| 词条 | Bernard L. Levinthal |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = Rabbi | synagogue = Congregation B'nai Abraham | began = 1891 | ended = 1952 | predecessor = Rabbi Eleazar Kleinberg | successor = Rabbi H. Zvi Gottesman | rebbe = Rabbi Isaac Elchonon Spektor | birth_date = May 12, 1864 | birth_place = Kovno | death_date = September 23, 1952 | death_place = Philadelphia | yahrtzeit = 4 Tishrei 5713 | demonination = Orthodox | spouse = Mimie Levinthal (-1929, her death) Sarah Samson (1935-1952, his death) | semicha = Rabbi Isaac Elchonon Spektor }} Rabbi Bernard Louis Levinthal ({{lang-he|הרב דוב אריה בן הרב אברהם הכהן לבינטל}}, May 12, 1864 – September 23, 1952), the "Dean of U. S. Rabbis,"[1] was a prominent leader of Philadelphia's Orthodox Jewish community for over 60 years. He succeeded his father-in-law to become the second rabbi of Congregation B'nai Avrohom at age 27, and served until his death.[2] He is interred at the Congregation Mikveh Israel 55th Street Cemetery. Early lifeLevinthal was born on the festival of Lag BaOmer in Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania to a prominent, 17-generation rabbinical family. One of his ancestors was the 17th century authors of Beth Hillel and Masse Hashem.[2] In 1888, he received semicha (rabbinic ordination) from Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Spektor and from Rabbi Samuel Mohilever. The following year, his father-in-law became rabbi of Bnai Abraham, but died only three years later. The synagogue members sent a request to Levinthal to take over the position, which he accepted, starting a 61-year career in the synagogue (September 1891-September 1952).[2][3] Rabbinic career in AmericaOver the next ten years, the rabbi worked to establish a more complete communal framework for the city. Within about a year, he helped start the Communal Hebrew School, the city's first daily Jewish school, and a decade later, Yeshiva Mishkan Yisroel — both predecessors to the United Hebrew Schools and Yeshivos. Previously, only Rebecca Gratz' Sunday school was available. A year later, the Chevra Kadisha (burial society) formed, which set up the historic Har Hazaitim cemetery in Gladwyne, Lower Merion.[2] The cemetery was abandoned for decades in the mid-20th century, and almost sold off for development. Nearby Reform Congregation Beth David now owns it and is running a restoration project.[4][5][6] In 1896, he helped found what became Yeshiva University's rabbinical seminary, as America was short on traditionally-trained rabbis, and needed native rabbinical guidance.[2] He would serve as Yeshiva's president, and later, in 1941, joined its board. In the early 1900s, Rabbi Levinthal helped organize a central kosher supervision committee across 18 Philadelphia synagogues. On a wider scale, he cofounded one of the early rabbinical membership organizations across the United States and Canada, the Agudath Harabbanim.[2] His activity in kashruth also led to the passage of Philadelphia's kosher law. Seeking a "kosher" social outlet for congregates, Levinthal encouraged the 1905 creation of social club The Independent Order Brith Sholom.[2] Its national headquarters and first lodge were local, and it would ultimately number hundreds of branches and thousands of members.[7][8] In 1918, he helped found the American Jewish Congress at Independence Hall. His communal efforts, in Pennsylvania and elsewhere, were well known enough to have 1,000 people attend his 70th birthday celebration. The heads of the American Jewish Committee, the Zionist Organization of America, the Agudath HaRabanim, and America Mizrachi were all on the speakers roster.[9] In 1932, during the Depression, he successfully lobbied for a 1 cent per head kosher chicken tax, to support the four institutions of the United Schools. They had been in danger of closing, having not paid staff in months. His wife, Mimie, died in 1929, but he remarried in 1935 to the former Sarah Samson. He had four sons and at least one daughter, Lena Ehrlich, mother-in-law of Samuel Belkin.[10] Levinthal was a mentor to Bernard Revel, the first president of Yeshiva University's Yeshiva College. Revel spoke to Levinthal when Levinthal visited RIETS, the yeshiva Revel was attending in New York. Levinthal invited Revel to become his assistant in Philadelphia. Later, Levinthal officiated at Revel's marriage.[11] Politics and ZionismThe Levinthals were known to President Taft, and attended his 25th wedding anniversary in 1911, while he was in office. While he was unable to travel from America to Switzerland for the First World Jewish Congress in 1897, he did write a speech that was read there. He attended the 1936 Congress, with his second wife. Levinthal was a founder of the Orthodox Union in 1998 and of Mizrachi (now Religious Zionists of America) in 1902; present at the 1906 founding of the American Jewish Committee as a delegate, and helped organize the American Jewish Congress in 1917.