1. Early life
    Military career 

2. Career as a painter
    Technique   Influences    Style  

3. Other media appearances

4. Personal life

5. Illness and death

6. Legacy

7. References

8. Further reading

9. External links

Early life

Ross was born in Daytona Beach, Florida, to Jack and Ollie Ross (a Cherokee carpenter and a waitress, respectively), and raised in Orlando, Florida.^[3][4] As a child, Ross entertained himself by caring for injured animals, purportedly including an armadillo, snake, and alligator. One of these animals, a squirrel named Peapod (full nickname "Peapod The Pocket Squirrel"), was featured most prominently in a few episodes of his show. Another squirrel, one with epilepsy Bob called "Squirrely Wirrelly Brown" (which was given 6 months to live by a veterinarian but Bob talked about her 4 to 5 years after getting her) was also on the show less frequently (she was usually kept at home in Ross' basement in a big cage next to where she'd watch him paint).^[4][3] He had a half-brother, Jim, whom he mentioned in passing on his show.^[5] Ross dropped out of high school in the 9th grade to work as a carpenter with his father, Jack Ross, when he lost part of his left index finger. This, however, did not affect the way he held his palette while painting.^[6]{{rp|22}}

Military career

In 1961, 18-year-old Ross enlisted in the United States Air Force and was put into service as a medical records technician.^[6]{{rp|15}} He eventually rose to the rank of master sergeant and served as the first sergeant of the U.S. Air Force Clinic at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska,^[7][8] where he first saw the snow and mountains that later became recurring themes in his artwork. He developed his quick-painting technique to create art for sale during brief daily work breaks.^[8] Having held military positions that required him to be, in his own words, "tough" and "mean", "the guy who makes you scrub the latrine, the guy who makes you make your bed, the guy who screams at you for being late to work", Ross decided that if he ever left the military, he would never yell or raise his voice again.^[8]

Career as a painter

During his 20-year tenure with the U.S. Air Force, Ross developed a taste for painting after attending an art class at the Anchorage U.S.O. club. He found himself frequently at odds with many of his painting instructors, who were more interested in abstract painting. In Ross' own words: "They'd tell you what makes a tree, but they wouldn't tell you how to paint a tree."

Ross was working as a part-time bartender when he discovered a TV show called The Magic of Oil Painting, hosted by German painter Bill Alexander.^[6]{{rp|17–18}} Alexander touted a 16th-century style of painting called "alla prima" (Italian for "first attempt"), better known as "wet-on-wet", that allowed him to finish a painting in a little under 30 minutes. Ross studied and became quite good at alla prima through Alexander's show, and began selling Alaskan landscapes painted on the inside of novelty gold pans.^[4][8] When Ross began making more money from selling the gold pans than his military job, he retired from the Air Force in 1981 after 20 years of service,^[4][9] having the rank of Master Sergeant.^[7][10]

He first went to Florida and studied painting under Alexander, then joined the "Alexander Magic Art Supplies Company" and became a traveling salesman and tutor. Annette Kowalski, who had attended one of his sessions, became convinced that there was a great opportunity for Ross to succeed on his own, and persuaded him to do so. She invested her life savings in the company, as did Ross and his wife. The business struggled at first; his permed hairstyle came about as a cost-cutting measure, when his regular crewcut haircuts became too expensive. Ross grew increasingly uncomfortable with the style in his later years, but kept it throughout his career.^[9][6]{{rp|19}}

The origins of the TV show, The Joy of Painting, are unclear.^[9] It was filmed at the studio of the PBS station WIPB in Muncie, Indiana.^[11]

The show ran from January 11, 1983 to May 17, 1994, but reruns {{as of | 2018 | alt = still}} continue to appear in many broadcast areas and countries, including the non-commercial digital subchannel network Create. During each half-hour segment, Ross would instruct viewers in oil painting using a quick-study technique from the imagination that used a limited palette of paints and broke down the process into simple steps. Art critic Mira Schor compared him to Fred Rogers, host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, noting that Ross' soft voice and the slow pace of his speech were similar.^[12]

With help from Annette Kowalski, Ross built a $15 million business, Bob Ross Inc., selling his line of art supplies and how-to books, and marketing painting classes taught by instructors trained in the "Bob Ross method".{{r|frugalgourmet}} All of his income, he said, was derived from those sources;^[8] the show was intended to be a vehicle to promote his classes and products.^[4] All of his paintings, including those created during his shows, were donated to PBS stations.^[13]

Ross also filmed wildlife, squirrels in particular, usually in his garden, and he would often take in injured or abandoned squirrels and other animals. Small animals often appeared on his Joy of Painting canvasses.^[8]

