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词条 West Yorkshire
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

     Green belt 

  3. Climate

  4. Governance

  5. Demography

  6. Economy

     Industries  Film and television productions  Tourism 

  7. Transport

  8. Sport

  9. Places of interest

     Historic environment  Museums  Natural environment  Waterways 

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. Sources

  13. External links

{{about|the metropolitan county|its former council|West Yorkshire County Council|the historic subdivision of Yorkshire|West Riding of Yorkshire}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}{{short description|County of England}}{{infobox English county
| official_name = West Yorkshire
| locator_map =
| coordinates = {{coord|53|45|N|1|40|W|region:GB_type:adm1st|display=title, inline}}
| region = Yorkshire and the Humber
| established_date = 1 April 1974
| preceded_by = West Riding of Yorkshire
| origin = Local Government Act 1972
| lord_lieutenant_office = Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire
| lord_lieutenant_name = Ingrid Roscoe
| high_sheriff_office = High Sheriff of West Yorkshire
| high_sheriff_name = Charles R Jackson[1] (2018/19)
| area_total_km2 = 2029
| area_total_rank = 29th
| ethnicity = 81.8% White
11.6% S. Asian
2.1% Mixed
2.1% Black
2.4% Other
| government = West Yorkshire Combined Authority
| admin_hq = Leeds
| ons_code = 2F
| gss_code = E11000006
| nuts_code = UKE4
| districts_map =
| districts_key = Metropolitan districts
| districts_list =
  1. City of Leeds
  2. City of Wakefield
  3. Kirklees
  4. Calderdale
  5. City of Bradford

| MPs = List of MPs
| police = West Yorkshire Police
| website = {{URL|www.westyorks-ca.gov.uk}}
}}West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.[2]

West Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and is bordered by the counties of Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, Lancashire to the north-west, North Yorkshire to the north and east, and South Yorkshire to the south and south-east.

Remnants of strong coal, wool and iron ore industries remain in the county, having attracted people over the centuries, and this can be seen in the buildings and architecture. Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and two major motorways traverse the county, which also contains Leeds Bradford International Airport.

West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 so its five districts became effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of {{convert|2029|km2|sqmi}}, continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.[3][4][5] Since 1 April 2014 West Yorkshire has been a combined authority area, with the local authorities pooling together some functions over transport and regeneration as the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

West Yorkshire includes the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the biggest and most built-up urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.

History

{{See also|History of Leeds|History of Yorkshire}}

West Yorkshire was formed as a metropolitan county in 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, and corresponds roughly to the core of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire and the county boroughs of Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, and Wakefield.

West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield, opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been the headquarters of Wakefield City Council.[6]

The county initially had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services.[7] In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs; joint-boards covering fire, police and public transport; and to other special joint arrangements.[8] Organisations such as the West Yorkshire Metro (governed by the West Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner) continue to operate on this basis.

Although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff.

Wakefield's Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council immediately sought city status and this was granted in July 1888.[9] However the industrial revolution, which changed West and South Yorkshire significantly, led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, which became the area's two largest cities (Leeds being the largest in Yorkshire). Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897. The name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, while Bradford renamed its Town Hall as City Hall in 1965.[10]

{{clear|right}}{{clear|left}}
post-1974pre-1974
Metropolitan county Metropolitan borough County boroughs Non-county boroughs Urban districts Rural districts

West Yorkshire is an amalgamation of 53 former local government districts, including six county boroughs and ten municipal boroughs.
 Bradford Bradford Keighley Baildon • Bingley • Denholme • Ilkley • Queensbury and Shelf[11] •Silsden • Shipley Skipton
Calderdale Halifax Brighouse • Todmorden Elland • Hebden Royd • Queensbury and Shelf[11] • Ripponden • Sowerby Bridge
Kirklees Huddersfield • Dewsbury Batley • Spenborough Colne Valley • Denby Dale • Heckmondwike • Holmfirth • Kirkburton • Meltham • Mirfield
Leeds Leeds Morley • Pudsey Aireborough • Garforth • Horsforth • Otley • Rothwell Tadcaster • Wharfedale • Wetherby
Wakefield Wakefield Castleford • Ossett • Pontefract Featherstone • Hemsworth • Horbury • Knottingley • Normanton • Stanley Hemsworth • Osgoldcross • Wakefield

