| 词条 | Weymouth, Massachusetts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Town of Weymouth | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Town Hall Weymouth.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Town Hall, built in 1928 as a replica of the Old State House, Boston | image_flag = WEYMOUTH.JPG | image_seal = Seal of Weymouth, Massachusetts.png | motto = {{lang-la|Laborare Est Vincere}} ("To Work Is To Conquer") | pushpin_map = Massachusetts | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_label = Weymouth | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Massachusetts | coordinates = {{coord|42|13|15|N|70|56|25|W|dim:100000_region:US-MA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Norfolk | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1622 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = September 2, 1635 | government_type = Mayor-council city | area_total_km2 = 56.0 | area_total_sq_mi = 21.6 | area_land_km2 = 44.1 | area_land_sq_mi = 17.0 | area_water_km2 = 11.9 | area_water_sq_mi = 4.6 | elevation_m = 27 | elevation_ft = 200 | population_footnotes = [1] | population_total = 56,743 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = auto | timezone = Eastern |utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = Eastern |utc_offset_DST = −4 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 02188 - 02189 - 02190 - 02191 | area_code = 339 / 781 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 25-78865 | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 0619462 | website = {{URL|http://www.weymouth.ma.us/}} | footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = 2016 |pop_est_footnotes = [2] |population_est = 55972 |unit_pref = Imperial }} Weymouth is a city[3] in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, one of 13 Massachusetts municipalities that city forms of government while retaining "town of" in their official names.[4] It is named after Weymouth, Dorset, a coastal town in England, and is the second-oldest settlement in Massachusetts.[5] It is one of the South Shore's more affordable towns and offers a short commute into Boston, MBTA bus and rail service, and a town beach. As of the 2010 census, Weymouth had a total population of 55,643.[6] Demographics{{Historical populations|type= USA |1840|3738 |1850|5369 |1860|7742 |1870|9010 |1880|10570 |1890|10866 |1900|11324 |1910|12895 |1920|15057 |1930|20882 |1940|23868 |1950|32690 |1960|48177 |1970|54610 |1980|55601 |1990|54063 |2000|53988 |2010|53743 |2016|55972 |source= |footnote=* = population estimate. {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}} }} As of the 2010 census, there were 53,743 people, 22,435 households, and 13,595 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,174.2 people per square mile (1,225.4/km²). There were 22,573 housing units at an average density of 1,327.1 per square mile (512.4/km²). 64% housing units were owner-occupied and 35% of housing units were renter-occupied. The racial makeup of the city was 84.7% White, 3.1% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.[8] There were 22,028 households out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families, 37% of which were non-family households with residents over 65 years of age. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.08. In the city, the population was spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $68,665, and the median income for a family was $52,083. Males had a median income of $42,497 versus $35,963 for females. The per capita income for was $24,976. About 9.1% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over. Weymouth has the 10th highest Irish population in the United States, at 33%.[9] As "white flight" occurred in inner-city Boston exacerbated by the start of the cross-district busing program, in the 1960s and 70s thousands of white (predominantly of Irish descent) Bostonians moved to middle/working class suburbs such as Weymouth and Rockland. The blue collar city culture (example: The Boston accent) of places like South Boston and Dorchester is prevalent in the neighborhoods of Weymouth. Weymouth has colloquially been referred to as "Suburban Southie" and "Southie on the South Shore" due to the high influx of South Boston residents and Irish Catholic culture in the town. This trend continues in a different way again today as some longtime South Boston residents are now being priced out due to gentrification. Many are moving out to the more affordable towns on the South Shore. Demographic breakdown by zip codeIncome{{See also|List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income}}Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[10][11][12]
GeographyWeymouth is located at {{coord|42|12|23|N|70|56|45|W|type:city}} (42.206458, −70.945919).[13] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 21.6 square miles (56.0 km²), of which 17.0 square miles (44.1 km²) is land and 4.6 square miles (11.9 km²) (21.29%) is water. Weymouth contains the Weymouth Back River and the Weymouth Fore River; its surroundings, formerly industrial, are now set aside as parks and natural areas including Webb Memorial State Park. There are many streets named after people and trees. Weymouth residents often designate which of four 'districts' they live in.