Technique

Ross used the wet-on-wet oil painting technique, in which the painter continues adding paint on top of still-wet paint rather than waiting a lengthy amount of time to allow each layer of paint to dry. From the beginning, the program kept the selection of tools and colors simple so that viewers would not have to make large investments in expensive equipment. Ross frequently recommended odorless paint thinner (aka odorless mineral spirits) for brush cleaning. Combining the wet painting method with the use of large one- and two-inch brushes, as well as painting knives, allowed Ross to paint trees, clouds, mountains, and water in a matter of seconds. Each painting would start with simple strokes that appeared as nothing more than smudges of color. As he added more and more strokes, the blotches would transform into intricate landscapes.^[14][15]

Ross painted three versions of almost every painting featured on his show. The first was painted prior to taping, and sat on an easel, off-camera, during filming, where Ross used it as a reference to create the second copy—the one viewers actually watched him paint. After filming the episode, Ross painted a third, more detailed version for inclusion in his instructional books.^[16]

Influences

Ross dedicated the first episode of the second season of The Joy of Painting to Bill Alexander, explaining that "years ago, Bill taught me this fantastic [wet-on-wet] technique, and I feel as though he gave me a precious gift, and I'd like to share that gift with you [the viewer]".^[17] As Ross's popularity grew, his relationship with Alexander became increasingly strained. "He betrayed me," Alexander told the New York Times in 1991. "I invented 'wet on wet', I trained him, and ... he thinks he can do it better."^[18] Art historians have pointed out that the "wet-on-wet" (or alla prima) technique actually originated in Flanders during the 15th century, and was used by Frans Hals, Diego Velázquez, Caravaggio, Paul Cezanne, John Singer Sargent, and Claude Monet, among many others.^[19][20]

Style

Ross was well known for the catchphrases he used while painting such as "happy little trees".^[21] In most episodes of The Joy of Painting, Ross would note that one of his favorite parts of painting was cleaning the brush.^[22] Specifically, he was fond of his method of drying off a brush that he had dipped in odorless thinner by striking it against the thinner can (then striking a box for early seasons, and trashcan for later seasons; occasionally he would strike the brush hard on the trashcan, and say he "hit the bucket") and easel.^[22] He would smile and often laugh aloud as he said to "beat the Devil out of it".^[22] He also used a palette that had been lightly sanded down, which was necessary to avoid catching the reflections of the strong studio lighting.^[23]

Ross wore clothes that he believed would be a "timeless look" (jeans and a button-down shirt). He also used a minimalist set and spoke as if he were only addressing one viewer.^[4]

When asked about his laid-back approach, and his calm and contented demeanor, he commented,

The landscapes he painted—typically mountains, lakes, snow, and log cabin scenes—were strongly influenced by his years living in Alaska, where he was stationed for the majority of his Air Force career. He repeatedly stated on the show his belief that everyone had inherent artistic talent and could become an accomplished artist given time, practice, and encouragement, and to this end was often fond of saying, "We don't make mistakes; we just have happy accidents."^[25] In 2014, the blog FiveThirtyEight conducted a statistical analysis of the 381 episodes in which Ross painted live, concluding that 91 percent of Ross' paintings contained at least one tree, 44 percent included clouds, 39 percent included mountains and 34 percent included mountain lakes. By his own estimation, Ross completed more than 30,000 paintings in his lifetime.^[26]

Other media appearances

Ross was fond of country music, and in 1987 he was invited on stage by Hank Snow at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee. The audience gave him a huge ovation; he was slightly nervous at first, but felt better after cracking a joke to the crowd. Snow was later given a private painting lesson by Ross.^[27]

Ross visited New York City to promote his hardcover book, The Best of the Joy of Painting with Bob Ross,^[28] and painting techniques to a studio audience several times. One visit in 1989 he appeared on The Joan Rivers Show. He returned in 1992 for a live show with hosts Regis Philbin and Kathie Lee Gifford. There was one in 1994, when Phil Donahue, who watched his videos and loved his painting technique, invited him to the show to promote his work. Ross took five audience members on-stage to do a painting and even Phil himself did a painting and showed it in that episode.

In the early 1990s, Ross did several MTV promotional spots that, according to the American City Business Journals, "dovetailed perfectly with Generation X's burgeoning obsession with all things ironic and retro."^[29]

Personal life

Ross had one son, Steven Ross, with his first wife, Vivian Ridge. Steven, also a talented painter, occasionally appeared on The Joy of Painting and became a Ross-certified instructor.^[10] Steven appeared on camera in the last episode of Season 1, in which he read a series of general "how-to" questions sent in by viewers during the season, and Bob answered them one at a time, technique by technique, until he had completed an entire painting.

