Paul Zukowskyj |votes = 8,010 |percentage = 16.4 |change = +2.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = David Platt |votes = 1,643 |percentage = 3.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Jill Weston |votes = 796 |percentage = 1.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Nigel Parker |votes = 158 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 17,423 |percentage = 35.6 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 48,972 |percentage = 68.0 |change = −0.2 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +11.1 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 2000s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 2005: Welwyn Hatfield[19]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Grant Shapps |votes = 22,172 |percentage = 49.6 |change = +9.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Melanie Johnson |votes = 16,226 |percentage = 36.3 |change = −6.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Sara Bedford |votes = 6,318 |percentage = 14.1 |change = 0.0 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 5,946 |percentage = 13.3 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 44,716 |percentage = 68.1 |change = +4.2 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = +8.0 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 2001: Welwyn Hatfield[20]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Melanie Johnson |votes = 18,484 |percentage = 43.2 |change = −3.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Grant Shapps |votes = 17,288 |percentage = 40.4 |change = +3.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Daniel Cooke |votes = 6,021 |percentage = 14.1 |change = +0.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Malcolm Biggs |votes = 798 |percentage = 1.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = ProLife Alliance |candidate = Fiona Pinto |votes = 230 |percentage = 0.5 |change = +0.0 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,196 |percentage = 2.8 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 42,821 |percentage = 63.9 |change = −14.7 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = −3.9 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1990s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1997: Welwyn Hatfield[21]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Melanie Johnson |votes = 24,936 |percentage = 47.1 |change = +11.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David Evans |votes = 19,341 |percentage = 36.5 |change = −11.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Rodney Schwartz |votes = 7,161 |percentage = 13.5 |change = −2.5 }}{{Election box candidate| |party = Residents Association |candidate = Victor Cox |votes = 1,263 |percentage = 2.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = ProLife Alliance |candidate = Helen Harrold |votes = 267 |percentage = 0.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 5,595 |percentage = 10.6 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 52,968 |percentage = 78.6 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +11.05 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1992: Welwyn Hatfield[22][23]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David Evans |votes = 29,447 |percentage = 48.4 |change = +2.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Ray A. Little |votes = 20,982 |percentage = 34.5 |change = +8.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Robin G. Parker |votes = 10,196 |percentage = 16.7 |change = −10.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Natural Law Party |candidate = Eva T. Lucas |votes = 264 |percentage = 0.4 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 8,465 |percentage = 13.9 |change = −4.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 60,889 |percentage = 84.3 |change = +3.4 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −2.7 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1980s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1987: Welwyn Hatfield[24]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David Evans |votes = 27,164 |percentage = 45.63 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = Lindsay Granshaw |votes = 16,261 |percentage = 27.32 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Chris Pond |votes = 15,699 |percentage = 26.37 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent Conservative |candidate = Bruce Dyson |votes = 401 |percentage =0.67 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 10,903 |percentage = 18.32 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 80.87 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election 1983: Welwyn Hatfield[25] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Christopher Murphy |votes = 27,498 |percentage = 47.70 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = Lindsay Granshaw |votes = 15,252 |percentage = 26.46 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = J France |votes = 14,898 |percentage = 25.84 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 12,246 |percentage = 21.24 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 79.36 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1970s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election 1979: Welwyn Hatfield }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Christopher Murphy |votes = 28,892 |percentage = 48.59 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Helene Hayman |votes = 25,418 |percentage = 42.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = J Hurd |votes = 4,688 |percentage = 7.88 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = National Front (UK) |candidate = P Ruddock |votes = 459 |percentage =0.77 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,474 |percentage = 5.84 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 84.99 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election October 1974: Welwyn Hatfield }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Helene Hayman |votes = 23,339 |percentage = 42.76 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Lindsay |votes = 22,819 |percentage = 41.81 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = PH Robinson |votes = 8,418 |percentage = 15.42 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 520 |percentage =0.95 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 81.28 |change = }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election February 1974: Welwyn Hatfield }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Lindsay |votes = 22,581 |percentage =39.85 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = CW Sewell |votes = 21,166 |percentage = 37.35 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = P Robinson |votes = 12,923 |percentage = 22.80 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,415 |percentage = 2.50 |change = }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 85.32 |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} See also
Notes and references
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boundarycommissionforengland.org.uk/electoral-figures/electoral-figures.htm|title=Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England|date=4 March 2011|work=2011 Electorate Figures|publisher=Boundary Commission for England|accessdate=13 March 2011}} 2. ^The Electoral Commission 2010 results 3. ^https://www.gov.uk/government/people/grant-shapps 4. ^2011 Census 5. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/nov/17/unemployment-and-employment-statistics-economics Unemployment claimants by constituency] The Guardian 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1970/1674/contents/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|access-date=2019-02-25}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1983/417/contents/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|access-date=2019-02-25}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1995/1626/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/1681/made/data.htm|title=The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007|website=www.legislation.gov.uk|access-date=2019-02-25}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bce2018.org.uk/publications|title=Final recommendations report|last=Boundary Commission for England, 2018 Review, Associated consultation documents|first=|date=September 2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 11. ^{{Rayment-hc|w|2|date=March 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web | title = Statement as to persons nominated and notice of poll | url = http://www.welhat.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=12317&p=0 | publisher = Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council | format = PDF | date = 11 May 2017 | accessdate = 6 June 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|archivedate=17 October 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.welhat.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=9965&p=0 | title=Statement Of Persons Nominated And Notice Of Poll | publisher=Acting Returning Officer | date=9 April 2015 | accessdate=14 April 2015}} 15. ^http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/2015guide/welwynhatfield/ 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://welwynhatfield.greenparty.org.uk/elections.html |title=Marc Scheimann PPC page |publisher=Green Party of England and Wales |accessdate=1 February 2015 }} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Burke |first=Dave|url=http://www.whtimes.co.uk/news/exclusive_satire_show_comic_is_standing_against_grant_shapps_after_changing_name_to_michael_green_1_4052913 |title=Satire show comic is standing against Grant Shapps after changing name to Michael Green |publisher=Welwyn Hatfield Times|date=29 April 2015|accessdate=29 April 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2010|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|archivedate=17 October 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2005|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054249/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2001|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054450/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1997|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054424/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1992|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054418/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/ge92index.htm|title=Politics Resources|date=9 April 1992|work=Election 1992|publisher=Politics Resources|accessdate=2010-12-06}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1987|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054243/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1983|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054231/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}}
3 : Parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1974|Politics of Welwyn Hatfield |
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