| 词条 | Wheel (computing) |
| 释义 |
In computing, the term wheel refers to a user account with a wheel bit, a system setting that provides additional special system privileges that empower a user to execute restricted commands that ordinary user accounts cannot access.[1][2] OriginsThe term wheel was first applied to computer user privilege levels after the introduction of the TENEX operating system, later distributed under the name TOPS-20 in the 1960s and early 1970s.[2][3] The term was derived from the slang phrase big wheel, referring to a person with great power or influence.[1] In the 1980s, the term was imported into Unix culture due to the migration of operating system developers and users from TENEX/TOPS-20 to Unix.[2] Wheel groupModern Unix systems generally use user groups as a security protocol to control access privileges. The wheel group is a special user group used on some Unix systems to control access to the su[4][5] or sudo command, which allows a user to masquerade as another user (usually the super user).[1][2][6] Wheel warThe phrase wheel war, which originated at Stanford University,[7] was first documented in the 1983 version of The Jargon File. A 'wheel war' was characterized as a part of an immature 'larval phase' wherein students with administrative privileges would attempt to lock each other out of a university's multi-user (see also: multiseat) computer system, sometimes causing unintentional harm to other users.[8] By January 2006, it had come into colloquial use amongst Wikipedia administrators in reference to the misuse of administrative tools by one administrator against another administrator, during editor disagreements and disputes.[9] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Wheel |url=http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/W/wheel.html |accessdate=2017-04-22 |work= Jargon File 4.4.7 |publisher=Eric S. Raymond }} {{portal|Computer}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Wheel bit |url=http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/W/wheel-bit.html |accessdate=2017-04-22 |work= Jargon File 4.4.7 |publisher=Eric S. Raymond }} 3. ^{{cite web |title= TWENEX|url= http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/T/TWENEX.html |accessdate=2008-09-12 |work=Jargon File 4.4.7 |publisher=Eric S. Raymond }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://man.openbsd.org/su|title=su(1) - OpenBSD manual pages|website=man.openbsd.org|access-date=2018-05-05}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=su&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+11.1-RELEASE+and+Ports&arch=default&format=html|title=su|website=www.freebsd.org|access-date=2018-05-05}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=UNIX Administration: A Comprehensive Sourcebook for Effective Systems and Network Management |first=Bozidar |last=Levi |publisher=CRC Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-8493-1351-1 |page=207}} 7. ^{{cite web |title= Jargon File |author= Raymond|display-authors=etal |url= http://jargon-file.org/archive/jargon-2.1.1.dos.txt |work=Jargon File 2.1.1 |accessdate=2016-08-15 |publisher=Eric S. Raymond}} 8. ^{{cite web |title= Jargon File |author= Steele|display-authors=etal |url= http://jargon-file.org/archive/jargon-1.5.0.dos.txt |work=Jargon File 1.5.0 |accessdate=2016-08-15}} 9. ^{{cite web |title= Wikipedia:Wheel War|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wheel_war&oldid=34591218 |work=Wheel War description page on Wikipedia, revision 34591218 |date=2006-01-10 |accessdate=2018-04-14}} 2 : Unix|Computer jargon |
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