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词条 Bethany Ehlmann
释义

  1. Education & Early Career

  2. Research

  3. Awards & Honors

  4. References

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Bethany Ehlmann
| image = File:Bethany Ehlmann Headshot for NASA JPL.jpg
| birth_place = Tallahassee, Florida
| fields = Planetary Science
| workplaces = NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
| alma_mater = Washington University in St. Louis, AB, 2004
University of Oxford, MSc, 2005 & 2007
Brown University, PhD, 2010
| thesis_title = Early Mars Environments Revealed Through Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Alteration Minerals
| thesis_url = https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11132/
| thesis_year = 2010
| doctoral_advisor = John F. Mustard
| awards = Rhodes Scholarship, National Geographic Society Emerging Explorer, Harold C. Urey Prize
| website = Research website
}}

Bethany List Ehlmann is a Professor of Planetary Science at California Institute of Technology and a Research Scientist at Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Education & Early Career

Ehlmann was born and raised in Tallahassee, Florida. She received her Bachelor of Arts in 2004 from Washington University in St. Louis, where she was a Compton Fellow[1]. During her Sophomore year, she was awarded the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship.[2] She then attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar beginning in 2004. There, she received two Master of Science degrees, one in Environmental Change and Management under the mentorship of John Boardman, awarded in 2005, and the other in Geography under the mentorship of Heather Viles, awarded in 2007. While at Oxford, she contributed to the analysis of remote sensing data to help evaluate safe landing sites for the Mars Exploration Rover in a 2005 study.[3] Her Master's thesis was entitled "Developing quantitative techniques for evaluating rock breakdown morphology: a case study of basalt boulders in the Channelled Scablands, Washington, USA."[4]

Ehlmann then returned to the United States to attend Brown University for her PhD in Geological Sciences in the research group of John F. Mustard. During her doctoral career, her focus shifted to studying Mars, utilizing orbital spectral data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), a visible-infrared spectrometer aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter that takes measurements from the surface and atmosphere of Mars. CRISM is used to find the signature spectral signatures of different minerals to understand what minerals are present on Mars and form hypotheses on how different geological processes have shaped the planet over the course of its history. Using CRISM data, Ehlmann became the first to identify carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars, the presence of which suggests that water present on Mars when these rocks formed was neutral to alkaline.[5][6] She also discovered evidence for the presence of a methane-producing mineral called serpentine on Mars.[7] The discovery could be a clue of past life on earth, as serpentine arises from a mineral called olivine in a hydrothermal process that could serve as an energy source for methane-producing microbes. Her dissertation, published in 2010 and entitled "Early Mars Environments Revealed Through Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Alteration Minerals," documented her investigation of aqueous processes that occurred on ancient Mars during the earliest epoch of Martian history: the Noachian (>3.7 Ga).[8] The work was aimed, in part, at better understanding the changing habitability of Mars over time, as well as understanding how aqueous environments have evolved on Mars. Her dissertation received the Joukowsky award for the outstanding PhD dissertation.[9]

Following her doctorate, Ehlmann became a European Union Marie Curie Fellow at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale at University of Paris-Sud.[10]

Research

In 2011, Ehlmann became an Assistant Professor of Planetary Science at California Institute of Technology and a Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, continuing her research in the mineral composition and chemistry of different planets, with a focus on Earth and Mars. She's particularly interested in tracing chemical processes of water on other planets. For instance, her group has helped contribute to our understanding of Mars' missing atmosphere.[11][12] A previous hypothesis suggested that carbon from Mars originally thick atmosphere had been sequestered into carbonate rocks and minerals. Ehlmann's team, however, inventoried evidence for carbonate rocks on the planet by analyzing satellite data and found there were not enough rocks on the planet to support that hypothesis. They suggested instead that the atmosphere had been gradually lost in space, which is supported by evidence collected by the Curiosity rover.[13]