Weymouth is bordered on the north by Hingham Bay. Weymouth's territory includes Grape Island, Slate Island, and Sheep Island, all part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. Weymouth is bordered on the west by Quincy, Braintree, and Holbrook. It is bordered on the south by Abington and Rockland. Weymouth is bordered on the east by Hingham. ClimateThe climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Weymouth has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[14] {{Weather box| location = Weymouth, Massachusetts | single line = Yes | Jan high F = 39 | Feb high F = 42 | Mar high F = 49 | Apr high F = 59 | May high F = 70 | Jun high F = 79 | Jul high F = 85 | Aug high F = 83 | Sep high F = 75 | Oct high F = 65 | Nov high F = 54 | Dec high F = 43 | year high F = 61.9 |Jan mean F = 30 |Feb mean F = 32 |Mar mean F = 40 |Apr mean F = 49 |May mean F = 59 |Jun mean F = 69 |Jul mean F = 74 |Aug mean F = 73 |Sep mean F = 65 |Oct mean F = 54 |Nov mean F = 45 |Dec mean F = 35 |year mean F = 52.1 | Jan low F = 21 | Feb low F = 23 | Mar low F = 30 | Apr low F = 39 | May low F = 48 | Jun low F = 58 | Jul low F = 64 | Aug low F = 63 | Sep low F = 55 | Oct low F = 44 | Nov low F = 36 | Dec low F = 26 | year low F = 42.2 | Jan precipitation inch = 4 | Feb precipitation inch = 4 | Mar precipitation inch = 4 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.9 | May precipitation inch = 3.2 | Jun precipitation inch = 2.8 | Jul precipitation inch = 2.8 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.8 | Sep precipitation inch = 3.3 | Oct precipitation inch = 3.8 | Nov precipitation inch = 4.5 | Dec precipitation inch = 4.2 | year precipitation inch = 44.3 | source 1 = Weatherbase[15] | date = October 2013 }} TransportationWeymouth is served by several MBTA Bus routes as well as three MBTA Commuter Rail stations: two on the Greenbush Line, at Weymouth Landing and near Jackson Square, and one on the Old Colony Line at South Weymouth. Numbered routes that pass through Weymouth include Massachusetts Routes 3, 3A, 18, 53, 58 and 139. GovernmentWeymouth was founded in 1635, from the territory known as Wessagusett which was described in 1622—just two years after the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth. Weymouth held the distinction of having the oldest continuous town meeting form of government, for 365 years. In 1999, Weymouth residents voted to change to a city form of government. David M. Madden was elected as the city's first mayor and took office in 2000. On July 10, 2007, Mayor David M. Madden announced he would not seek reelection. In 2008, Susan Kay was elected as the new mayor of Weymouth. On November 3, 2015, Republican state senator Robert L. Hedlund was elected as the new mayor of Weymouth, succeeding long-incumbent mayor Susan M. Kay. Hedlund assumed office on January 4, 2016.
EducationWeymouth High School is the one high school in Weymouth. Prior to 2005, grades eight and nine were housed in Weymouth Junior High while grades ten, eleven, and twelve comprised the High School. This changed with the construction of a new wing on the Junior High building in South Weymouth, which subsequently became the new Weymouth High School housing grades nine through twelve. The old Weymouth High School in East Weymouth was converted into the Maria Weston Chapman Middle School. More than 2,000 students attend the high school. A brand new athletic surface was completed in 2005, giving Weymouth High School an artificial turf field and a track surface. In 2008 Boston Magazine ranked Weymouth High School number eight among Boston area high schools in academic performance and eighteenth in cost efficiency.[17] There is one Weymouth Middle School in East Weymouth. There are two campuses and are down the street from each other. The campuses are called Chapman Campus and Adams Campus. Abigail Adams Middle School has now been set for 5th and 6th grades and Maria Weston Chapman Middle School 7th and 8th grades in 2010. There are eight primary schools and one early childhood center, five of which are named after Weymouth's Congressional Medal of Honor recipients.
