| 词条 | Whakatane | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Whakatane |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = {{native name|mi|Whakatāne}} |native_name_lang = mi |nickname = |settlement_type = Town |total_type = Territorial |motto =Sunshine Capital of New Zealand |image_skyline = Whakatane_harbourside.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Whakatane |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |pushpin_map = New Zealand |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{NZL}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Bay of Plenty |subdivision_type2 = Territorial authority |subdivision_name2 = Whakatane District |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Tony Bonne |leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor |leader_name1 = Judy Turner |established_title = Settled by Māori |established_date = c. 1200 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 4442.07 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |elevation_footnotes = |Jan high C = 24 |Feb high C = 24 |Mar high C = 23 |Apr high C = 21 |May high C = 18 |Jun high C = 15 |Jul high C = 15 |Aug high C = 15 |Sep high C = 17 |Oct high C = 19 |Nov high C = 21 |Dec high C = 22 |Jan mean C = 19 |Feb mean C = 19 |Mar mean C = 18 |Apr mean C = 15 |May mean C = 12 |Jun mean C = 10 |Jul mean C = 9 |Aug mean C = 10 |Sep mean C = 12 |Oct mean C = 14 |Nov mean C = 16 |Dec mean C = 18 |Jan low C = 14 |Feb low C = 14 |Mar low C = 13 |Apr low C = 10 |May low C = 7 |Jun low C = 5 |Jul low C = 4 |Aug low C = 5 |Sep low C = 7 |Oct low C = 9 |Nov low C = 11 |Dec low C = 13 |Jan rain mm = 111 |Feb rain mm = 100 |Mar rain mm = 142 |Apr rain mm = 108 |May rain mm = 124 |Jun rain mm = 148 |Jul rain mm = 134 |Aug rain mm = 153 |Sep rain mm = 131 |Oct rain mm = 116 |Nov rain mm = 119 |Dec rain mm = 149 |year rain mm = 1535 |Jan sun = 248.0 |Feb sun = 197.8 |Mar sun = 186.0 |Apr sun = 180.0 |May sun = 155.0 |Jun sun = 150.0 |Jul sun = 155.0 |Aug sun = 155.0 |Sep sun = 180.0 |Oct sun = 217.0 |Nov sun = 210.0 |Dec sun = 217.0 |source 1 = The Weather Network[9] ← --> |source 2 = World Climate Guide[10] }} Whakatane has frequently recorded the highest annual sunshine hours in New Zealand (year and respective sunshine hours shown below). Since official recording began in 2008, the town has frequently attained upwards of 2600 hours a year. The town recorded an average of over 7.5hrs of sunshine a day in 2013.[11] Whakatane also records the national daily high (temp) on approximately 55 days of the year.[12] Natural DisastersWhakatane was affected by the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake. Heavy rain struck the Bay of Plenty region between 16-18 July 2004, resulting in severe flooding and a state of civil emergency being declared. Many homes and properties were flooded, forcing thousands of Whakatane residents to evacuate. The Rangitaiki River burst its banks, flooding large areas of farmland, and numerous roads were closed by floods and slips. A total of 245.8 mm of rain fell in Whakatane in the 48-hour period and many small earthquakes were also felt during this time, loosening the sodden earth and resulting in landslips that claimed two lives. GeographyMoutohora Island is a small island off the Bay of Plenty coast about 12 kilometres north of Whakatane. The island has numerous sites of pā. It also provided shelter for James Cook's Endeavour in 1769. A whaling station existed on the island during the 19th century. Whakaari/White Island is an active marine volcano located 48 kilometres offshore of Whakatane and a popular visitor attraction. Sulphur mining on the island was attempted but abandoned in 1914 after a lahar killed all 10 workers. The mouth of the Whakatane River and Ohiwa Harbour have both provided berths for yachts, fishing trawlers and small ships since European settlement of the area. Nearby Ohope Beach is a sandy beach stretching {{convert|11|km|0|abbr=on}} from the Ohiwa Harbour entrance. Industries and tourismThe town's main industries are diverse: forestry, tourism, agriculture, horticulture, fishing and manufacturing are all well-established. There is a large carton board packaging mill, a newspaper press, and a brewery. While farming and forestry activities remain the dominant sectors, tourism is a growing industry for Whakatane, with a continued increase in guest nights in the district.[13] White Island is a key attraction. Popular tourist activities include the beaches, swimming with dolphins, whale watching, chartered fishing cruises, surf tours, amateur astronomy, hunting, experiences of Maori culture and bush walking. Whakatane is also used as a base for many tourists who wish to explore other activities in the surrounding region. Aquaculture is an emerging industry for the Eastern Bay, with the development of a 3800 hectare marine farm 8.5 km offshore of Opotiki, expected to produce 20,000 tonnes of mussels per annum by 2025 and add $35 million to regional GDP.