Ehlmann has also collaborated on mission development and mission operations for NASA, including the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover and developing the Mastcam-Z and the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) imaging instruments for the upcoming Mars 2020 rover. Using samples collected by the Mars Curiosity rover, Ehlmann and her colleagues have planned experiments to interpret the sandstone layers of dunes that have since turned into rock on the Martian surface to search for clues of life on Mars, as well as how Mars' environment has evolved over the years.[14] She was part of the team that proposed the Jezero crater, where rivers once fed into a lake, as the landing site for the Mars 2020 mission, citing that the crater was also an excellent landing site to look for signs of life underground, collecting river and lake sediments that might retain signs of past life.[15] She is also one of several scientists advocating that the 2020 mission be a "mega mission" to find ancient life on Mars, visiting the maximum number of sites possible to ensure the likelihood that samples with signs of life are collected.[16]

Ehlmann is also part of the team exploring the geology of Ceres with data collected by the Dawn spacecraft. Ceres is the largest asteroid and dwarf planet in our solar system's main asteroid belt and is marked by a number of bright spots associated with the impact of the crater Occator. She and collaborators found the bright spots were due to a variety of highly reflective salts that have accumulated on Ceres, likely as a result of some water-related process.[17][18]

Awards & Honors

  • Barry Goldwater Scholar, 2002[2]
  • Rhodes Scholar, 2004[19]
  • Emerging Explorer, National Geographic Society, 2013[20]
  • James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2015[21]
  • Kavli Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, 2015[22]
  • Harold C. Urey Prize in Planetary Science, 2017[23]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2002/01/rhodes-scholars-bring-great-honor/|title=Rhodes Scholars 'bring great honor' {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis|date=2002-01-01|website=The Source|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-28}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2002/01/goldwater-scholarships-go-to-4-sophomores/|title=Goldwater scholarships go to 4 sophomores {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis|date=2002-01-01|website=The Source|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Zurek|first=R. W.|last2=Squyres|first2=S. W.|last3=Schofield|first3=J. T.|last4=Parker|first4=T. J.|last5=Kass|first5=D. M.|last6=Haldemann|first6=A. F. C.|last7=Greeley|first7=R.|last8=Grant|first8=J. A.|last9=Fergason|first9=R. L.|date=July 2005|title=Assessment of Mars Exploration Rover landing site predictions|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03600|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=436|issue=7047|pages=44–48|doi=10.1038/nature03600|pmid=16001058|issn=1476-4687|via=}}
4. ^{{Cite thesis|last=Ehlmann|first=Bethany L.|title=Developing quantitative techniques for evaluating rock breakdown morphology: a case study of basalt boulders in the Channelled Scablands, Washington, USA|date=2006|publisher=Thesis MSc--University of Oxford|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do;jsessionid=C30820E2187A41653865681559391F8C?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=oxfaleph016747668&indx=2&recIds=oxfaleph016747668&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&vid=OXVU1&dscnt=0&vl(freeText0)=bethany%20ehlmann&dum=true&dstmp=1545855235720}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wray|first=James J.|last2=Swayze|first2=Gregg A.|last3=Roush|first3=Ted L.|last4=Roach|first4=Leah H.|last5=Milliken|first5=Ralph E.|last6=Marais|first6=David J. Des|last7=Clark|first7=Roger N.|last8=Calvin|first8=Wendy M.|last9=Brown|first9=Adrian J.|date=2008-12-19|title=Orbital Identification of Carbonate-Bearing Rocks on Mars|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/322/5909/1828|journal=Science|language=en|volume=322|issue=5909|pages=1828–1832|doi=10.1126/science.1164759|issn=1095-9203|pmid=19095939}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16305-long-sought-carbonate-minerals-found-on-mars/|title=Long-sought carbonate minerals found on Mars|last=McKee|first=Maggie|website=New Scientist|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hand|first=Eric|date=2009-03-27|title=Methane-producing mineral discovered on Mars|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/news.2009.197|issn=0028-0836}}
