| 词条 | Western Culture (album) |
| 释义 |
| name = Western Culture | type = studio | artist = Henry Cow | cover = HenryCow AlbumCover WesternCulture.jpg | released = {{Start date|1979}} | recorded = January, July–August 1978 | studio = Sunrise Studios, Kirchberg, Switzerland | genre = {{Flatlist|
}} | length = {{Duration|m=36|s=27}} | label = Broadcast (UK) Celluloid (France) | producer = Henry Cow and Etienne Conod | prev_title = Concerts | prev_year = 1976 | next_title = The Virgin Years – Souvenir Box | next_year = 1991 }}{{Album ratings | rev1 = AllMusic | rev1Score = {{Rating|4|5}}[1] | rev2 = Pitchfork Media | rev2Score = 8.0/10[2] | rev3 = Christgau's Record Guide | rev3Score = A−[3] | noprose = yes }} Western Culture is a studio album by English avant-rock group Henry Cow, recorded at Sunrise Studios in Kirchberg, Switzerland in January, July and August 1978. It was their last album and was released on Henry Cow's own private label, Broadcast, in 1979. Later editions appeared on Interzone in the US and Celluloid in France. Only the UK Broadcast pressing used the custom label artwork design. BackgroundWestern Culture is an instrumental album which came about as a result of disagreements in the band as to what the composition of their next album should be. Recording had already begun at Sunrise Studios in January 1978 and some members were not happy about the predominance of song-oriented material. As a compromise it was agreed that two albums would be made: one of "songs" (released soon after as Hopes and Fears under the name of a new group Art Bears) and one of purely instrumental compositions. The group returned to Sunrise Studios in July that year to record the instrumental pieces for Western Culture, except "½ the Sky", which had been recorded during the January sessions. Henry Cow split up shortly after recording this album. RecordingThe Lindsay Cooper composition "½ the Sky" was named for Chairman Mao's dictum "Women hold up half the sky".[4]{{sfn|Cutler|2009|p=8}} "Viva Pa Ubu" (an outtake from the January recording sessions) was written by Tim Hodgkinson as the start of a musical production of Alfred Jarry's play Ubu Roi (Pa Ubu being a character in the play).{{sfn|Cutler|2009|p=11}} "Viva Pa Ubu" includes singing by the whole group, making the CD reissue no longer an instrumental. "Viva Pa Ubu" and "Slice" (an outtake from the July–August recording sessions) had been previously released on the Recommended Records Sampler (1982). During the recording sessions in July and August 1978, Henry Cow also recorded "Waking Against Sleep", a Fred Frith composition. This 2-minute piece had previously been performed live by the band under the title "The Herring People", and appeared in Volume 9: Late of The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set (2009). It was later recorded by Curlew under the title "Time and a Half", and appeared on their album, North America (1985), which was produced by Frith. "Waking Against Sleep" was never released by Henry Cow, but appeared on the 1990 CD re-issue of Frith's solo album, Gravity.{{sfn|Cutler|2009|p=8}} CD reissuesWestern Culture was reissued on CD by Broadcast in 1988 and East Side Digital Records in 1995. It was reissued and partially remastered by Bob Drake by Recommended Records in 2001 and East Side Digital in 2002 with three bonus tracks (one previously unreleased), new liner notes and photographs. The bonus tracks are listed in the wrong order in the booklet. Track listingRecorded at Sunrise Studio, Kirchberg, Switzerland on the dates indicated. {{tracklist| headline = Side one – History and Prospects | extra_column = Recorded | title1 = Industry | extra1 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer1 = Hodgkinson | length1 = 6:58 | title2 = The Decay of Cities | extra2 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer2 = Hodgkinson | length2 = 6:55 | title3 = On the Raft | extra3 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer3 = Hodgkinson | length3 = 4:01 }}{{tracklist | headline = Side two – Day by Day | extra_column = Recorded | title4 = Falling Away | extra4 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer4 = Cooper | length4 = 7:38 | title5 = Gretels Tale | extra5 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer5 = Cooper | length5 = 3:58 | title6 = Look Back | extra6 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer6 = Cooper | length6 = 1:19 | title7 = ½ the Sky | extra7 = 15–29 January 1978 | writer7 = Cooper, Hodgkinson | length7 = 5:14 }}{{tracklist | headline = 2001 and 2002 CD re-issue bonus tracks | extra_column = Recorded | title8 = | note8 = silence only | writer8 = | length8 = 1:29 | title9 = Viva Pa Ubu | extra9 = 15–29 January 1978 | writer9 = Hodgkinson | length9 = 4:28 | title10 = Look Back (alt) | extra10 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer10 = Cooper | length10 = 1:21 | title11 = Slice | extra11 = 26 July – 8 August 1978 | writer11 = Cooper | length11 = 0:36 }} Personnel
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Couture|first=François|title=Western Culture|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r9252|pure_url=yes}}|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=15 June 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Leone|first=Dominique|authorlink=Dominique Leone|title=Western Culture|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/3817-western-culture/|publisher=Pitchfork Media|accessdate=23 July 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Christgau|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Christgau|title=Henry Cow|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=579&name=Henry+Cow|work=Christgau's Record Guide|accessdate=15 June 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-Olympics/idUSSYD20777320080811|title=For Chen, women hold up half the sky|last=Hardach|first=Sophie|date=11 August 2008|work=Reuters|accessdate=18 March 2009}} Works cited
External links
4 : 1979 albums|Henry Cow albums|Celluloid Records albums|Recommended Records albums |
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