Geography

The county borders, going anticlockwise from the west: Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. It lies almost entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the southern Pennine fringes in the west[12] and the Yorkshire coalfield further eastwards.[13] In the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of magnesian limestone.[14]

The Bradford and Calderdale areas are dominated by the scenery of the eastern slopes of the Pennines, dropping from upland in the west down to the east, and dissected by many steep-sided valleys. Large-scale industry, housing, public and commercial buildings of differing heights, transport routes and open countryside conjoin. The dense network of roads, canals and railways and urban development, confined by valleys creates dramatic interplay of views between settlements and the surrounding hillsides, as shaped the first urban-rural juxtapositions of David Hockney. Where most rural the land crops up in the such rhymes and folklore as On Ilkley Moor Bah 'Tat, date unknown, the early 19th century novels and poems of the Brontë family often in and around Haworth and long-running light comedy-drama Last of the Summer Wine in the 20th century.

The carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills, escarpments and broad valleys. In this landscape there is widespread evidence of both current and former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and recently landscaped former spoil heaps.{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}} The scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, and farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including canal, road and rail are prominent features of the area although some remnants of the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive. However, many areas are affected by urban fringe pressures creating fragmented and downgraded landscapes and ever present are urban influences from major cities, smaller industrial towns and former mining villages.{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}}

In the magnesian limestone belt to the east of the Leeds and Wakefield areas is an elevated ridge with smoothly rolling scenery, dissected by dry valleys. Here, there is a large number of country houses and estates with parkland, estate woodlands, plantations and game coverts.{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}}

The rivers Aire and Calder drain the area, flowing from west to east.

The table below outlines many of the county's settlements, and is formatted according to their metropolitan borough.

Metropolitan county Metropolitan borough Centre of administration Other places
West Yorkshire City of Bradford Bradford Addingham, Baildon, Bingley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Cottingley, Crossflatts, Cross Roads, Cullingworth, Denholme, East and West Morton, Eccleshill, Eldwick, Esholt, Great Horton, Gilstead, Harden, Haworth, Ilkley, Keighley, Menston, Oakworth, Oxenhope, Queensbury, Riddlesden, Saltaire, Sandy Lane, Shipley, Silsden, Stanbury, Steeton, Thornbury, Thornton, Tong, Undercliffe, Wibsey, Wilsden.
Calderdale Halifax Bailiff Bridge, Boothtown, Brighouse, Copley, Cragg Vale, Elland, Greetland, Hebden Bridge, Heptonstall, Hipperholme, Holywell Green, Luddendenfoot, Mytholmroyd, Norwood Green, Rastrick, Ripponden, Shelf, Shibden, Sowerby Bridge, Todmorden
Kirklees Huddersfield Almondbury, Batley, Birkby, Birkenshaw, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Dalton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Emley, Golcar, Gomersal, Hartshead, Hartshead Moor, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Honley, Kirkburton, Kirkheaton, Linthwaite, Liversedge, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield, New Mill, Norristhorpe, Roberttown, Scammonden, Shelley, Shepley, Skelmanthorpe, Slaithwaite, Thornhill
City of Leeds Leeds Allerton Bywater, Beeston, Boston Spa, Collingham, Garforth, Guiseley, Harewood, Headingley, Holbeck, Horsforth, Kippax, Kirkstall, Ledsham, Ledston, Methley, Middleton, Morley, New Farnley, Otley, Oulton, Pool-in-Wharfedale, Pudsey, Rothwell, Rawdon, Scarcroft, Scholes, Stourton, Swillington, Walton (Leeds), Wetherby, Yeadon
City of Wakefield Wakefield Ackworth, Alverthorpe, Castleford, Crigglestone, Crofton, Durkar, Fairburn Ings, Featherstone, Ferrybridge, Fitzwilliam, Hemsworth, Horbury, Knottingley, Newmillerdam, Normanton, Nostell, Ossett, Outwood, Pontefract, Ryhill, Sandal, Sharlston, Stanley, Walton (Wakefield), West Bretton

Green belt

{{further|South and West Yorkshire Green Belt}}

West Yorkshire contains green belt interspersed throughout the county, surrounding the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It was first drawn up in the 1950s. All the county's districts contain large portions of belt.

