“Wheatbelt (Western Australia)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation.{{efn|At least some early twentieth century references have "wheat belt" as two separate words.^[1]^[2]}} It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields-Esperance region. It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region. Altogether, it has an area of {{convert|154862|km2|sqmi|0}} (including islands).

The region has 43 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.^[3]

Ecosystems

The area, once a diverse ecosystem, where clearing began in the 1890s with the removal of plant species such as eucalypt woodlands and mallee, is now home to around 11% of Australia's critically endangered plants.^[4]

The Wheatbelt encompasses a range of ecosystems and, as a result, there are a range of industries operating in the region.{{clarify me|date=October 2018}}

In the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia there are a number of subdivisions such as the Avon Wheatbelt (AVW), and a further breakdown of Avon Wheatbelt P1 (AW1) and Avon Wheatbelt P2 (AW2), Jarrah Forest, Geraldton Sandplains and Mallee regions.

Industry and economy

Near the coast, the region receives relatively high rainfall and mild temperatures, and its {{convert|150|km|mi|0}} of coastline is a significant tourist area. In contrast, the eastern fringe is very arid, and is mainly used for pastoral farming of sheep. Mining of gold, nickel and iron ore also occurs. The remainder of the region is highly suited to agriculture, and is the source of nearly two thirds of the state's wheat production, half of its wool production, and the majority of its lamb and mutton, oranges, honey, cut flowers and a range of other agricultural and pastoral products.

Change

With a range of climate and economic changes in the region, considerable effort is made by government at all levels to cope with the decline of some communities, and create opportunities for ventures that keep population in the region.^[5]

Transport

The Wheatbelt once had an extensive railway system, which transported bulk wheat grain. It has been reduced in part, while the main lines are being supported.

Six main highways radiating out from Perth serve the Wheatbelt: Brand Highway (north-west to {{WAcity|Geraldton}}), Great Northern Highway (north-east to {{WAcity|Wyndham}}), Great Eastern Highway (east to {{WAcity|Kalgoorlie}}), Great Southern Highway (east to {{WAcity|York}}, then south to {{WAcity|Cranbrook}}), Brookton Highway (east-south-east to {{WAcity|Brookton}}), and Albany Highway (south-east to {{WAcity|Albany}}). A network of main roads connects towns within the Wheatbelt to each other, the highways, and neighbouring regions, with local roads providing additional links and access to smaller townsites. Roads are often named after the towns they connect.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Local government areas

The following list is those shires listed in the Wheatbelt as designated by the Wheatbelt Development Commission.^[9] Some shires in adjoining regions are traditionally considered part of the Wheatbelt – there are shires in the Great Southern, Goldfields-Esperance and Mid West regions that are dominantly grain growing areas. All but one of the region's local government areas are shires:

Sub-regions within the Wheatbelt

There are numerous subdivisions of the Wheatbelt, and in most cases the separation is by local government areas.

Wheatbelt Development Commission

The Wheatbelt Development Commission^[10] (WDC) breaks the region up into five sub-regions with five offices:

Tourism regions

In some schemes, such as one of the Western Australian tourism regions, all of the Wheatbelt is included in the larger Australia's Golden Outback.^[11]^[12]^[13]

However the shires within the Wheatbelt are also in tourist terms further divided into internal regions:

Other regional designations

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27788738 |title=THE WHEAT BELT. |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=13 October 1920 |accessdate=11 September 2015 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87202648 |title=The New Agricultural Commissioner for Western Australia's Wheat Belt. |newspaper=Bunbury Herald |location=WA |date=27 April 1911 |accessdate=11 September 2015 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.drd.wa.gov.au/Publications/Documents/A_region_in_profile_2014_Wheatbelt.pdf#search=2014%20wheatbelt|title=Government of Western Australia Department of Regional Development|last=|first=|date=2014|work=Wheatbelt: a region in profile 2014|publisher=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Silcock|first=Jen|title=Hanging on: What does it mean to be Red Hot?: Australia's most imperilled plants and their recovery|journal=Wildlife Australia|date=1 September 2016|volume=53|issue=3|url=http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=360043347847795;res=IELAPA|language=en}}
5. ^http://www.wheatbelt.wa.gov.au/ Wheatbelt Development Commission
6. ^{{cite MRWA map|WB-ISA|accessdate=5 October 2013}}
7. ^{{cite MRWA map|WN|accessdate=5 October 2013}}
8. ^{{cite MRWA map|WS|accessdate=5 October 2013}}
9. ^http://wheatbelt.wa.gov.au/Maps – the most helpful maps being the "Wheatbelt Development Commission Map"
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://wheatbelt.wa.gov.au|title=Wheatbelt Development Commission|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2 October 2013}}
11. ^{{Citation | author1=Western Australian Visitor Centre | title=Western Australia's golden outback self drive guide : Gascoyne & Murchison, Wheatbelt, Coastal & Esperance, Kalgoorlie & Goldfields | publication-date=2004 | publisher=Western Australian Visitor Centre | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9603613 | accessdate=10 February 2019 }}
12. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.australiasgoldenoutback.com/travel-destinations-outback-australia/Wheatbelt_and_Wave_Rock|title=Wheatbelt and Wave Rock|publisher=Australia's Golden Outback|accessdate=31 October 2015}}
13. ^{{Citation | author1=Western Australian Visitor Centre | title=Australia's golden outback, Western Australia : holiday planner | publication-date=2000 | publisher=Western Australian Visitor Centre | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/33420634 | accessdate=10 February 2019 }}
14. ^{{Citation | author1=True, Denise | author2=Western Australia. Department of Agriculture | title=North-east wheatbelt remnant vegetation survey. Volume A, Koorda : prepared for WA Department of Agriculture | publication-date=1995 | publisher=The Dept | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21246115 | accessdate=11 February 2019 }}
15. ^{{Citation | author1=Wooller, Susan J | author2=Moore, Susan A | author3=Australian Heritage Commission | author4=Western Australian Natural Environment Evaluation Panel | title=Regional assessment of the wheatbelt of Western Australia : Central Wheatbelt | publication-date=2000 | publisher=Murdoch University | isbn=978-0-86905-746-9 }}
16. ^{{Citation | author1=Promaco Geodraft | title=The Open Wheatbelt | publication-date=2013 | publisher=[Mount Hawthorn, Western Australia] Promaco Geodraft | edition=5th edition, January 2013 | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/200182202 | accessdate=11 February 2019 }}