| 词条 | Board of Agriculture (1793–1822) |
| 释义 |
The Board of Agriculture was a British voluntary association and chartered society founded in 1793 to promote agricultural improvement.[2] Under the fuller title Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, it was discussed in a published paper of May 1793.[3] The Board had the backing of William Pitt the younger the Prime Minister, and was set up at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars by the efforts of Sir John Sinclair, following a suggestion made in 1790 by William Marshall.[4] FoundationFounded by Royal Charter on 23 August 1793 as the Board or Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, it was dissolved in June 1822. Though its founders hoped the board would become a department of state it was never more than a private society which spread useful knowledge and encouraged improvements in farming. The president was Sir John Sinclair and the secretary was Arthur Young; it was given an annual parliamentary grant of £3,000. ConstitutionThe Board was a closed corporation, with a mixture of appointed, ex officio and elected members. Ehrman considers its constitution likely derived from Scottish societies familiar to Sinclair. Its charter was semi-official, and it spent public money, its finances being partly subscriptions and part government grant. It did not have to supply accounts to the Treasury, and its minutes were private. Ehrman comments on the antiquated approach taken.[5] HistorySinclair's initial idea was for a parish-by-parish survey in England, along the lines of his Statistical Account of Scotland. The plan had to be dropped because of opposition from John Moore, the Archbishop of Canterbury.[6] The Board was successful in commissioning a series of county reports, now known as the General Views of Agriculture.[7] It also made attempts to encourage agricultural shows, offered premiums, and held two livestock shows in London in 1821 and 1822. The government grant was withdrawn in 1820; after two years the shortage of funds from private subscriptions led to its dissolution.[8] OfficersIn 1798 John Southey Somerville, 15th Lord Somerville replaced Sir John Sinclair as President, with Pitt's support.[9] John Baker Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield was President from 1803 to 1806.[10] Sinclair then returned as President, to 1813.[6] From 1816 to 1818 George Parker, 4th Earl of Macclesfield was President.[11] References
Notes1. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Garrard, George|volume=21}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Board of Agriculture (1793-1822)}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1793boa.html|title=1793 - England -Board of Agriculture -History of Scholarly Societies|accessdate=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315101712/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1793boa.html#|archive-date=2016-03-15|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Board of Agriculture|title=Communications to the Board of Agriculture, on Subjects Relative to the Husbandry and Internal Improvement of the Country|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FMVFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR17|year=1797|publisher=W. Bulmer|page=xvii}} 4. ^{{cite ODNB|id=18155|first=G. E.|last=Mingay|title=Marshall, William}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=John Ehrman|title=The Younger Pitt: The reluctant transition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yy6sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA468|year=1983|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-1184-5|pages=468–70}} 6. ^1 {{cite DNB|wstitle=Sinclair, John (1754-1835)|volume=52}} 7. ^E.g., Thomas Wedge, A General View of the Agriculture of the County Palatine of Chester. London, 1794; George B. Worgan's General View of the Agriculture of the County of Cornwall; drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture (1793) and Internal Improvement by G. B. Worgan. London: Sherwood, Neely & Jones (1st ed. 1811); Richard Parkinson's General View of the Agriculture of Buckinghamshire. London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1813; {{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Walter|authorlink=Walter Davies|title=General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxJLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10|accessdate=17 April 2012|year=1815|publisher=Board of Agriculture (Great Britain), Sherwood, Neely & Jones|location=London|format=2 vols.}} 8. ^Hey, David (1996) The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History. Oxford University Press; p. 41 9. ^{{cite ODNB|id=26023|first=Anne Pimlott|last=Baker|title=Somerville, John Southey}} 10. ^{{cite ODNB|id=13608|first=John|last=Cannon|title=Holroyd, John Baker}} 11. ^{{cite ODNB|id=64128|first=Roland|last=Thorne|title=Parker, George}} 3 : Agricultural organisations based in the United Kingdom|1793 establishments in Great Britain|History of agriculture in the United Kingdom |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。