| 词条 | Bergen Tunnels | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Bergen Tunnels |image = File:Westen portal Bergen Hill Tunnels (1876 & 1908).jpg |image_size = 300px |caption = Western portal (2001) |official_name = |also_known_as = |line = |system = New Jersey Transit |location = {{ubl|Bergen Hill|Hudson Palisades|Jersey City, New Jersey}}{{collapsed infobox section begin}} |owner = NJ Transit |opened = |closed = |map_cue = |map_image = |map_text = |map_width = |traffic = Railroad |character = Passenger |engineer = James Archbald Samuel Rockwell |construction = {{hlist|1877|1910}} |length = {{convert|4200|ft|m}} approx. |coordinates = {{coord|40|44|25|N|74|03|45|W|name= Bergen Tunnels|type:landmark_region:US-NJ|display=title}} |notrack = 2 per tube |gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} |el = Overhead line |speed = |extra = {{Location map|USA New York City#USA New Jersey Hudson County#New Jersey |label = Bergen Tunnels |label_size = |alt = |position = bottom |background = |lat = 40.740278 |long = -74.0625 |mark = |marksize = |border = none |float = |width = |caption = }}{{collapsed infobox section end}}}} The Bergen Tunnels are a pair of railroad tunnels with open cuts running parallel to each other under Bergen Hill in Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S. Originally built by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W), they are used by New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT) trains originating or terminating at Hoboken Terminal.[1] ConstructionPrior to construction, the Morris and Essex Railroad, a predecessor of the DL&W, used the Long Dock Tunnel, owned by the Erie Railroad, to pass under the Hudson Palisades. After issues of congestion and competition arose, the DL&W decided to build its own tunnel for what is commonly known as its Morristown Line.[2][3] Construction of the North Bergen Tunnel began in 1873; it came into service in 1877.[4] The South Bergen Tunnel opened in 1910,[5] soon after a new Hoboken Terminal was inaugurated. Both tunnels are approximately {{convert|4,200|ft|m|abbr=on}} long,[6][7] and have two short segments of open cut as well as ventilation shafts.[8] RehabilitationIn 2001, New Jersey Transit contracted JV Merco-Obayashi for the rehabilitation of the partially brick-lined North Bergen Tunnel.[8] This included the stabilization of the two open cuts. The five ventilation shafts were stabilized and backfilled. Brick was removed so that the tunnel could be enlarged using drill-and-blast methods, following which it was relined with shotcrete. A drained membrane waterproofing system was installed before a final lining of concrete was cast-in-place.[9] In addition to waterproofing ceilings and walls, new electrical, signal and ventilation systems were installed as were new emergency exits. New tracks were affixed directly to a new concrete floor.[10] Historic statusThe tunnels are part of New Jersey's state historic preservation office historic district, designated the Old Main Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Historic District.[11] They were documented in 2001 for the Historic American Engineering Record.[12]
See also
References1. ^{{cite book |last=French |first=Kenneth |title=Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City |series=Images of Rail |year=2002 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |url= https://books.google.nl/books?id=R2ugCDdKZEYC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-7385-0966-2 |page=125}} 2. ^{{cite news| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1877/05/12/80645453.pdf| title=The New Bergen Tunnel| newspaper=New York Times| date=May 12, 1877}} 3. ^{{Citation |last = Bianculli|first= Anthony J.|title = Iron Rails in the Garden State: Tales of New Jersey Railroading|publisher= Indiana University Press|year= 2008 |url= https://books.google.nl/books/about/Iron_Rails_in_the_Garden_State.html?id=oif8ddRyYMcC&redir_esc=y |isbn = 9780253351746}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://bridgehunter.com/nj/hudson/north-bergen-tunnel/|title=NJT - North Bergen Tunnel|website=Bridgehunter.com|accessdate=November 13, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://bridgehunter.com/nj/hudson/njt---south-bergen-tunnel/|title=NJT – South Bergen Tunnel|website=Bridgehunter.com|accessdate=November 13, 2017}} 6. ^{{Cite work |title= Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, North Bergen Tunnel, Through Bergen Hill from Prospect Street at Ogden Avenue to John F. Kennedy Boulevard at Beacon Avenue, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ |work= HAER NJ-136 |publisher = Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey |year=|url = https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nj1773/}} 7. ^{{Cite work |title= Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, South Bergen Tunnel, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ |work= HAER NJ-137 |publisher = Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey |url = https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nj1774/}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.njtransit.com/tm/tm_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PressReleaseTo&PRESS_RELEASE_ID=203|title=NJ Transit to Begin Rehabilitation of Aging Bergen Tunnel in Early Summer|date= May 10, 2001|accessdate=November 13, 2017}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |title = Bergen Tunnel Rehabilitation |publisher = Gall Zeidler Consultants |date = 2001 |url = http://www.gzconsultants.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2017/08/0000-Bergen-Rehab-Tunnel.pdf|accessdate =November 11, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.njtransit.com/tm/tm_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PressReleaseTo&PRESS_RELEASE_ID=304|title= Bergen Tunnel Construction Continues|date=August 10, 2001|accessdate=November 13, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web |title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places| url= http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists.htm |publisher=New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection-Historic Preservation Office |accessdate= October 2, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=Bergen+Tunnels&sp=1&sb=&st=list&co=hh&sg=false&fi=all&op=AND&va=all&c= |title=Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey: Search Results: Bergen Tunnels |year=2001 |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=November 16, 2017}} External links
8 : NJ Transit Rail Operations|Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad tunnels|Railroad tunnels in New Jersey|Transportation in Jersey City, New Jersey|Tunnels completed in 1877|Tunnels completed in 1910|Tunnels in Hudson County, New Jersey|1877 establishments in New Jersey |
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