| 词条 | Blackrock Island (Mayo) |
| 释义 |
| name = Blackrock | image_name = | image_caption = | map = Ireland | label = Blackrock Island | | nickname = | location = Off coast of County Mayo, Ireland | coordinates = {{Coord|54.0669|-10.3205|display=inline}} | archipelago = | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = | length_km = 0.4 | width_km = 0.25 | highest_mount = {{convert|82|m|ft}} (approximate) | elevation_m = | population = Uninhabited | population_as_of = | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = | country = IRL | additional_info = }}{{Infobox lighthouse | name = Blackrock (Mayo) Lighthouse[1][2] | image_name = | image_width = | caption = Blackrock (Mayo) Lighthouse | location = Blackrock Island, Off coast of County Mayo, Ireland | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{Coord|54|4|0.67|N|10|19|12.66|W|display=inline,title}} | yearbuilt = 1864 | yearlit = 1864 | automated = 1974 | yeardeactivated = | foundation = | construction = local stone from island | shape = round rower | marking = white | height = {{convert|15|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|86|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = | intensity = | range = W {{convert|20|nmi|km}}, R {{convert|16|nmi|km}} | characteristic = Fl WR 12s | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = A6270 | canada = | NGA = 7388 | ARLHS = IRE-010 | USCG = | country = Ireland | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Commissioners of Irish Lights | heritage = | module = }}Blackrock Island ({{Coord|54|4|0.67|N|10|19|12.66|W|display=inline}}; {{lang-ga|An Tor}}) is a rocky island rising to a height of 70 metres above sea level and located northwest of Achill Island approximately 12 miles west of Blacksod Bay.[3] Typical rainfall is 72 inches per annum, and the island is often shrouded in mist.[4] It is visible from near the Glosh Tower on the Mullet Peninsula, with reference to the other islands in the area, is sometimes described as the "one that looks like a volcano".[5] There is a small rocky islet 125m to the east with a length of 80m. There are about five rocky islets including Fish Rock, Carrickaduff and Carrackabrown spread 1km to 2km in a generally westwards direction. Waters around Blackrock IslandThe waters around Blackrock Island are noted for large ocean swells and waves, as evidenced by the difficulties faced in relieving the lighthouse keepers and with Rescue 116 helicopter wreckage recovery in 2017.[6] Water depths descend to 40m within a kilometer of the island, with depths of 60m and lower more typical towards Achill Island.[7] The Blackrock grounds are popular with sea anglers due to the attracting of larger fish species: Blue Shark; Porbeagle;Halibut and Bluefin tuna.[8][9][10] Blackrock LighthouseThe lighthouse on Blackrock Island was constructed in 1864. It is a 50 foot high round stone tower with lantern and gallery attached to a single storey keeper's house. The lighthouse is painted white. It is one of Ireland's most remote lighthouses and the most westerly lighthouse off the Mayo Coast. It was converted to unmanned in 1974 after which the island became uninhabited. The lighthouse was converted to solar power in 1999.[1][4] The resident lighthouse keeper of Blacksod Lighthouse on the mainland, which is still manned, is also responsible for maintaining the Blackrock lighthouse. Inspection and maintenance visits are periodically made by helicopter (via a helipad on the island), the only way to get to the island on a regular basis. In order to accommodate work-crews on extended maintenance and repair jobs at the lighthouse, one of the old keepers houses has been restored.[2] Accidents and incidents associated with the islandLoss of lighthouse keeper Patrick MonaghanIn September 1937 the then lighthouse-keeper, Patrick Monaghan, was swept from the lighthouse by a freak wave. The visit of his descendents to the island is described in the RTÉ radio documentary 'Good Day at Blackrock'.[11] Attack by German bomber in 1940On 20 August 1940, a German bomber attacking the SS Macville which was passing close to the island damaged several lantern panes and the roof.[12][1] A Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor of Kampfgeschwader 40 was claimed to have dropped two SD250 bombs and damaged a freighter southwest of Blacksod (possibly the SS Macville) on this date,[13] with other sources confirming damage (though no confirmed casualties) to the SS Macville.[14][15] Stranding of Lighthouse Keepers in the Winter of 1942-1943[6]Three lighthouse keepers were stranded on Blackrock Island in the winter of 1942-42 during the Emergency in World War II. Storms were particularly ferocious in this period and the landing stage and associated derricks were destroyed in the gales. The keepers, who normally expected to be supplied every 10 days, initially started with reduced supplies due to being subject to rationing in the emergency were at points critically low on supplies. Captain John Padden at considerable risk made several resupply attempts and supply baskets on a few occasions were successfully thrown to the island. On February 17th, 1943 in a short lull he was able to relieve Walter Coupe(117 days) and Michael O'Conner(~ 90 days). Jack Scott the principal keeper remained to direct recovery operations. 