[14] Whakatane is home to the regional radio station One Double X - 1XX - one of the first privately owned commercial radio stations on air in New Zealand in the early 1970s. Whakatane has become the dominant commercial service centre for the Eastern Bay. In 2006, a large-format shopping centre (The Hub Whakatane) was built on the edge of town anchored by national chains Bunnings Warehouse and Harvey Norman. Its retail space totals 24,000sqm and includes 900 car parks.[15] Prior to the centre's construction, it was estimated around $30 million in local retail spending was being lost to large format retail stores in neighboring Tauranga and Rotorua. InfrastructureWhakatane Airport is served by Air Chathams and Sunair Aviation, with direct flights using DC 3 Dakota and Metroliner 3 aircraft to Auckland, and on-request flights to Gisborne and Hamilton. Air New Zealand previously operated the Auckland service until April 2015.[16]Private cars, limited public transport and taxis (as well as cycling and walking) are the primary modes of transport for residents. A regular public bus service runs between Whakatane and Ohope. Furthermore, once daily return bus services operate to Tauranga, en route from Kawerau and Opotiki on alternate weekdays. Whakatane sits at the confluence of State Highway 30. State Highway 2 bypasses the urban area. Whakatane has two secondary schools, Whakatane High School and Trident High School. Two tertiary institutes, Te Whare Wananga O Awanuiarangi and Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, have campuses in Whakatane. MarineCoastal trading, including scows and steamships - notably the Northern Steamship Company service, which ran until 1959, used Whakatane as a port of call. Today it primarily services charter vessels, commercial & recreational fishing vessels. The depth of water over the Whakatane River entrance has been a limiting factor to the development of better port facilities, but it is generally held that a training wall along the western edge of the entrance would allow greater depths and safer crossings. RailA passenger train called the Taneatua Express ran on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway (ECMT) as far as Taneatua until 1959. The Taneatua Branch line was formerly part of the ECMT and connected with the current ECMT at Hawkens Junction. A private railway line operated by Whakatane Board Mills (now Carter Holt Harvey Whakatane) formerly connected the company's mill on the western side of the river to the Taneatua Branch line at Awakeri. The Whakatane Board Mills Line was freight only, with no passenger service. In 1999 operation of the Whakatane Board Mills line was taken over by Tranz Rail (now KiwiRail) and the line was renamed the Whakatane Industrial line. The line has since been closed and lifted, and the Taneatua Branch line is used for tourist excursions. Sister cities
Whakatane has a friendship agreement with Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan.[18] Notable people{{further|:Category:People from Whakatane}}
GalleryReferences1. ^ tags-->|elevation_m =|elevation_ft =|elevation_max_m =|elevation_max_ft =|elevation_min_m =|elevation_min_ft =|population_as_of = {{NZ population data|||y}}|population_footnotes ={{NZ population data||||y}}|population_total = {{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Whakatane District|y}}|R}}|population_density_km2 = auto|population_urban = {{formatnum:{{NZ population data||y}}|R}}|population_density_sq_mi =|timezone=NZST|utc_offset=+12|timezone_DST=NZDT|utc_offset_DST=+13|coor_pinpoint =|coordinates = {{coord|37|59|S|177|00|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type = Postcode(s)|postal_code = 3120|area_code = 07|website = http://www.whakatane.govt.nz/|footnotes =}}Whakatane ({{IPAc-en|f|ɑː|k|ɑː|ˈ|t|ɑː|n|ə}} {{respell|fah|kah|TAH|nə}}; {{lang-mi|Whakatāne}}, {{IPA-mi|fakaˈtaːnɛ}}) is a town in the eastern Bay of Plenty Region in the North Island of New Zealand, 90 km east of Tauranga and 89 km north-east of Rotorua, at the mouth of the Whakatane River. Whakatane District is the encompassing territorial authority, which covers an area to the south and west of the town, excluding the enclave of Kawerau.Whakatane has an urban population of {{NZ population data||y}}, making it New Zealand's 24th largest urban area, and the Bay of Plenty's third largest urban area behind Tauranga and Rotorua. Another {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|Whakatane District|y}}|R}}-{{formatnum:{{NZ population data||y}}|R}}}}}} people live in the rest of the Whakatane District. Around 40% of the district's population have Māori ancestry. The District has a land area of {{convert|4,442.07|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Whakatane District was created in 1976.Whakatane forms part of the parliamentary electorate of East Coast, represented by Anne Tolley of the New Zealand National Party. It is the main urban centre of the Eastern Bay Of Plenty sub-region; incorporating Whakatane, Kawerau, and Opotiki, the Eastern Bay stretches from Otamarakau in the west, to Cape Runaway in the north-east and Whirinaki in the south. It is the seat of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council, chosen as a compromise between the region's two larger cities, Tauranga and Rotorua.