| 词条 | Bolivia–India relations |
| 释义 |
Bolivia–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between Bolivia and India. HistoryThe Embassy of India in Lima, Peru has been jointly accredited to Bolivia since April 1981. India also maintains honorary consuls general in La Paz and Santa Cruz, although the latter is not currently functioning. Bolivia opened its embassy in New Delhi in 2012, and Jorge Cardenas Robles assumed office as the first resident Ambassador of Bolivia to India on 8 November 2012.[1] The first India-Bolivia Foreign Office Consultations were held in La Paz on 20 November 2014. Several ministerial level visits between the two countries have taken place.[1] TradeBilateral trade between Bolivia and India totaled US$314.684 million in 2015-16. India exported $74.432 million worth of goods to Ecuador, and imported $240.252 million in 2015-16.[1] The main commodities exported by India to Bolivia are automobiles, iron and steel, pharmaceuticals, machinery, rubber and plastic products and yarns and textiles. The major commodities imported by India from Bolivia are gold, leather and animal feed.[1]The two countries are negotiating a BIPPA (Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement).[1] Indian firm Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. was awarded a contract to develop the El Mutun iron ore mine in 2007. The company announced that it would invest $2.3 billion to establish a steel plant, in what was the largest foreign direct investment in Bolivian history.[2] However, the company shut down the project in July 2012, accusing the Bolivian Government of not fulfilling "contract conditions".[3][1] In August 2014, the International Chamber of Commerce ruled in favour of Jindal and ordered the state-owned mining company Empresa Siderúrgica del Mutún to pay Jindal $22.5 million in compensation.[4] Indian pesticides company UPL has an office in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Ashok Leyland operates in Bolivia through an agreement with COFADENA. Indian car manufacturer Tata Motors retails its vehicles through an authorized dealer in Bolivia.[1] DefenceIn May 2009, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs turned down a request from Bolivia for a line of credit to purchase seven HAL Dhruvs for the Bolivian Air Force.[5] Bolivian Defence Minister Reymi Ferreira and COFEDENA General Manager Col. Felipe Eduardo Vasquez Moya visited Goa in March 2016 to participate DEFEXPO 2016.[6][7] Cultural relationsBolivia and India signed an agreement on cultural co-operation in 1997.[1] Bollywood films, music, and dance are popular in Bolivia. Bollywood dance academies (locally known as Danca-Indu) and Indian dance groups are present in the cities of La Paz, Cochabamba, Potosí and Oruro.[8]According to a report by hotel bookings website Hotels.com, Bolivian tourists spent the most money in India in the first six months of 2016, spending an average of {{INRConvert|12128}} during the period, 28% higher than they spent in the first 6 months of 2015.[9] Foreign aidIndia provided financial support to install solar lighting at the Archaeological Complex of Tiwanaku. India donated $200,000 worth of medicines in the aftermath of landslides in Bolivia in 2007, and $100,000 cash in response to floods caused by La Niña in 2008. India provided Bolivia with $200,000 cash to deal with floods in the North and Central regions of the country in 2011.[1] In September 2016, India donated $3.3 million to establish a center of excellence in technology in Bolivia. At the ceremony to sign the agreement, Bolivian President Evo Morales announced that the country would seek India's help to build its first ever pharmaceutical plant in the city of Cochabamba.[10] Citizens of Bolivia are eligible for scholarships under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.[11][1] Indians in BoliviaAs of December 2016, there are around 100 Indians in Bolivia. They are primarily involved in retail, transportation, agriculture, and religious communities.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|title=India – Bolivia Relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India_Bolivia_December_2016.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|accessdate=29 March 2017|date=December 2016}} {{Foreign relations of Bolivia}}{{Foreign relations of India}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolivia-India relations}}2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ronakdesai/2015/06/25/a-new-era-for-india-latin-america-relations/#d28943710e26|title=A New Era For India-Latin America Relations?|last=Desai|first=Ronak D.|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-03-29}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Naveen Jindal's Bolivia Exit - Another Lesson Learnt {{!}} Forbes India Blog|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/blog/business-strategy/naveen-jindals-bolivia-exit-another-lesson-learnt/|website=Forbes India|accessdate=29 March 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Dube|first1=Ryan|title=Bolivia to Appeal Ruling Favoring India's Jindal in El Mutún Dispute|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bolivia-to-appeal-ruling-favoring-indias-jindal-in-el-mutun-dispute-1409074729|website=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=29 March 2017|date=26 August 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Shukla|first1=Ajai|title=MEA shoots down defence ministry's helicopter export|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mea-shoots-down-defence-ministry-39-s-helicopter-export-109052300065_1.html|website=Business Standard India|accessdate=29 March 2017|date=23 May 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Defence Expo 2016: For the first time, two Senior Ministers from Bolivia in India for bilateral cooperation|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/defence-expo-2016-for-the-first-time-two-senior-ministers-from-bolivia-in-india-for-bilateral-cooperation/articleshow/51603311.cms|website=The Economic Times|accessdate=29 March 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Mitra|first1=Devirupa|title=Bolivia, On Hunt for Indian Investment, Wants to Close Chapter on Jindal Dispute - The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/27157/settlement-with-jindal-steel-almost-finished-says-bolivian-minister/|website=thewire.in|accessdate=29 March 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Bhandary|first1=Sachin|title=The Bollywood dancers of Bolivia|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xwCTYSPw1udIK7gFALEvzO/The-Bollywood-dancers-of-Bolivia.html|website=www.livemint.com/|accessdate=29 March 2017|date=19 February 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Tourists from Bolivia spent most in India H1 of 2016: Report|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tourists-from-bolivia-spent-most-in-india-h1-of-2016-report/1/850364.html|website=India Today|accessdate=29 March 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Bolivia, India in talks to build $350 mn pharmaceutical plant|url=http://www.efe.com/efe/english/business/bolivia-india-in-talks-to-build-350-mn-pharmaceutical-plant/50000265-3041429|website=www.efe.com|accessdate=29 March 2017|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Home > Partner Countries > Bolivia|url=https://www.itecgoi.in/Bolivia.php|website=Indian Technical & Economic Cooperation Programme|accessdate=29 March 2017|language=en}} 2 : Bilateral relations of Bolivia|Bilateral relations of India |
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