There is one Public Charter School which Weymouth is associated to
In addition, there are five private schools in Weymouth.
HistoryA failed colonyWeymouth was settled in 1622 as Wessagusset Colony founded by Thomas Weston, who had been the main financial backer of Plymouth Colony.[18] The settlement was a failure, as the 60 men from London were ill-prepared for the hardships required for survival. They also may have lacked the motivation of the Pilgrims, as this colony was purely economic in motivation and the men had not brought their families.[19] By winter, poor planning and bad management led to supplies running out, and the Plymouth colonists had little to share. The situation grew desperate and Weymouth men began to sell their clothes, hire themselves out as laborers, and even steal from the local Massachusett Indians. The Indians were soon taunting the Weymouth men and robbing them of what little food they gathered clamming and foraging in the woods.[20] By now, many in the colony were starving or ill, and law and order had broken down. The lowest point came when a settler was accused of stealing supplies from the Massachusetts, and the Massachusett leaders demanded the thief's execution; the Weymouth men complied, but legend has it that they may have executed a dying, sick settler instead.[20] By April 1623, word came of conflict between American Indians and the Virginia colonists, and tension increased between the Wessagusset colonists and the Indians. Massachusetts and other tribes began plotting to attack and destroy what was left of the floundering colony and the more successful Plymouth Colony. Wampanoag Chief Massasoit heard about the plot but soon fell ill and nearly died. A party from the Plymouth Colony came to his village and nursed him back to health, and he warned them of the plot.[20] Governor William Bradford decided to preempt the planned attack, and sent Myles Standish to Weymouth with the Plymouth militia and their Indian guide Hobbamock to end the threat. Using the promise of a meal of pork, Standish lured five of the more bellicose Massachusett Indians inside the stockade, including Wituwamat, a large man who had belittled Standish because he was short and had bragged about murdering a number of French shipwreck survivors. Once inside, there was a brief struggle and the Indian leaders were killed. Ten of the original 60 colonists starved to death and two others were killed in conflicts with the Indians. Forty-five colonists joined Plymouth or went north to Maine, and from there most returned to England. Three men who had left the colony to live among the Indians as laborers could not be warned in time and were subsequently killed by them after Standish had released the women and children.[20] Robert Gorges attempted to form a colony at the site later that year as the center of a more royalist and Anglican system of government for New England.[19] He brought William Morrell as religious leader and expected Governor Bradford to acknowledge his supremacy and act as his agent.[19] Within weeks, the New England winter caused Gorges to leave with most of the settlers.[18] Those who remained formed the nucleus of the permanent settlement.[21] and the oldest in what would become Massachusetts Bay Colony.[22] In 1630, it was officially incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony; the name was changed to Weymouth in 1635 with the addition of 100 families under the leadership of Joseph Hull. These groups experienced some difficulty integrating together, especially due to conflicting pressures from the Puritans of Boston and the Pilgrims of Plymouth, but Weymouth was a stable and prominent town with its current boundaries by 1635.[19] It was included as part of Suffolk County when it was formed on 10 May 1643. Post-colonizationWeymouth was heavily involved in the shoemaking industry from the first years of the 18th century right through to 1973, when the Stetson Shoe Company closed its doors. The building is currently being used for medical offices.[23] The original town hall was destroyed by fire in 1914 and was replaced in 1928 with a town hall that is a replica of the old Massachusetts State House in Boston. In May 2018, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker designated a tract of land near Lakeview Manor and the eastern and northern borders of Whitman's Pond as an "opportunity zone" under the Congressional Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[24] Points of interest
ParksWeymouth has 43 parks, playgrounds, memorials, recreation areas and facilities.[25] {{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Weymouth Landing (02188)
