| 词条 | Weston A. Price Foundation |
| 释义 |
| name = Weston A. Price Foundation | logo = | type = | founded_date = {{Start date|1999}} | founder = Sally Fallon Mary G. Enig, PhD | location = Washington, D.C. | origins = | key_people = | area_served = | product = | focus = Nutrition Education | method = | revenue = $1,555,781[1] | revenue_year = 2015 | expenses = $1,707,156[1] | expenses_year = 2015 | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = c. 13,000 | subsid = | owner = | Non-profit_slogan = | homepage = westonaprice.org | dissolved = | footnotes = }} The Weston A. Price Foundation (WAPF), co-founded in 1999 by Sally Fallon (Morell) and nutritionist Mary G. Enig, is a U.S. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to "restoring nutrient-dense foods to the American diet through education, research and activism."[2] The foundation has been criticized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its advocacy of drinking raw milk[4] and by various nutritionists, including Joel Fuhrman, for its advocacy of the health benefits of animal-based fats. Weston Price{{Main|Weston Price}}Price was a dentist from Cleveland, Ohio, whose 1939 book, Nutrition and Physical Degeneration,[3] describes the fieldwork he did in the 1920s and 1930s among various world cultures, with the original goal of recording and studying the dental health and development of pre-industrial populations .[3] OrganizationThe President of the foundation is Sally Fallon Morell. According to the WAPF, she received a B.A. in English from Stanford University and an M.A. in English from UCLA.[7] The foundation has seven board members and numerous honorary board members, most of whom have medical or nutritional qualifications.[4][5] In 2010, its membership numbered 13,000 and was growing at an annual rate of 10%, according to The Washington Post.[6] Its main sources of support are the dues and contributions of its members. It does not receive funding from the government or the food processing and agribusiness industries. It does accept sponsorships, exhibitors and advertising from small companies by invitation, whose products are in line with its principles.[7][8] The sponsors include grass-fed meat and wild fish producers, as well as health product companies. The foundation states it is dedicated to "restoring nutrient-dense foods to the human diet... [and] supporting particular movements that contribute to this objective including accurate nutrition instruction, biodynamic and organic farming, pasture-feeding of livestock, community-supported agriculture, honest and informative labelling, prepared parenting and nurturing therapies. Specific goals include establishment of universal access to certified raw milk and a ban on the use of soy in infant formulas. The organization actively lobbies in Washington DC on issues such as government USDA dietary guidelines definition and composition of school lunch programs."[9] PublicationsThe WAPF publishes a quarterly journal called Wise Traditions in Food, Farming, and the Healing Arts, ʼ an annual shopping guide which lists products made from organic, non-GMO ingredients, and are prepared using traditional and artisan methods. Dietary recommendations{{See also|Diet (nutrition)#Traditional diet|l1=Traditional diet}}The foundation's recommendations include the consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods including: traditional fats (animal fats, dairy fats, olive oil, and cod liver oil, among others), organic fruits and vegetables, raw dairy products, soured or lacto-fermented dairy and vegetables (such as sauerkraut), whole grains (soaked or soured to neutralize their phytic acid), and bone stocks.[10] The foundation is known for its positive stance towards the consumption of saturated fats and cholesterol from traditional foods,[11] its support of local food and farms, and its opposition to veganism and some aspects of vegetarianism. ActivismThe Weston A. Price Foundation is a lobbying group that seeks to ban infant soy formula, and advocates a nutrient-dense diet of whole foods, including animal fats. Board of Directors member Kaayla Daniel has released a book titled: The Whole Soy Story: The Dark Side of America's Favorite Health Food.[12]{{further|United States raw milk debate}} The Foundation is an advocate for the consumption of unpasteurized milk, or raw milk. One of its goals is to remove health regulations requiring pasteurization of milk products, so that raw milk can be legally purchased in all states. Supporters of this campaign believe pasteurization removes or destroys beneficial parts of raw milk, leading to a less healthy product that is associated with numerous diseases.[13] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Food and Drug Administration disagree with this, noting that the pasteurization process "does not significantly change the nutritional value of milk" and that consumption of raw milk poses a "severe health risk". They point out that prior to the widespread use of pasteurization, many diseases were commonly transmitted by raw milk, while by 2005 they made up less than 1% of food and water contamination disease outbreaks.[14][15]. The director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Division of Plant- and Dairy-Food Safety, John Sheehan, called the organization's claims on the health benefits and safety of raw milk "false, devoid of scientific support, and misleading to consumers"[16] Established with the help of the Foundation in July 2007, the Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund aims to protect the rights of farmers to provide meat, eggs, raw dairy products, vegetables and other foods directly to consumers. This includes protecting consumers' "freedom of choice to consume raw milk," according to Pete Kennedy, president of the Fund. In the first year of its operation, it raised over $350,000 and receives around three requests for assistance per week from farmers in the United States facing legal or bureaucratic challenges in relation to sales of raw milk.