| 词条 | Big Bog, Maui |
| 释义 |
| name = Big Bog | photo = Big-Bog-Haleakala.jpg | photo_caption = Rain gauge on a ridge overlooking the Big Bog | elevation_ft = 5400 | elevation_ref = | prominence_ft = | prominence_ref= | listing = | location = Maui, Hawaii, United States | map = USA Hawaii | coordinates = {{coord|20|44|07|N|156|06|20|W|type:mountain_region:US_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} }} The Big Bog on the island of Maui is the largest high-altitude bog in the Hawaiian Islands. It is on the border between Hāna Forest Reserve and Haleakalā National Park. It is alleged to be one of the wettest places on earth, with a reported annual rainfall of {{convert|404|in|mm}}[1] for the period 1992-2018. ClimateThe Big Bog has a Tropical rainforest climate (Af), with no observable dry season and nearly constant torrential rainfall. Prior to the establishment of the station there in 1992, rainfall for Big Bog was estimated at around 4,600 mm (180 inches) per year. However, the first full year of recorded data showed 13,995 mm (551 inches) of rainfall, which is one of the highest annual rainfall totals measured in the Hawaiian Islands.[2] Since then, the annual average has been recorded as {{convert|404|in|mm}}. Clear days are essentially nonexistent, and even when it isn't raining, it is almost certainly cloudy or foggy. The lack of adequate drainage has caused moisture to accumulate, forming the bog.[2] {{Weather box|location = Big Bog (HN-164) 1993-2011 |single line = Y | width = |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 817.0 |Feb rain mm = 633.6 |Mar rain mm = 1322.7 |Apr rain mm = 978.1 |May rain mm = 648.2 |Jun rain mm = 724.2 |Jul rain mm = 833.0 |Aug rain mm = 788.5 |Sep rain mm = 662.2 |Oct rain mm = 973.1 |Nov rain mm = 965.8 |Dec rain mm = 925.0 |year rain mm = |source = [2] }} CausesThe Big Bog lies at {{convert|5400|ft}}, very close to the trade wind inversion layer, leading to persistent transport of moisture rich air by the northeast trade winds up the steep mountain slopes. These trade winds condense to form clouds and precipitation. Its moniker as the cloudiest place in the Hawaiian Islands is verified by the fact that its average solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration are the lowest amongst recorded locations, and relative humidity and cloud attenuation are the highest.[3] Comparison with Mount WaialealeWhile the summit of Mount Waialeale has long been considered the wettest place in the Hawaiian Islands,[4] and thus Oceania, the Big Bog has a higher 30-year average. [https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?hi6565 NOAA] reports Wai’ale’ale's annual rainfall as 373.85 inches (9495.8mm),[5] while the University of Hawaii at Manoa reports the Big Bog's as 404.3 inches, or 10,271 mm. This would make the Big Bog the wettest location in the Hawaiian Islands and in Oceania, although many amateur sources cite Mount Wai'ale'ale's precipitation as higher. See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/new-wettest-location-for-the-usa-discovered.html | title = New Wettest Location for U.S.A. Discovered? | last = Burt | first = Christopher | date = 15 May 2012 | website = Wunderground | publisher = Weather Underground | access-date = 30 August 2018 | quote = "30-year mean precipitation at Big Bog for the POR of 1978-2007 is 404.4”. }} 2. ^{{cite web | url = http://rainfall.geography.hawaii.edu/interactivemap.html | title = Hawaii rainfall interactive map | last = Giambelluca, Frasier, Diaz, Needham | first = T.W., A.G., H.F., H.L. | date = 2016 | website = Rainfall atlas of Hawaii | publisher = University of Hawaii | access-date = 5 September 2018}} 3. ^1 2 {{Citation | last = Longman | first = R.J. | last2 = Giambelluca | first2 = T.W. | title = Climatology of Haleakala | journal = Climatology of Haleakalā Technical Report No. 193. | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–106 | date = 2015 }} 4. ^{{cite web | url = https://kukuiula.com/mount-waialeale/ | title = The Second Wettest Spot on Earth, Mount Wai‘ale‘ale on Kaua‘i | date = 27 January 2015 | website = Kukui'ula | publisher = Kukui'ula | access-date = 30 August 2018 | quote = "Wai’ale’ale means “rippling water” or “overflowing water” in Hawaiian and is the second wettest spot on earth”. }} 5. ^{{cite web | url = https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?hi6565 | title = MT WAIALEALE 1047, HAWAII (516565) | date = 1 August 2008 | website = WRCC | publisher = NOAA | access-date = 30 August 2018 }} 1 : Geography of Maui |
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