8. ^{{Cite thesis|last=Ehlmann|first=Bethany|title=Early Mars Environments Revealed Through Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Alteration Minerals|date=2010|publisher=Brown University|url=https://doi.org/10.7301/Z0QN650G|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/earth-environmental-planetary-sciences/news/2010-04/congratulations-bethany-ehlmann|title=Congratulations to Bethany Ehlmann {{!}} Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences|website=www.brown.edu|access-date=2018-12-26}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.mariecuriealumni.eu/news/marie-curie-alumna-plays-key-role-mars-curiosity|title=Marie Curie Alumna Plays Key Role in Mars Curiosity|last=Anonymous|date=2013-05-21|website=www.mariecuriealumni.eu|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Edwards|first=Christopher S.|last2=Ehlmann|first2=Bethany L.|date=October 2015|title=Carbon sequestration on Mars|url=http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150827-175842753|journal=Geology|volume=43|issue=10|pages=863–866|issn=1943-2682|via=|doi=10.1130/G36983.1}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/30746-mars-missing-atmosphere-lost-in-space.html|title=Mars' Missing Atmosphere Likely Lost in Space|last=Redd|first=Nola Taylor|last2=October 5|first2=Space com Contributor {{!}}|website=Space.com|access-date=2018-12-26|last3=ET|first3=2015 05:28pm}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124170249.htm|title=Mars once had a moderately dense atmosphere: Scientists suggest the fingerprints of early photochemistry provide a solution to the long-standing mystery|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulseheadlines.com/mars-curiosity-rover-explores-martian-dunes-time/12756/|title=Mars Curiosity Rover explores Martian Dunes for the first time|date=2015-12-14|website=Pulse Headlines|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/11/why-nasa-chose-jezero-crater-for-mars-2020-rover-landing-site/|title=Why NASA thinks this crater is the best spot to search for life on Mars|date=2018-11-19|website=Science & Innovation|access-date=2018-12-26}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07064-y|title=Double the fun: Mars scientists push NASA to send rock-harvesting rover to two sites|last=Witze|first=Alexandra|date=2018-10-18|website=Nature|language=EN|access-date=2018-12-26}}
17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Russell|first=C. T.|last2=Raymond|first2=C. A.|last3=Mugnuolo|first3=R.|last4=Schenk|first4=P.|last5=Jaumann|first5=R.|last6=Pieters|first6=C. M.|last7=McFadden|first7=L. A.|last8=Palomba|first8=E.|last9=Magni|first9=G.|date=August 2016|title=Bright carbonate deposits as evidence of aqueous alteration on (1) Ceres|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18290|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=536|issue=7614|pages=54–57|doi=10.1038/nature18290|pmid=27362221|issn=1476-4687|via=}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0629/Dwarf-planet-Ceres-may-be-less-icy-more-complex-say-scientists|title=Dwarf planet Ceres may be less icy, more complex, say scientists|date=2016-06-29|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2018-12-26|issn=0882-7729}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2003/11/wustl-seniors-bethany-ehlmann-and-allison-gilmore-receive-rhodes-scholarships-to-oxford-university/|title=WUSTL seniors Bethany Ehlmann and Allison Gilmore receive Rhodes Scholarships to Oxford University {{!}} The Source {{!}} Washington University in St. Louis|date=2003-11-23|website=The Source|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/find-explorers/bethany-ehlmann|title=Learn more about Bethany Ehlmann|last=Society|first=National Geographic|website=www.nationalgeographic.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://honors.agu.org/2015-agu-union-medal-award-and-prize-recipients-announced/|title=2015 AGU Union Medal, Award, and Prize Recipients Announced|website=Honors Program|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/news/2015-kavli-fellows.html|title=2015 Kavli Fellows - News Release|website=www.nasonline.org|access-date=2018-12-26}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://dps.aas.org/prizes/urey|title=Harold C. Urey Prize in Planetary Science {{!}} Division for Planetary Sciences|website=dps.aas.org|access-date=2018-12-26}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ehlmann, Bethany}}

12 : Living people|American women geologists|Planetary scientists|American Rhodes Scholars|American geologists|Washington University in St. Louis alumni|California Institute of Technology faculty|Brown University alumni|Alumni of the University of Oxford|Jet Propulsion Laboratory faculty|NASA people|Year of birth missing (living people)
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