2017 Irish Coast Guard Rescue 116 crash{{see|2017 Irish Coast Guard Rescue 116 crash}}On March 14th, 2017 the Irish coast guard Rescue R116 helicopter impacted the island with the wreckage coming to rest in 40m of water south west of the island with four persons lost. Omission of Blackrock Island from terrain databasesThe preliminary report of the Air Accident Investigation Unit had found that (as of March 2017) Blackrock Island had been omitted or had an incorrect and significantly lower height in some terrain and obstacle databases.[16][17] References1. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.irishlights.ie/tourism/our-lighthouses/black-rock-(mayo).aspx|title=Tourism / Our Lighthouses / Black Rock (Mayo)|accessdate=2017-03-26}} 2. ^1 {{cite rowlett|irlw|date=2009-11-05 |accessdate=2010-06-26}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.guide-irlande.com/sites-touristiques/blackrock-mayo/|title=Le Blackrock Mayo|accessdate=2017-03-22}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/lighthouse-may-be-automated-but-life-on-the-rock-is-a-must-1.147461 |accessdate=2017-03-22|date=1999-02-01|publisher=Irish Times|title=Lighthouse may be automated but life on the rock is a must}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://irishlighthouses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/blackrock-light-mayo.html|title=Blackrock Light, Mayo|accessdate=2017-03-23|date=2012-04-14}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.advertiser.ie/mayo/article/89383/the-siege-of-blackrock-lighthouse|accessdate=2017-03-28|date=2017|title=The siege of Blackrock Lighthouse}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://fishing-app.gpsnauticalcharts.com/i-boating-fishing-web-app/fishing-marine-charts-navigation.html#12/54.0356/-10.3054|accessdate=2017-03-28|publisher=Marine Navigation App|title=Online chart viewer}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/sea/northwest/belmullet.htm|title=Fishing in Ireland|accessdate=2017-03-28|date=2009|page=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/publications/ballina/NWRRFBSeaAnglingGuideSpread.pdf|title=A GUIDE TO SEA ANGLING IN THE NORTH WESTERN FISHERIES REGION|page=38|last=Dunlop|first=Norman}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Walsh|first=David|isbn=9781906095376|publisher=Pesda Press|title=Oileáin – 2nd Edition: The Irish Islands Guide|pages=163-164|edition=2nd|publication-date=2014-03-01|url=http://www.oileain.org/index.php/viewdownload-oileain/|id=F483-156|accessdate=2017-04-02}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/radio1/doconone/2011/0613/646705-the-curious-ear-doconone-good-day-at-blackrock/ |title=Good Day At Blackrock|publisher=RTE|accessdate=2017-03-22}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lakeeffectliving.com/Feb12/Lighthouses-Ireland.html|accessdate=2017-03-22|publisher=Lake Effect Living|title=Lighting The Emerald Isle: IRISH LIGHTHOUSES}} 13. ^{{cite book |date=2016-08-16 |title=Fw 200 Condor Units of World War 2|publisher=Osprey Publishing |page=89 |isbn=9781472812674}} 14. ^{{cite book |date=2011-07-01 |title=WORLD WAR II SEA WAR Volume 2: FRANCE FALLS, BRITAIN STANDS ALONE: Day-to-Day Naval Actions from April 1940 through September 1940 |publisher=Bertke Publications|isbn=9781937470005 }} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fotoflite.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=NULL&product_id=333903&category_id=2&manufacturer_id=0&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=11&vmcchk=1&Itemid=11|accessdate=2017-03-23|title=General Cargo Ship MACVILLE}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/island-obstacle-was-not-on-crews-warning-system-35622179.html|title=Island 'obstacle' was not on crew's warning system|date=14 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017|last=Schiller|first=Robin|publisher=Irish Independent}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aaiu.ie/sites/default/files/report-attachments/REPORT%202017-006%20PRELIMINARY.pdf|title=Sikorsky S-92A, EI-ICR Black Rock, Co. Mayo, Ireland 14 March 2017 PRELIMINARY REPORT|access-date=15 April 2017|date=13 April 2017|page=15|publisher=AAUI}} External links
7 : Islands of County Mayo|1940 in Ireland|Battle of the Atlantic|Military history of Ireland|Maritime incidents in Ireland|Lighthouses in the Republic of Ireland|Lighthouses on the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |
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