| 词条 | Westerham |
| 释义 |
|country = England |static_image_name = Westerham.jpg |static_image_caption = A view across Westerham Green |coordinates = {{coord|51.27134|0.07005|display=inline,title}} |official_name = Westerham |population = 4,475 |population_ref = (2011) |civil_parish = Westerham |shire_district = Sevenoaks | shire_county = Kent |region = South East England |constituency_westminster = Sevenoaks |post_town = WESTERHAM |postcode_district = TN16 |postcode_area = TN |dial_code = 01959 |os_grid_reference = TQ445545 }}{{see also|Feldkirchen-Westerham}} Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England, located {{convert|5|mi|km|sigfig=1}} west of Sevenoaks. It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy, Oistreham in 1086). Hām is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills. HistoryThere is evidence that the area around Westerham has been settled for thousands of years: finds such as a Celtic fortification (c 2000 BC) and a Roman road are close by, along with the remains of a Roman encampment just past the ruins of a tower south of the town at the summit of Tower Woods.{{CN|date=June 2016}} The tower dates back to the 18th century, and was originally constructed by the owners of Squerryes Court as a folly for their children's amusement.{{CN|date=June 2016}} The manor was originally run by Godwin, Earl of Wessex and later by his son Harold Godwinson the last Saxon King of England. The first Norman lord of Westerham was Eustace II of Boulogne, and the town appears in the Domesday Book as Oistreham. By 1227 Henry III granted Westerham a market charter, making the new village a major player in the buying and selling of cattle in Kent, a tradition that survived to 1961 when the last cattle market was held. St Mary's Church is thought to date from the 13th century, although it is much altered in Victorian times. In 1503 the Protestant martyr John Frith was born in the town. The church is unusual in that it displays the only known representation of a royal arms of King Edward VI (reigned 1547–1553) in a church. There is little doubt that it is the king's arms as the supporters are a lion and a dragon, and there is a curious Latin phrase beside the arms: "VIVAT REX CURAT LEX" (Long live the King, custodian of the law). England did not have another male monarch until the Union of the Crowns in 1603.[1] In 1596, there was a peculiar subsidence of a hill measuring 80 by 28 perches, which was transformed into a dale.[2] General James Wolfe was born in the town in 1727 at what is now known as the Old Vicarage due to a terrible storm on the night he was born. He lived in Quebec House – many streets and buildings are named after him and St Mary's contains not only the font in which he was baptised but also a memorial window to him by Edward Burne-Jones. The town square contains statues to both Wolfe and Churchill. Interior and exterior scenes for the 2009 BBC mini-series Emma were shot at Squerryes Court with the house appearing as Emma Woodhouse's home Hartfield, while exterior scenes were shot at Chilham, Kent.[3] Alice Liddell, cited as the inspiration for Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland lived in the Vicarage for a brief period. Alice rented 'The Breaches' just before she died and then when she became very ill she went to stay with her sister Rhoda at Hoseyrigge in Westerham. She was born at Westminster and when she died aged 82 a memorial service was held for her at St Mary's Church. She was not buried in Westerham. Record producer Brian Higgins, whose Xenomania production team produced hit singles and albums for artists such as Girls Aloud, Kylie Minogue, Sugababes, Pet Shop Boys, Texas and Franz Ferdinand, now occupy what used to be known as the Old Vicarage.BBC Children's TV founders Freda Lingstrom and Maria Bird lived together in Westerham and named their production company Westerham Arts which was commissioned by the BBC to create The Woodentops, Andy Pandy, Muffin the Mule and Bill and Ben the Flower Pot Men.[4] During a January 1967 visit to Knole Park in Sevenoaks to shoot a promotional film for Strawberry Fields Forever and Penny Lane, John Lennon stopped at a Westerham antiques shop and purchased a poster for Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal, which later inspired the song, "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!"