Climate

West Yorkshire has an Oceanic climate, similar to other parts of the United Kingdom. West Yorkshire tends to be cooler than counties further south, due to inland location and high elevation (especially in western areas). Snow is common, as are sub-zero temperatures. In December 2010, many rivers in West Yorkshire froze over.

Temperatures over the year usually remain between {{convert|-1|°C|0}} and {{convert|20|°C|0}} with rare extremes near {{convert|30|°C|0}} and {{convert|-16|°C|0}}.

{{Weather box
|location = West Yorkshire
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 5
|Feb high C = 5
|Mar high C = 8
|Apr high C = 11
|May high C = 15
|Jun high C = 18
|Jul high C = 19
|Aug high C = 19
|Sep high C = 17
|Oct high C = 13
|Nov high C = 8
|Dec high C = 6
|Jan low C = 0
|Feb low C = 0
|Mar low C = 1
|Apr low C = 3
|May low C = 5
|Jun low C = 8
|Jul low C = 10
|Aug low C = 10
|Sep low C = 8
|Oct low C = 6
|Nov low C = 2
|Dec low C = 1
|Jan rain mm = 61
|Feb rain mm = 45
|Mar rain mm = 52
|Apr rain mm = 48
|May rain mm = 54
|Jun rain mm = 54
|Jul rain mm = 51
|Aug rain mm = 65
|Sep rain mm = 57
|Oct rain mm = 55
|Nov rain mm = 57
|Dec rain mm = 61
|source 1 = www.worldtravels.com[15]
|source 2 = www.wunderground.com[16]
|date = October 2010}}

Governance

{{see also|List of civil parishes in West Yorkshire}}

In Parliament, 17 out of 22 of West Yorkshire's MPs are Labour and 5 are Conservative. At local level, the councils are generally divided, apart from the Wakefield district, which has long been one of the safest Labour councils in the country.

Certain services are provided across the county by West Yorkshire Joint Services, and the West Yorkshire Police and West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service are also county-wide.

Demography

{{see also|List of settlements in West Yorkshire by population}}
District Area km2 Population Population density
Bradford|City of Bradford}} 366.42 523,100 1,346
Calderdale 363.92 200,100 545
Kirklees 408.61 401,000 975
Leeds|City of Leeds}} 551.72 761,100 1,360
Wakefield|City of Wakefield}} 338.61 321,600 949
{{Gallery
|title=Distribution of ethnic groups in West Yorkshire according to the 2011 census.
|width=225
|align=center
|File:White West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|White
|File:British West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|White-British
|File:Irish West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|White-Irish
|File:White other West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|White-Other
|File:Asian West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Asian
|File:Indian West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Asian-Indian
|File:Pakistani West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Asian-Pakistani
|File:Bangladeshi West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Asian-Bangladeshi
|File:Chinese West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Asian-Chinese
|File:Black West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Black
|File:African West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Black-African
|File:Caribbean West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Black-Caribbean
|File:Arab West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Other-Arab
}}{{Gallery
|title=Distribution of religions in West Yorkshire according to the 2011 census.
|width=225
|align=center
|File:Christianity West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Christianity
|File:Islam West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Islam
|File:Judaism West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Judaism
|File:Hinduism West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Hinduism
|File:Sikhism West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Sikhism
|File:Buddhism West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Buddhism
|File:Other Religion West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|Other religion
|File:Noreligion West Yorkshire 2011 census.png|No religion
}}

Economy

{{See also|List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added}}

This is a chart of regional gross value added for West Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[17]

Year Regional Gross Value Added[18] Agriculture[19] Industry[20] Services[21]
1995 21,302 132 7,740 13,429
2000 27,679 80 8,284 19,314
2003 31,995 91 8,705 23,199

Industries

West Yorkshire grew up around several industries. Bradford, Halifax and Huddersfield were grown through the development of woollen mills, Leeds' traditional industry was the manufacturing of cloth, while heavier engineering industries facilitated growth in South Leeds. Wakefield, Castleford, Pontefract and South and East Leeds were traditional coal mining areas. The woollen and cloth industries declined throughout the twentieth century. Many of the coal mines in West Yorkshire closed during the Robens era in the 1960s, but mining was still a significant employer in the Wakefield district at the time of the 1984–85 strike. The last pit in West Yorkshire to close was Hay Royds Colliery at Denby Dale in 2012 after a flood.[22]

Leeds has since attracted investment from financial institutions, to become a recognised financial centre, with many banks, building societies and insurance companies having offices in the city. Wakefield has also attracted many service-based industries, in particular call centres. Two of the big four supermarkets are from West Yorkshire. Morrisons is based in Bradford, while Asda is based in Leeds. Netto have their British headquarters in South Elmsall.