[17] Criticism{{criticism section|date=September 2015}}John Robbins has written a critique in which he reviews the history of the Weston Price Foundation and provides evidence that Weston Price had recommended a vegetarian and dairy diet to his own family members as the healthiest diet.[18] The foundation has cited Price to the effect that he did not recommend a vegetarian diet.[19] The anti-vegetarian and anti-soy views of the foundation have also been criticized as "myths" in several publications.[20][21][22]Joel Fuhrman has written a series of articles entitled "The truth about the Weston Price Foundation" in which he argues the Foundation is a purveyor of "nutritional myths", largely because they have failed to update their recommendations in light of contradictory evidence.[23]Quackwatch describes the Foundation as promoting "questionable dietary strategies" and Price's core assumptions as contrary to contemporary medical understanding.[24]Science-Based Medicine evaluated the medical and nutritional claims of the Weston Price Foundation and concludes the website is "one of the worst on the internet" [25] due to misleading and false information. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/522/522193975/522193975_201512_990.pdf | title=The Weston A. Price Foundation | date= | website=Foundation Center | accessdate=7 July 2017 }} 2. ^{{cite web| last = Fallon | first = Sally |author2=Mary Enig |author3=Bill Sanda| title = Comments to the 2005 U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee| date = January 16, 2004| url = http://bachlab.balbach.net/wap_senate2005.pdf }} 3. ^1 {{cite book| author = Weston A. Price|author2=David Barold |author3=Earnest A. Hooten |author4=William A. Albrecht |author5=Granville F. Knight | title = Nutrition and Physical Degeneration| date = January 2008| isbn = 978-0-916764-20-3 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.westonaprice.org/board.html|title=Board of Directors|publisher= The Weston A. Price Foundation}} 5. ^Wise Traditions in Food, Farming and the Healing Arts, Vol.9 No.2 (Summer 2008), p. 2. 6. ^Black, Jane (2008-08-06) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/05/AR2008080501000.html The Great Divide: Who Says Good Nutrition Means Animal Fats? Weston A. Price.], Washington Post 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westonaprice.org/funding.html|title=WAPF Funding|publisher=The Weston A. Price Foundation}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westonaprice.org/conference/2007/index.html|title=2007 Conference Sponsorships|publisher=The Weston A. Price Foundation}} 9. ^Sally Fallon, Mary Enig PhD., Bill Sanda, Comments on the Report of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, September 27, 2004 10. ^{{cite web|title=WAPF: Dietary Guidelines |url=http://www.westonaprice.org/basicnutrition/dietguidelines.html |accessdate=July 25, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715082914/http://westonaprice.org/basicnutrition/dietguidelines.html |archivedate=July 15, 2009 }} 11. ^{{cite web|title=WAPF: Know Your Fats |url=http://www.westonaprice.org/knowyourfats/index.html |accessdate=July 25, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714112607/http://www.westonaprice.org/knowyourfats/index.html |archivedate=July 14, 2009 }} 12. ^About The Foundation. Retrieved June 17, 2010. 13. ^{{cite web|title=What is Real Milk?|url=http://www.realmilk.com/what.html|publisher=The Weston A. Price Foundation|accessdate=July 6, 2011|date=January 2000}} 14. ^{{cite journal |author=Lejeune JT, Rajala-Schultz PJ |title=Food safety: unpasteurized milk: a continued public health threat |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=93–100 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19053805 |doi=10.1086/595007 |url=}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/raw-milk-index.html|title=Raw Milk - Food Safety |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=2017-06-08 }} 16. ^1 [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304370304575151663770115120 "A Clash Over Unpasteurized Milk Gets Raw"], Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2010 17. ^{{cite news |author = Mary B. Worthington |url=http://farmtoconsumer.org/news/aa-09jul2008.html |title = Fighting For A New Freedom Of Choice |work = The Bulletin | date = July 8, 2008 |accessdate =March 16, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web | last = Robbins | first = John | title = Reflections on the Weston A. Price Foundation | url = http://www.vegsource.com/news/2009/11/reflections-on-the-weston-a-price-foundation.html}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westonaprice.org/basics/the-right-price|title=The Right Price|publisher=The Weston A. Price Foundation}} 20. ^{{cite news | last = Butler | first = Justine | title = Ignore the anti-soya scaremongers |work=The Guardian |location=London | url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jul/01/anti-soya-brigade-ignore-scaremongering | date=July 1, 2010}} 21. ^{{cite web | last = Oser| first = Marie| title = Soy of Cooking| url = http://www.vegsource.com/talk/soy/messages/126.html | accessdate =July 25, 2009}} 22. ^See also: John Robbins' The Truth About Soy 23. ^{{cite web | last = Fuhrman| first = Joel| title = The Truth About the Weston Price Foundation| url = http://www.vegsource.com/articles2/fuhrman_dietary_myths.htm}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/holisticdent.html|author=Stephen Barrett, M.D|title=Stay Away from 'Holistic Dentistry'|accessdate=February 11, 2007|publisher=Quackwatch}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/sbm-weston-prices-appalling-legacy/|title=Weston Price's Appalling Legacy|first=Harriet|last= Hall |authorlink=Harriet A. Hall|date=October 13, 2015|website=Science-Based Medicine}} External links
8 : Organizations established in 1999|Advocacy groups in the United States|Agricultural economics|Alternative medicine organizations|Food politics|Medical and health foundations in the United States|Health campaigns|Organic food |
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