[5] As well as the parish church (a Grade II*-listed building),[6] there is a Grade II-listed chapel associated with the Congregational Federation[7][8] and a Roman Catholic church. Westerham Evangelical Congregational Church dates from 1839[7] and St John the Baptist's Catholic Parish Church opened in 1955.[9] EconomyWesterham was home to the Black Eagle Brewery, which was taken over by Taylor Walker & Co in the 1950s, becoming part of Ind Coope in 1959 and closing in 1965. Yeast from the brewery was preserved at the National Collection of Yeast Cultures and is now used by the present day Westerham Brewery which was established in 2004 by Robert Wicks.[10] The brewery produces a range of ales,[11] including Westerham British Bulldog.[12] Westerham was home to Crayford Engineering, a successful car conversion company, from 1962 to the 1980s, working from a workshop at Squerryes Mede. Chartwell{{Main|Chartwell}}In 1922 Winston Churchill MP purchased Chartwell Manor on the outskirts of Westerham, which, apart from the time he spent at 10 Downing Street, was his home for the rest of his life. Chartwell is now administered by the National Trust. There is a statue of Sir Winston Churchill on the village green at Westerham. It was sculpted by Oscar Nemon and stands on a base of Yugoslavian stone, the gift of Marshal Josip Broz Tito. TransportWesterham is served by several bus routes which provide links to Sevenoaks, Oxted and Bromley. Westerham is not served by rail services and the nearest station can be found in Oxted. Westerham is on the A25 road running along the Vale of Holmesdale, slightly south of the M25 motorway. The A233 road goes north to Biggin Hill and Bromley. Local sports clubsWesterham is home to a football team, Westerham football club. It was founded in 1888 and has been deeply rooted in football in Kent and Sevenoaks ever since.{{CN|date=October 2018}} They are located at King George V Playing Fields. Westerham has two ladies Netball teams. The 1st team compete in the Tunbridge Wells League at Division 3 in the Winter season. The Ladies 2's compete in the Tunbridge Wells League Division 4 in the winter. They play September through to July in both the Winter and Summer Leagues. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Hasler|first=Charles|title=The Royal Arms – Its Graphic And Decorative Development| publisher=Jupiter Books|date=1980|pages=87, 89, 134|ISBN=978-0904041200}} 2. ^British History Online: Westerham Parish, accessed July 2017 3. ^{{cite news |title= A classic setting|author= Adam Williams|newspaper= Kent Messenger (What's on section, p3)|date= 2 October 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Bear Alley web-site|url=http://bearalley.blogspot.co.uk/2007/05/maria-bird.html|access-date=12 November 2015}} 5. ^Turner, Steve, "A Hard Days Write" (1994). HarperCollins. 6. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1244024|accessdate=23 November 2012}} 7. ^1 {{National Heritage List for England|num=1243951|accessdate=23 November 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westerhamcongregationalchurch.co.uk/history/|title=History|publisher=Westerham Congregational Church|year=2012|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C9S2DmJc?url=http://www.westerhamcongregationalchurch.co.uk/history/|archivedate=13 November 2012|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westerhamcatholic.com/#/history/4556174286|title=A Short History by Christopher Bell|last=Bell|first=Christopher|year=2012|publisher=St John the Baptist, Westerham|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6C9S79vFH?url=http://www.westerhamcatholic.com/#/history/4556174286|archivedate=13 November 2012|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westerhambrewery.co.uk/|title=Westerham Brewery – Home Page|publisher=www.westerhambrewery.co.uk|accessdate=14 July 2009|last=|first=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://ratebeer.com/brewers//westerham/4890/|title=Westerham|publisher=ratebeer.com|accessdate=14 July 2009|last=|first=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://ratebeer.com/beer/westerham-british-bulldog-bb/36415/|title=Westerham British Bulldog BB from Westerham – Ratebeer|publisher=ratebeer.com|accessdate=14 July 2009|last=|first=}} External links{{Commons category|Westerham}}
5 : Villages in Kent|Civil parishes in Kent|Sevenoaks District|Towns in Kent|Market towns in Kent |
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