Notable people
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST16&prodType=table |title=Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=2011-06-26}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 3. ^{{Mass City-Town Note|Mass_Town=Weymouth}} 4. ^http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cisctlist/ctlistalph.htm 5. ^{{cite book|title=Wessagusset and Weymouth|year=1905|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXEWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=weymouth+charles+francis+adams&hl=en&sa=X&ei=evfjUbO2GZXH4AOGqIHIBA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA|author=Charles Francis Adams|author2=Gilbert Nash }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST16&prodType=table |title=Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=2011-06-26}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 8. ^2010 American Fact Finder 9. ^ ePodunk Irish Index 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP03&prodType=table|title=SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2015-01-12}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=2015-01-12}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_S1101&prodType=table|title=HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=2015-01-12}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 14. ^Climate Summary for Weymouth, Massachusetts 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=790527&cityname=Weymouth-Massachusetts|publisher=Weatherbase|title=Weatherbase.com|year=2013}} Retrieved on October 26, 2013. 16. ^{{cite web|title = Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 15, 2008 | publisher = Massachusetts Elections Division | format = PDF | accessdate = 2010-05-08 | url = http://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/elepdf/st_county_town_enroll_breakdown_08.pdf}} 17. ^http://www.bostonmagazine.com/best_high_school_chart/index.html 18. ^1 Weymouth the First Hundred Years by Ted Clark 19. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=lJJuAAAAMAAJ] Historical sketch of Weymouth, Massachusetts, from 1622-1884 by Gilbert Nash 20. ^1 2 3 Mayflower: A story of Courage, Community, and War, Viking Press 2006 by Nathaniel Philbrick, pages 140-153 21. ^{{cite book|title=The republic of the United States: a history, Volume 1|page=48|author=Jeannette Paddock Nichols|author2=Roy Franklin Nichols }} 22. ^{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Jacob Bailey|title=Lives of the governors of New Plymouth, and Massachusetts bay|year=1848|page=235|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISMrAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 23. ^http://dlxs.lib.wayne.edu/d/dhhcc/retailers/stetshonshoes.html 24. ^{{cite news|last=Baker|first=Ed|title=Opportunity Zone designated near Weymouth's Whitman's Pond|work=Weymouth News|publisher=GateHouse Media|date=May 2, 2018|access-date=January 1, 2019|url=http://weymouth.wickedlocal.com/news/20180502/opportunity-zone-designated-near-weymouths-whitmans-pond}} 25. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.weymouth.ma.us/about-weymouth/pages/parks-recreation|title=Parks & Recreation – Weymouth MA|publisher=Town of Weymouth, Massachusetts|accessdate= June 22, 2017}} 26. ^{{cite book |title=Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896 |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |year=1967}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Sullivan|first1=Debbie Sargent|last2=Tighe|first2=Joanne Palmieri|title=Images of America: Weymouth|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|location=Portsmouth, NH|page=13|isbn=978-0-7385-0926-6|year=2001}} 28. ^https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/jim-peckham-1.html 29. ^{{citation|title=Historical Timeline North Weymouth Civic Association|publisher=North Weymouth Civic Association|accessdate=February 16, 2016|url=http://northweymouth.org/about-north-weymouth/beaches-parks-recreation/historical-timeline/}} 30. ^{{citation|last1=Harlan|first1=Louis R.|title=Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=282|place=New York, NY|year=1983|isbn=0-19-503202-0}} External links{{Commons category}}{{NSRW Poster|Weymouth, Mass.}}
7 : 1630 establishments in Massachusetts|Cities in Massachusetts|Cities in Norfolk County, Massachusetts|Populated coastal places in Massachusetts|Populated places established in 1630|Southeastern Massachusetts|Weymouth, Massachusetts |
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