[12] In 1919, he was sent by the American Jewish Committee to the Peace Conference at Versailles, one of only nine Jewish representatives.[2][12] While there, he advocated for successful resolutions supporting religious freedom and Jewish civil rights of Jews in Europe.[2] His synagogue mourned secularist Zionism founder Theodore Herzl on his death in 1904. After Levinithal's Versailles Peace Conference trip, he publicly expressed support for the British Mandate of Palestine, and a wish to move there and help construct a new Jewish state there should one be established. He was Honorary Vice-Chairman of the United Palestine Appeal, forerunner of the United Israel Appeal, in 1926. In 1939, as news began to spread of maltreatment of Jews throughout Europe in the leadup to the Holocaust, Levinthal represented the United Jewish Appeal in a fundraiser throughout the United States to help the European Jews. Some of the funds were used to help resettle them in Mandatory Palestine. He supported Liberty Bond sales, going so far as to cross religious lines, bringing reform rabbis and Catholic leaders into his home to strategize sales. He acted similarly in 1944 for War Bond sales. He gave encouragement to Jewish soldiers and sailors.[2] Levinthal criticized the Jewish Theological Seminary for requiring its students to attain a secular college degree.[13] References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/24/archives/bernard-lewnthal-dean-of-u-s-rabbis.html|title=Bernard Lewnthal, Dean of U. S. Rabbis|last=Tnar|first=Special to T] N.-w Yo:|date=1952-09-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-12-20|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite news|url=https://www.phillyshul.com/history-timeline/|title=History|work=B'nai Abraham Chabad|access-date=2018-05-11|language=en-US}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Sherbock |first=Dan |date=March 10, 2006 |title=Dictionary of Jewish Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&dq=B%27nai+Abraham+Philadelphia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Oz0jVcWVLMvHsAWv5ILoBA&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=B'nai%20Abraham%20Philadelphia&f=false |location= |publisher= A&C Black|page= |isbn= |access-date= }} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://patch.com/pennsylvania/brynmawr/video-the-gladwyne-jewish-cemetery-project|title=Video: The Gladwyne Jewish Cemetery Project|date=2013-01-07|work=Bryn Mawr-Gladwyne, PA Patch|access-date=2018-05-11|language=en-US}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lmconservancy.org/gladwyne-jewish-memorial-cemetery/|title=Lower Merion Conservancy » Gladwyne Jewish Memorial Cemetery|website=lmconservancy.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-11}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.gladwynejewishcemetery.org/history.html|title=History|website=Beth David Reform Congregation|language=en|access-date=2018-05-11}} 7. ^Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918, 2nd Edition. New York: Kehillah (Jewish Community) of New York City, 1918. p. 935. See: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ptPTTkYiLNAC&pg=PA1573&lpg=PA1573&dq=jewish+fraternal+organizations+%22B'rith+Sholom%22&source=web&ots=6QdEn7jQg1&sig=F7p1Gcx_NdeYUfZtVRaOp_4AYvg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPP13,M1 google books link] 8. ^Janowsky, p. 146 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1935/05/17/archive/honor-veteran-of-philadelphia-pulpit|title=Honor Veteran of Philadelphia Pulpit {{!}} Jewish Telegraphic Agency|website=www.jta.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-11}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/195418188padampc931164|title=LEVINTHAL ESTATE {{!}} 88 Pa. D. & C. 93 (1954) {{!}} dampc931164 {{!}} Leagle.com|website=Leagle|language=en|access-date=2018-12-20}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B3IkvDTCt0C&lpg=PT233&dq=bernard%20levinthal%20sarah&pg=PT233#v=onepage&q=levinthal&f=false|title=Jewish Communities on the Ohio River: A History|last=Shevitz|first=Amy Hill|date=2007-08-17|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813138435|language=en}} 12. ^1 {{Cite book|title=American Jews: Their Lives and Achievements ; a Contemporary Biographical Record, Volume 1|last=|first=|publisher=Golden Book Foundation of America|year=1947|isbn=|location=New York|pages=127}} 13. ^{{Cite book|title=Bernard Revel: Builder of American Jewish Orthodoxy|last=Rakeffet-Rothkoff|first=Aaron|publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America|year=1972|isbn=|location=Philadelphia|pages=105}} External Links
8 : 1864 births|1952 deaths|People from Kaunas|American rabbis|American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent|Lithuanian emigrants to the United States|Lithuanian Jews|Philadelphia |
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