| 词条 | Better America Federation |
| 释义 |
The Better America Federation was a pro-business organization in California, U.S. in the 1920s. HistoryThe organization co-founded in May 7, 1920 in Los Angeles, California by railway developer Eli P. Clark and other businessman,[1] mostly from the utilities sector.[2] It was formed ‘‘for the political welfare of the nation," purpose, the suppression of radicalism, class legislation and all else ‘‘inimical to the welfare of the nation." Headquarters in Los Angeles.[3] It took over from the defunct Commercial Federation of California.[4][5] Its founding president, Harry E. Haldiman, was the president of the Pacific Pipes and Supplies Company.[1] The vice president for Los Angeles County was Reese J. Llewellyn, the president of Llewellyn Iron Works.[1] Donors included private individuals and corporations like Southern California Edison.[1] The organization published pamphlets.[1] It also lobbied members of the California State Assembly.[1] It promoted American patriotism, and it warned the public against communism.[1] Furthermore, it argued the United States Constitution should not be amended.[1] In the workplace, the organization was opposed to labor unions and regulations.[1] Moreover, it promoted a six-day workweek and it rejected the minimum wage.[5] In schools, it warned against "bolshevik" authors like Edward Alsworth Ross, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. and David Saville Muzzey used in textbooks.[1] They also objected to Garfield Bromley Oxnam joining a school board.[5] Moreover, it was opposed to "compulsory education beyond the age of 14".[5] One of its successes was to ban The Nation and The New Republic from public schools in California.[1][2][4] Some scholars have suggested the organization has influenced conservative politics in California to this day.[5] Pamphlets
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite journal|last1=Layton|first1=Edwin|title=The Better America Federation: A Case Study of Superpatriotism|journal=Pacific Historical Review|date=May 1961|volume=30|issue=2|pages=137–147|doi=10.2307/3636698|jstor=3636698|registration=yes}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Better America Foundation}}{{California-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=McWilliams|first1=Carey|title=Southern California: An Island on the Land|date=1946|publisher=Duell, Sloan & Pearce|location=New York|page=291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcCrQC8rBPgC&pg=PA291|oclc=488109}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=To Bear Down On Reds.|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SU19200507.2.58|accessdate=July 14, 2016|publisher=Sacramento Union|date=May 7, 1920|page=3}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Talbert|first1=Roy|title=Negative Intelligence: The Army and the American Left, 1917-1941|date=2008|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Oxford, Mississippi|isbn=9780878054954|url=|oclc=22704019}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Beekman|first1=Scott|last2=George|first2=Alice L.|last3=Watts|first3=Linda S.|title=Social History of the United States: The 1920s|date=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=9781851099726|pages=251–253|oclc=226037746|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xypn4djxVD4C&pg=RA2-PA251}} 2 : 1920 establishments in California|Economy of Los Angeles |
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