Rhubarb

The Rhubarb Triangle is wholly in West Yorkshire and still produces the vegetable in considerable quantities. Twelve farmers who farm within the Rhubarb Triangle applied to have the name "Yorkshire forced rhubarb" added to the list of foods and drinks that have their names legally protected by the European Commission's Protected Food Name scheme.[23] The application was successful and the farmers in the Rhubarb Triangle were awarded Protected Designation of Origin status (PDO) in February 2010. Food protected status accesses European funding to promote the product and legal backing against other products made outside the area using the name. Other protected names include Stilton cheese, Champagne and Parma Ham.

Film and television productions

Several films and television series have been filmed in West Yorkshire's historic areas, particularly around the town of Huddersfield.[24][25] For example, portions of the BBC television series Happy Valley were filmed in Huddersfield; in addition to exteriors, some of the studio filming was done at North Light Film Studios at Brookes Mill, Huddersfield. As well, interiors for the BBC's Jamaica Inn, for the BBC's Remember Me and for ITV series Black Work, were also filmed at the studios.[26][27][28][29] More recently, many of the exteriors of the BBC series Jericho were filmed at the nearby Rockingstone Quarry and some interior work was done at North Light Film Studios.[30]

Tourism

{{see also|#Places of interest}}

Urban tourism varies. National interest features include sporting stadia, museums, theatre and galleries. Royal Armouries is in Leeds, as is the West Yorkshire Playhouse, Opera North and The Grand Theatre. The First Direct Arena in Leeds seats around 15,000 people. Sheffield Arena is also popular, as is the Alhambra Theatre, St Georges Hall and the Media and Science Museum in Bradford. Leeds is the most popular shopping destination in West Yorkshire, probably Yorkshire and rivals Manchester having claim to Briggate, the Headrow, Trinity Leeds, Victoria Gate, the Victoria and Northern Quarters, the biggest indoor market in Europe and the White Rose Centre, as well as many 'first outside of London' labels such as Harvey Nichols and Victoria's Secret. Leeds is also a popular nightlife destination domestically, which is not surprising given its accessibility and central location. All cities are well connected via rail and road, Leeds railway station is an important hub seeing 29.7 million passengers 2015–16, making it the fourth busiest station in the UK (London altogether being classed as number one) after London, Birmingham New Street and Glasgow Central. It is the busiest in Northern England.

Signposted walks follow rivers and the escarpment of the Pennines, which is scaled in meandering stages and tunnels by the recreational Leeds-Liverpool Canal and Rochdale Canal, navigatable by barge, canoe or kayak. Other tourism features include abbeys, castles, countryside walks, landscapes, picturesque villages, architecture, stately homes, tea rooms, real ale breweries, farmer's markets, restaurants and hiking in villages including Hebden Bridge, Ilkley with its scenic riversides, cherry blossoms and suspension bridge and equally in Wharfedale, Otley.

Transport

West Yorkshire lies in arguably the most strategic part of Yorkshire: the M62, M1 and the A1(M) pass through the county, as well as the internal urban motorways in Leeds and Bradford. West Yorkshire has two mainline railway stations, Leeds and Wakefield Westgate. Leeds railway station is the only Network Rail principal station in Yorkshire and North East England, and one of only three in the North of England along with Manchester Piccadilly and Liverpool Lime Street. Other important railway stations in West Yorkshire include Bradford Interchange, Bradford Forster Square, Huddersfield, Halifax, Dewsbury, Keighley and Shipley. West Yorkshire also has Yorkshire's largest airport, Leeds Bradford Airport.

Unlike South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire has no light transit system; the Leeds Supertram was proposed but was later cancelled after the withdrawal of government funding. Public transport is run under the authority of West Yorkshire Metro.