==History=====Māori occupation===The site of the town has long been populated. Māori pā (Māori fortified village) sites in the area date back to the first Polynesian settlements, estimated to have been around 1200 CE. According to Māori tradition Toi-te-huatahi, later known as Toi-kai-rakau, landed at Whakatane about 1150 CE in search of his grandson Whatonga. Failing to find Whatonga, he settled in the locality and built a pa on the highest point of the headland now called Whakatane Heads, overlooking the present town. Some 200 years later the Mataatua waka landed at Whakatane.{{cite web | last = McLintock | first = A. H. | title = An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand | year = 1966 | url = http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/W/Whakatane/Whakatane/en | accessdate = 2006-08-24}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/backgrounders/06_sep_22_maori-culture_the-legend-of-wairaka-and-the-naming-of-whakatane_backgrounder.cfm|title=The legend of Wairaka and the naming of Whakatane|accessdate=2007-07-13 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235423/http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/backgrounders/06_sep_22_maori-culture_the-legend-of-wairaka-and-the-naming-of-whakatane_backgrounder.cfm |archivedate = 27 September 2007}} 3. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.whakatane.info/business/wairaka-statue |title= Wairaka Statue |website= Whakatane.info |access-date= 21 January 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.whakatane.com/activities/lady-rock |title = The Lady on the Rock |website = Whakatane.com |access-date = 21 January 2019 |quote= Unveiled at the Whakatāne Heads in 1965 as a memorial to the wife of Sir William Sullivan.}} 5. ^{{cite web |url = https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/1763/rua-kenana-hepetipa-with-joseph-ward |title = Rua Kenana Hepetipa meeting with Joseph George Ward on the beach at Whakatane, March 1908 |last = Binney |first = Judith |date = 1996 |website = Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date = 21 January 2019 |quote = Rua Kenana Hepetipa's meeting with Joseph George Ward on the beach at Whakatane in March 1908 was later described as the 'Ceremony of Union'...}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Whakatane Board Mill|url=http://wikimapia.org/21124693/Whakatane-Board-Mill}} 7. ^Skelton, H (2002) Pictures from the Past- Bay of Plenty, Volcanic Plateau & Gisborne. Wyatt and Wilson Print, Christchurch. ;pg 76. 8. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.ngatiawa.iwi.nz/cms/cmsfiles/file/associations/mataatua%20declaration.pdf|title = The Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples|date = June 1993|website = |publisher = Ngati Awa|last = |first = |accessdate = 2016-01-06}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.theweathernetwork.com/statistics/c04062|title = Climate Statistics for Whakatane, New Zealand|accessdate = 16 May 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/newzealand/whakatane.php|title = Whakatane Climate Guide, New Zealand|accessdate = 29 May 2013}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://easternbay.sunlive.co.nz/blogs/5755-whakatane-nzs-sunshine-capital.html |title=Whakatane – NZ’s sunshine capital|first=Tony|last=Bonne|accessdate=5 May 2014}} 12. ^http://www.whakatane.com/visitor-information/weather 13. ^{{cite news|title=Whakatane Tourism Numbers positive |url=http://basic.sunlive.co.nz/mobile/news/95990-whakatane-tourism-numbers-positive.html|publisher=Sunlive|date=20 Mar 2015}} 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Halford|first1=B|title=Auditors report on the Opotiki Long Term Plan 2012-2022|journal=Audit New Zealand|ref=Tauranga}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=The Hub Whakatane|url=http://mcdougallreidy.co.nz/completed-projects.php?link=the-hub-whakatane|publisher=McDougall Reidy|accessdate=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523075839/http://mcdougallreidy.co.nz/completed-projects.php?link=the-hub-whakatane|archive-date=23 May 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite news |title=Air NZ announces regional network cuts |date=11 November 2014 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/63089348/air-nz-announces-regional-network-cuts.html |accessdate=11 November 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|language=English|accessdate=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204202/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|archive-date=4 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.whakatane.govt.nz/About-the-Council/Sister-Cities/ |title=Sister Cities |publisher=Whakatane District Council |accessdate=31 December 2011}} 19. ^{{DNZB|last= Heath|first= Alison B.|id=3p20|title=Alexander Peebles|accessdate=23 April 2017}} 20. ^{{DNZB|last=Haami|first= Bradford|id=4s47|title=Albert Oliphant Stewart|accessdate=23 April 2017}} External links
5 : Whakatane|Whakatane District|Populated places in the Bay of Plenty Region|Territorial authorities of New Zealand|Surfing locations in New Zealand |
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