Ross and Ridge's marriage ended in divorce in 1977. Ross and his second wife, Jane, had no children together.^[10] In 1992, Jane died of cancer. In 1995, two months before his death, Ross married for a third time to Lynda Brown.^[30]

Ross is known to have been very secretive about his life and had a great liking for privacy, with only a tight circle of friends. Some of only a few interviews with his close-knit circle of friends and his family can be found in the 2011 PBS documentary Bob Ross: The Happy Painter.^[9] His company, Bob Ross Inc., is protective of his intellectual property and his privacy to this day.^[4][9]

Illness and death

Ross was diagnosed with lymphoma in the spring of 1994, which eventually forced him to retire; the final episode of The Joy of Painting aired on May 17, 1994. He died at the age of 52 on July 4, 1995.^[10][31] His remains are interred at Woodlawn Memorial Park in Gotha, Florida, under a plaque marked: "Bob Ross; Television Artist".^[32][33] Ross kept his diagnosis a secret from the general public, and his lymphoma was not known outside of his circle of family and friends until after his death.^[4][9]

Legacy

Since his death, Ross has been embedded in multiple instances of pop culture. Commenting for a 2017 news story about him, entertainment website Screen Rant would note that the artist "continues to have one of the most remarkable second lives of any media figure of the past several decades" ^[34] References to him have been included in television shows including Family Guy,^[35] The Boondocks,^[36] and Peep Show.^[37] and Wreck it Ralph.

His videos became popular with devotees of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR).^[11]

In 2015, Bob Ross was included in a commercial for HGTV Sherwin-Williams paint along with Leonardo da Vinci, Andy Warhol, Michelangelo and Vincent van Gogh.^[40]

As part of the launch of Twitch Creative, Twitch.tv hosted a nine-day marathon of Bob Ross' The Joy of Painting series which started on October 29, 2015 in commemoration of what would have been his 73rd birthday.^[41][42][43] Twitch reported that 5.6 million viewers watched the marathon, and due to its popularity, created a weekly rebroadcast with one season of The Joy of Painting to air on Twitch each Monday, and will have a marathon of episodes each October 29. A portion of the advertising revenue has been promised to charities, including St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.^[44]

In June 2016, Ross' series Beauty Is Everywhere was added to the Netflix lineup. The 30-minute episodes are taken from seasons 20, 21 and 22 of the original The Joy of Painting series.^[45][46]

In May 2017, Ross' likeness was added as a skin for Sylvanus in the MOBA video game Smite^[47] Of the inclusion, website Venturebeat would go on to call it,"one of the most bizarre crossovers in gaming history," ^[48] At one point Ross was going to have his own video game to be released on Wii, the Nintendo DS, and PC, with development handled by AGFRAG Entertainment Group,^[49][50] although this never came to fruition.

In 2017, a board game titled Bob Ross: The Art of Chill was released and carried by Target Stores.^[51]

In November 2017, a spoof of Bob Ross and his TV show, The Joy of Painting, was used as the basis of a teaser trailer for the movie Deadpool 2.^[52] The same month, a Chia Pet model in Bob Ross's likeness was also released.^[53]

References

Further reading

• {{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/pbs-video-mashup-honors-bob-ross_n_1705366.html | title=PBS Video Mashup Honors 'Joy Of Painting' Host | publisher=Huffington Post | date=July 26, 2012 | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | agency=Associated Press}}

External links

• {{official website|http://www.bobross.com}}
• {{Find a Grave|19437}}
• {{youtube|u=BobRossInc}}
• {{IMDb name|1470679}}
• {{Twitch|bobross}}
• Bob Ross Gravesite
• Bob Ross Life, Death and Legacy Page

• Heartland (disambiguation)
• Heartland Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008
• Heartland Emmy Awards
• Heartland Farms
• Heartland F C
• Heartland FC
• Heartland F. C.
• Heartland (Final Fantasy album)
• Heartland Food Corporation
• Heartland (George Strait song)
• Heartland Highway
• Heartland Homes
• Heartland Industrial Partners
• Heartland Institute
• Heartland Light Rail System (Kansas City, Missouri)
• Heartland Mall
• Heartland Mall (Singapore)
• Heartland Mall, Singapore
• Heartland Men's Chorus
• Heartland Ministries
• Heartland Ministries Radio
• Heartland of America Park
• Heartland of Tasmania
• Heartland (Owen Pallett album)
• Heartland Park