Sport

There are three major football clubs in West Yorkshire: Huddersfield Town, which is in the Premier League of English football; Bradford City and Leeds United. Rugby league is also big in West Yorkshire. The teams who are, or have been, in Super League are Bradford Bulls, Castleford Tigers, Halifax, Huddersfield Giants, Leeds Rhinos, and Wakefield Trinity. Other rugby league clubs in West Yorkshire are Batley Bulldogs, Dewsbury Rams, Featherstone Rovers, Hunslet Hawks and Keighley Cougars. Any combination of these teams playing against each other would be called a West Yorkshire derby even if the rivalry is not as great as other rivalries between teams in the area. The main rugby union club in the county is Yorkshire Carnegie.

The Headingley Stadium is home of the Yorkshire County Cricket Club, Leeds Rhinos and Yorkshire Carnegie, whereas the John Smith's Stadium is home of Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants. Valley Parade is home of Bradford City, whereas the Odsal Stadium is home of the Bradford Bulls.

There are two racecourses in West Yorkshire: Pontefract and Wetherby

West Yorkshire also used to host regular speedway meetings, having the Halifax Dukes and the Bradford Dukes teams. Odsal Stadium used to host BriSCA stock cars. Leeds has a hill climb event at Harewood speed Hillclimb.

Places of interest

Historic environment

{{See also
|List of museums in England#West Yorkshire|List of country houses in the United Kingdom#West Yorkshire|List of castles in England#West Yorkshire|l1=List of Museums in West Yorkshire |l2=List of historic houses in West Yorkshire |l3=List of castles in West Yorkshire}}{{EngPlacesKey|align=right}}{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
  • Bretton Hall
  • Cartwright Hall
  • Cliffe Hall, also known as Cliffe Castle, Keighley
  • East Riddlesden Hall
  • Esholt Hall, Esholt
  • Firsby Hall
  • Harewood House
  • Kershaw House
  • Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
  • Kirklees Hall/Priory
  • Kirkstall Abbey
  • Roman Lagentium (Castleford)
  • Ledston Hall, Ledston
  • Linthwaite Hall, Linthwaite
  • Linton Hall
  • Lister Park, Bradford
  • Lotherton Hall
  • Middleton Railway, the world's oldest steam railway
  • Nostell Priory
  • Oakwell Hall
  • Oulton Hall, Oulton
  • Piece Hall, Halifax
  • Pontefract Castle
  • Pontefract Priory, Pontefract
  • Queen's Park, Castleford
  • Roundhay Park Leeds
  • Saltaire, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • Sandal Castle
  • Scarcroft Watermill, Scarcroft
  • Shelley Hall, Shelley
  • Shibden Hall
  • Shipley Glen Tramway
  • Tong Hall, Tong
  • Wetherby Castle, Wetherby

}}

Museums

  • Abbey House Museum, Leeds
  • Armley Mills Industrial Museum, Leeds
  • Bagshaw Museum, Batley
  • Bankfield Museum, Halifax
  • Bradford Industrial Museum, Eccleshill/Fagley, Bradford
  • Brontë Parsonage Museum, Haworth
  • Colne Valley Museum, Golcar, Huddersfield
  • Eureka, Halifax
  • Leeds City Museum, Leeds
  • National Coal Mining Museum for England Overton, Wakefield
  • National Media Museum, Bradford
  • Pennine Farm Museum, Ripponden, Halifax
  • Pontefract Museum
  • Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds
  • Thackray Museum, Leeds
  • The Hepworth Wakefield
  • Thwaite Mills, Leeds
  • Tolson Museum, Dalton, Huddersfield
  • Wakefield Museum, Wakefield
  • West Yorkshire Folk Museum, Shibden Hall, Halifax
  • Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Bretton, Wakefield

Natural environment

  • Emley Moor, site of the tallest self-supporting structure in the UK (a TV mast)
  • Harewood Estate – Leeds Country Way public footpath runs through the estate, beautiful landscaped gardens and home to Red Kites amongst many other birds
  • Ilkley Moor, part of Rombalds Moor
  • New Swillington Ings Nature Reserve
  • Otley Chevin – extensive wooded parkland on high ground with extensive views North over Wharfedale and South as far as the Peak District
  • RSPB Fairburn Ings – wetland centre for birds
  • Seckar Woods LNR, a Local Nature Reserve
  • Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, home of naturalist Charles Waterton and the world's first nature reserve

