| 词条 | Bharatmala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Bharatmala_Pariyojana.png | country = India | primeminister = Narendra Modi | key_people = Nitin Gadkari | ministry = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways | established = {{Start date and age|2015|07|31|df=y}} }}{{Politics of India}}Bharatmala Pariyojana is a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the Government of India.[1] The total investment for {{cvt|83677|km|mi}}[2] committed new highways is estimated at {{INRConvert|5.35|lc}}, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of December 2017). The project will build highways from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan states - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand - and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal , Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram.[1] Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas. Bharatmala will connect 550 district headquarters (from current 300) to minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to national highways by connecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total {{cvt|8000|km|mi}}, 116 feeder routes (FR) of total {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} and 7 north east multimodal waterway ports.[4] The ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing highway projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998. It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Sagarmala, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Industrial corridors, UDAN-RCS, BharatNet, Digital India and Make in India. ScopeContextIndia's {{cvt|5482000|km|mi}} road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~110,000 km) are national highways (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.[2] Bharatmala phase-I will raise the NH connection to a total of 77% or 550 districts out of total 716 districts[3] from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017).[2] Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the India's freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.[4] {{anchor | National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation | NHIDCL }} NHIDCLNational Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation (NHIDCL) was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways by the Government of India to expedite construction of National Highway projects with specific focus on Northeast India.[4][5]{{anchor | Central Road Fund (CRF) | Central Road Fund | CRF }} Central Road Fund (CRF)Central Road Fund (CRF) was created as a non-lapsable fund under the "Central Road Fund Act 2000", by imposing a cess on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade National Highways, State roads, rural roads, railway under/over bridges etc, and national waterways.[6]ImpactBharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:[4]
ComponentsNational Highways Development Project (NHDP)NHDP project covers {{cvt|48793|km|mi}}, including {{cvt|28915|km|mi}} completed, {{cvt|10574|km|mi}} under construction and {{cvt|9,304|km|mi}} left for award (as of May 2017).[7] The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala.[2]National Corridors (NC)National Corridors of India (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in Golden Quadrilateral and 2 in North–South and East–West Corridors. Including Mumbai - Kolkata Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of India's freight.[2] Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors.[2] Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC.[2] Busiest stretches of National Corridors will converted to the expressways.[2] {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridor and {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes will be built.[2] Additionally {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of border roads and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.[2]National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) entails {{cvt|5000|km|mi}} phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 28 ring roads of 6 NC.[2][4]New ring roads in Bharatmala include: {{Div col |colwidth=6em}}
Economic corridorsEconomic Corridors of India or Industrial Corridors of India, 44 corridors {{cvt|26200|km|mi}} were identified and {{cvt|9000|km|mi}} will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:[8] 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.[8][2]List of 44 economic corridors (EC):[8] {{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
Logistics parks24 logistics parks entailing 45% of India's freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).[8] {{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
Northeast India connectivityNorth East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on Brahmaputra on the bharatmala route (slide 21).[8] {{Div col|colwidth=10em}}
International connectivity{{see also|Ministry_for_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region#Northeast_India_connectivity_projects| label 1 = Northeast connectivity projects | India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity | label 2 = Look-East connectivity}}Look-East Connectivity will be further developed in the Bharatmala routes (slide 22).[8]
Finance
Implementation phases: 2017-2022The plan envisages the construction of {{cvt|83677|km|mi}} roads, including {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} of additional highways and roads across the country,[12] apart from an existing plan of building {{cvt|48877|km|mi}} of new highways by the National Highway Authority of India.[11] Bharatmala has synergy with Sagarmala.[45] Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2019The total length of {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2019, including {{cvt|24800|km|mi}} of new highways and another {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under NHDP.[13][14][12][15]
Phase-II: 48,877 kmTBD. ReferencesExternal links
See also
Citations1. ^1 {{citation |title=Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned {{INRConvert|14000|c}} road from Gujarat to Mizoram |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network |date=29 April 2015 |work=The Economic Times |location=New Delhi }} {{Government Schemes in India}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I 3. ^Directory of districts in India. 4. ^National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October, Economic Times, 9 Oct 9 2014. 5. ^NHIDCL intro. 6. ^What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?, Indian Economy. 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nhai.gov.in/about-nhdp.htm|title=About NHDP {{!}} National Highways Authority of India, Government of India|website=nhai.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-02-03}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bharatmala presentation 9. ^{{citation |title=Govt plans Bharat Mala, a 5,000km road network |url=http://timesofindia.com/india/Govt-plans-Bharat-Mala-a-5000km-road-network/articleshow/47102122.cms |date=30 April 2015 |location=New Delhi |work=The Times of India }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 new release 11. ^1 2 Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala, Economic Times, 24 Dec 2017. 12. ^1 2 3 {{citation |title=Ministry proposes construction of 20,000 km of roads under Bharat Mala project |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry |date=9 January 2016 |work=The Economic Times |location=New Delhi }} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/first-phase-of-bharatmala-pariyojana-to-start-by-end-of-2018-gadkari-2419571.cms|title=First phase of Bharatmala Pariyojana to start by end of 2018: Gadkari|website=Moneycontrol|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-29}} 14. ^1 Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister, First Post, 25 Oct 2017. 15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/highway-construction-target-for-nitin-gadkari-led-road-transport-ministry-is-30-km-per-day-too-much-of-a-stretch/701339/|title=Highway construction target for Nitin Gadkari-led Road Transport Ministry: Is 30 km per day too much of a stretch?|date=2017-06-05|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-08-08|language=en-US}} 2 : Modi administration initiatives|Proposed road infrastructure in India |
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