| 词条 | Wensleydale Railway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Wensleydale Railway |image = |locale = North Yorkshire | map = | mapsize = |terminus = |linename = Wensleydale Railway |builtby = |originalgauge = {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}} |originalrack = |originalelec = |preservedgauge = {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}} |preservedrack = |preservedelec = |era = |owned = |operator = Wensleydale Railway plc |stations = 7 |length = {{convert|22|mile|km|0}} |originalopen = between 1848 & 1878 |closedpassengers = 1954 |closed = 1992 |stageyears = |stage = |years = |events = Reopened 4 July 2003 |headquarters = Leeming Bar }}{{Wensleydale Railway}} The Wensleydale Railway is a heritage railway in Wensleydale and Lower Swaledale in North Yorkshire, England. The line runs {{convert|22|mi|km|0}} between Northallerton West station, about a fifteen-minute walk from {{Stnlnk|Northallerton}} station on the East Coast Main Line, and {{Stnlnk|Redmire}}. Regular passenger services operate between {{rws|Leeming Bar}} and {{rws|Redmire}}, while occasional freight services and excursions travel the full length of the line. The line formerly ran from Northallerton to {{Stnlnk|Garsdale}} on the Settle-Carlisle Railway, but the track between Redmire and Garsdale has been lifted and several bridges and viaducts demolished. HistoryOn 26 June 1846, an Act of Parliament authorised the Great North of England Railway and its successor the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway to build a line between Northallerton and Bedale.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|pp=8–9}} The {{convert|5+1/2|mi|adj=on}} section between Northallerton and Leeming Lane opened on 6 March 1848.{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|pp=492–493}}{{sfn|Hoole|1974|p=110}} The section between Leeming Bar and Bedale that was authorised by the Act was not built.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=9}} The Bedale and Leyburn Railway, financed by local landowners, was an {{convert|11+1/2|mi|adj=on}} extension between Leeming Bar and Leyburn that was authorised on 4 August 1853; the section between Leeming Bar and Bedale station opened on 1 February 1855 and the remainder on 28 November 1855 for goods and minerals and 19 May 1856 for passengers.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|pp=22–23}}{{sfn|Hoole|1974|p=110}}{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|pp=522, 555}}{{sfn|Butt|1995|pp=30, 142}} The York, Newcastle and Berwick had become a founder member of the North Eastern Railway (NER) on 31 July 1854,{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|pp=525–526}} and the Bedale and Leyburn was absorbed into this larger company in 1859.{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=778}} The Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle upon Tyne Junction Railway had been proposed in the mid-1840s railway mania to link Settle, Hawes and Askrigg,{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=468}} and in 1846 the Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle upon Tyne Junction Railway was given permission for a main line from Elslack, on the Leeds and Bradford Railway, to Scorton on the Richmond branch of the Great North of England Railway, and a branch line to Hawes,[1]{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=480}} but this scheme failed.[2] In the late 1860s, several competing railways proposed to serve the agricultural land around Hawes.{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=616}} Eventually, an Act of Parliament raised by the Midland Railway that mostly related to the Settle and Carlisle line but included a branch off this line between Garsdale and Hawes was authorised on 16 July 1866.{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=618}}{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|pp=29–30}} An Act of Parliament raised by the North Eastern Railway for a railway between Leyburn and Hawes was authorised on 4 July 1870.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=31}} The section of this railway between Leyburn and Askrigg opened on 1 February 1877; the section between Askrigg and Hawes was opened for goods on 1 June 1878; the Hawes branch of the Settle and Carlisle line was opened for goods on 1 August 1878; the sections between Askrigg and Hawes and between Hawes and Garsdale were both opened for passengers on 1 October 1878.{{sfn|Hoole|1974|p=110}}{{sfn|Butt|1995|p=116}}{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|pp=682–683}}{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|pp=35–36}} At this point, there was a through route between Northallerton and Garsdale. DeclineThe line remained a single track branch line transporting milk and stone; the passenger service over the full length of the line finished on 26 April 1954.{{sfn|Hoole|1974|pp=110–111}}{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=171}} One passenger train each way was operated between Garsdale and Hawes until 14 March 1959 at which point this part of the line closed to all traffic.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=174}} On 27 April 1964, the line between Redmire and Hawes closed completely.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=174}} The track west of Redmire was lifted and many bridges on this section of the line were demolished in 1965.{{sfn|Hallas|2002|p=83}} With the exception of goods trains serving the quarry near Redmire until 1992, freight traffic on the line ceased in 1982.{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|p=179}} Some excursion tours ran to Redmire in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s{{sfn|Jenkins|1993|pp=177–179}} particularly the Dalesrail services in 1977 which prompted interest in a renewed passenger service on the line.[3] RestorationThe Wensleydale Railway Association (WRA) was formed in 1990 with the main aim of restoring passenger services.[4] When British Rail decided to try to sell the line between Northallerton and Redmire following cessation of the quarry trains to Redmire, the WRA decided to take a more proactive role and aimed to operate passenger services itself. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) had an interest in using the line between Northallerton and Redmire to transport armoured vehicles to/from Catterick Garrison. The MoD paid for repairs and restoration of the line and the installation of loading facilities at Redmire, and did not object to WRC taking over the line. A trial train ran in November 1993 and full MoD operations started in July 1996.{{sfn|Hallas|2002|p=89}} These military transport trains continue to this day. In 2000 WRA formed a separate operating company, the Wensleydale Railway plc (WRC), and issued a share offer to raise funds. £1.2 million was raised through this method. Railtrack agreed to lease the line between Northallerton and Redmire to WRC and a 99-year lease was signed in 2003. Passenger services restarted on 4 July 2003[5] with the stations at Leeming Bar and Leyburn being reopened. In 2004, the stations at Bedale, Finghall and Redmire were reopened. In 2010 a passing loop was opened at the site of the former Constable Burton station, which enabled the railway to introduce a 2-train service when required. In 2014, {{rws|Scruton}} station was reopened and a new station built at {{rws|Northallerton West}}, enabling passenger services to be extended east of Leeming Bar,[6] but this section was closed to passengers again in August 2016 following a collision between a train and a car at a level crossing near Yafforth.[7] It is hoped to recommence services at a future date once work to upgrade level crossing equipment is complete.[8] In 2016 it was reported that the railway carries over 50,000 people a year and that for every £1 spent on the railway, £4 is spent at one of the towns or villages on the route.[9] The company's longer-term aim is to reopen the {{convert|18|mi}} of line west from Redmire via Castle Bolton, Aysgarth, Askrigg, Bainbridge, Hawes and Mossdale to join up with the Settle-Carlisle Railway Route at Garsdale.[6] A study commissioned by the railway indicated that an initial extension to Aysgarth from Redmire ({{convert|3|mi}}), would generate an extra income of £3.1 million into the local economy with an additional £500,000 in ticket sales for the railway.[10] However this is threatened by the sale of Aysgarth Station and trackbed to a private individual.[11] Company structureThe Wensleydale Railway plc is responsible for the operation, maintenance and development of the railway line and passenger services. The company has a mixture of employed and volunteer staff. The Wensleydale Railway Association (Trust) Ltd is a membership organisation and a registered charity[12] that supports the development of the railway through fund raising, volunteer working, providing training and supporting work on heritage structures such as Scruton Station and Bedale signal box. Locomotives
Other steam locomotives that have visited the Wensleydale Railway have been: Standard 4 Tank No. 80105, King Arthur class No. 30777 Sir Lamiel, 56xx class No. 5643, Class A4 No. 4464 Bittern, Class K4 No. 61994 The Great Marquess, Class K1 No. 62005, Hudswell Clarke No. 20 Jennifer, Merchant Navy Class No. 35018 British India Line, Class J27 No. 65894 and Class A1 No. 60163 Tornado.
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/20604/pages/1802/page.pdf|work=London Gazette|title=Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle-upon-Tyne Junction Railway|date=12 May 1846 }} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Suggitt|first1=Gordon|title=Lost railways of North and East Yorkshire|date=2005|publisher=Countryside Books|location=Newbury|isbn=978-1-85306-918-5|page=27}} 3. ^{{cite magazine|last1=Redhead|first1=Brian|title=Dalesrail Excursion|magazine=The Railway Magazine|date=November 1978|volume=124|issue=931|pages=527-529|publisher=IPC Transport Press|location=London|issn=0033-8923}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Wensleydale Railway Association celebrates milestone anniversary|url=http://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/news/12963923.Wensleydale_Railway_Association_celebrates_milestone_anniversary/|accessdate=17 June 2017|work=The Westmorland Gazette|date=21 May 2015|language=en}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Sharpe|first1=Brian|title=LNER Steam Revival|date=2016|publisher=Mortons Media|location=Horncastle|isbn=978-1-909128-63-7|page=11|chapter=LNER heritage lines}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.wensleydalerail.com/about-us2 |title=Wensleydale Railway » About us |publisher=Wensleydalerail.com |date= |accessdate=20 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Minting|first1=Stuart|title=Investigation launched after woman seriously hurt after car hit by train near Northallerton|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/14660324.UPDATED__Investigation_launched_after_woman_seriously_hurt_after_car_hit_by_train/|website=The Northern Echo|publisher=Newsquest (North East) Ltd|accessdate=3 April 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Current Projects|url=https://www.wensleydalerail.com/current-projects/|website=Wensleydale Railway|accessdate=3 April 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Gleeson|first1=Janet|title=Heritage line unveils its station restoration plan|work=Darlington & Stockton Times|issue=46-2016|date=18 November 2016|page=3|issn=2040-3933}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Flanagan|first1=Emily|title=Hopes for extending railway line|work=Darlington & Stockton Times|issue=2017-16|date=21 April 2017|page=1|issn=2040-3933}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/15496139.Station_sale_plans_spark_fears_for_the_future_of_Wensleydale_Railway/|title=Station sale plans spark fears for the future of Wensleydale Railway|website=The Northern Echo|date=25 August 2017}} 12. ^{{EW charity|1088324|WENSLEYDALE RAILWAY ASSOCIATION (TRUST) LIMITED}} Sources
External links{{commons category|Wensleydale Railway}}
5 : Heritage railways in Yorkshire|Tourist attractions in North Yorkshire|Wensleydale|Railway lines opened in 1878|Railway companies established in 2000 |
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