Waterways

  • Scammonden Reservoir, Deanhead Reservoir – both in the moors near Ripponden
  • River Aire, River Calder, River Hebble, River Spen, River Worth
  • Aire and Calder Navigation
  • Calder and Hebble Navigation
  • Huddersfield Broad Canal
  • Huddersfield Narrow Canal, Standedge Tunnel
  • Leeds and Liverpool Canal
  • Rochdale Canal

See also

  • List of Lord Lieutenants of West Yorkshire
  • List of High Sheriffs of West Yorkshire
  • The Kingdom of Elmet
  • West Yorkshire Urban Area
  • West Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service
  • West Yorkshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Own)
  • List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added

References

1. ^{{London Gazette|issue=62229 |pages=4814–4814|date=15 March 2018 |nolink=y}}
2. ^Arnold-Baker, C., Local Government Act 1972, (1973)
3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf|publisher= Office for National Statistics|title= Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom|page= 48|accessdate= 14 December 2006|archive-url= http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031223023527/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ons_geography/Gazetteer_v3.pdf|archive-date= 23 December 2003|dead-url= no|df= dmy-all}}
4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp|title= Metropolitan Counties and Districts|work= Beginners' Guide to UK Geography|publisher= Office for National Statistics|date= 17 September 2004|accessdate= 11 January 2007|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020606075048/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/metropolitan.asp|archivedate= 6 June 2002|df= dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/yorkshire-humber.cfm|title= Yorkshire and Humber Counties|publisher= The Boundary Commission for England|accessdate= 14 February 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070202233240/http://www.boundarycommittee.org.uk/your-area/yorkshire-humber.cfm|archive-date= 2 February 2007|dead-url= no|df= dmy-all}}
6. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Highlights/Buildings/CountyHall/default.htm | title = County Hall | accessdate = | publisher = Wakefield City Council | date = 20 November 2004 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061111211212/http://www.wakefield.gov.uk/CultureAndLeisure/HistoricWakefield/Highlights/Buildings/CountyHall/default.htm | archive-date = 11 November 2006 | dead-url = yes | df = dmy-all }}
7. ^Redcliffe-Maud and Wood, B., English Local Government Reformed, (1974)
8. ^Kingdom, J., Local Government and Politics in Britain, (1991)
9. ^{{Harvnb|Beckett|2005|pp=39,40 }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bradford.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/hobbies_and_interests/history_of_city_hall.htm|title=History of City Hall|work=City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council|accessdate=17 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006213238/http://www.bradford.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/hobbies_and_interests/history_of_city_hall.htm|archive-date=6 October 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
11. ^1 The urban district of Queensbury and Shelf was split between Bradford and Calderdale in 1974: Queensbury civil parish was amalgamated into Bradford; Shelf civil parish was amalgamated into Calderdale.
12. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/yorkshire_southern_pennine_fringe.asp |title = Yorkshire Southern Pennine Fringe |publisher = www.countryside.gov.uk |accessdate = 6 October 2008 |last = |first = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908043951/http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/yorkshire_southern_pennine_fringe.asp |archive-date = 8 September 2008 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/nottinghamshire_derbyshire_and_yorkshire_coalfield.asp |title = Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield |publisher = www.countryside.gov.uk |accessdate = 6 October 2008 |last = |first = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080821113838/http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/nottinghamshire_derbyshire_and_yorkshire_coalfield.asp |archive-date = 21 August 2008 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/southern_magnesian_limestone.asp |title = Southern Magnesian Limestone |publisher = www.countryside.gov.uk |accessdate = 6 October 2008 |last = |first = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908044508/http://www.countryside.gov.uk/LAR/Landscape/CC/yorkshire_and_the_humber/southern_magnesian_limestone.asp |archive-date = 8 September 2008 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all}}
15. ^{{Cite web |url = http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/England/Leeds/Climate |title = Leeds average weather data. |accessdate = 21 January 2016 |publisher = www.worldtravels.com |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150721124600/http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/England/Leeds/Climate |archive-date = 21 July 2015 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all}}
16. ^{{Cite web |url = http://wunderground.com |title = Leeds average weather data. |accessdate = 21 January 2016 |publisher = www.wunderground.com |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160121003056/http://www.wunderground.com/ |archive-date = 21 January 2016 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf |title=Regional Gross Value Added |accessdate=6 October 2008 |date=21 December 2005 |format=PDF |publisher=Office for National Statistics |pages=240–253 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5QVtqCjVC?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2007 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
18. ^Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
19. ^includes hunting and forestry
20. ^includes energy and construction
21. ^includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bolton.ac.uk/MediaCentre/Articles/2014/Jan2014-09.aspx|title=The Drift remembers Yorkshire's industrial past|publisher=University of Bolton|accessdate=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729175650/http://www.bolton.ac.uk/MediaCentre/Articles/2014/Jan2014-09.aspx|archive-date=29 July 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{citation|title=Application to register Yorkshire Forced Rhubarb|url=http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/documents/indoor-yorks-rhubarb-pdo.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=DEFRA|accessdate=25 February 2010|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/documents/indoor-yorks-rhubarb-pdo.pdf|archivedate=22 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.northlightfilmstudios.co.uk/productions-at-north-light-film-studios/ |title=Productions at North Light Film Studios |author= |date=2017 |website=North Light Film Studios |publisher=North Light Film Studios |accessdate=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075224/http://www.northlightfilmstudios.co.uk/productions-at-north-light-film-studios/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
25. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Film & TV |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/whats-on/film-tv |newspaper=Examiner |location=Huddersfield |date=29 October 2016 |accessdate=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114171919/http://www.examiner.co.uk/whats-on/film-tv/ |archive-date=14 November 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
26. ^{{cite news |last=Ballinger |first=Lauren |date=5 December 2014 |title=North Light Film Studios – Remember Me filming locations |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/north-light-film-studios---8234505 |newspaper=Examiner |location=Huddersfield |accessdate=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080248/http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/north-light-film-studios---8234505 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
27. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/nov/03/sally-wainwright-last-tango-halifax | title=Sally Wainwright: not the same old | work=The Guardian | date=3 November 2013 | accessdate=19 January 2014 | last=Rees | first=Caroline | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203112658/http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/nov/03/sally-wainwright-last-tango-halifax | archive-date=3 February 2014 | dead-url=no | df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-12-11/last-tango-in-halifax-actress-sarah-lancashire-begins-shooting-new-crime-drama-in-yorkshire | title=Last Tango in Halifax actress Sarah Lancashire begins shooting new crime drama in Yorkshire | work=Radio Times | date=11 December 2013 | accessdate=19 January 2014 | last=Bremner | first=Jade | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209012415/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-12-11/last-tango-in-halifax-actress-sarah-lancashire-begins-shooting-new-crime-drama-in-yorkshire | archive-date=9 February 2014 | dead-url=no | df=dmy-all }}
29. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.creativeengland.co.uk/index.php/2014/creative-england-provides-filming-location-and-crew-support-to-new-bbc-drama-happy-valley-when-filming-in-yorkshire/ | title=Creative England provides filming location and crew support to new BBC drama Happy Valley when filming in Yorkshire | work=Creative England | date=29 April 2014 | accessdate=12 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530113921/http://www.creativeengland.co.uk/index.php/2014/creative-england-provides-filming-location-and-crew-support-to-new-bbc-drama-happy-valley-when-filming-in-yorkshire/ | archive-date=30 May 2014 | dead-url=no | df=dmy-all }}
30. ^{{cite news |last=Gildea |first=Samantha |date=1 February 2016 |title=Jericho filming locations |url=http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/tv/jericho-filming-locations-take-video-10706918 |newspaper=Examiner |location=Huddersfield |accessdate=10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116054954/http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/tv/jericho-filming-locations-take-video-10706918 |archive-date=16 November 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}

Sources

{{refbegin}}
  • {{citation |last=Beckett |first=J. V.|title=City status in the British Isles,1830–2002 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2005|isbn = 0-7546-5067-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jqqSSOyjBEoC&pg=PA40&dq=wakefield+city+status+1888#v=onepage&q=wakefield%20city%20status%201888&f=false }}
{{refend}}

External links

{{commons}}{{wikivoyage}}
  • West Yorkshire Joint Services
  • Images of West Yorkshire at the English Heritage Archive
  • {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/West_Yorkshire}}
{{West yorkshire}}{{Yorkshire}}{{Yorkshire and the Humber}}{{England counties}}{{Metropolitan counties}}

3 : West Yorkshire|Metropolitan counties|Counties of England established in 1974
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