| 词条 | Bassas da India | ||||||
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Bassas da India |native_name = Bassas da India |image_flag = Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |national_motto="Liberté, égalité, fraternité" |national_anthem = La Marseillaise |image_map = Iles eparses de l'ocean Indien.svg |map_caption = Location of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean. {{vunblist |1. Bassas da India |2. Europa Island |3. Glorioso Islands |4. Juan de Nova Island |5. Tromelin Island}} }} Bassas da India is an uninhabited, roughly circular French atoll that is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about halfway between Mozambique and Madagascar (about {{convert|385|km|0|abbr=on}} further east) and around {{convert|110|km|0|abbr=on}} northwest of Europa Island, the rim of the atoll averages around 100 m in width and encloses a shallow lagoon of depth no greater than 15 m. Overall, the atoll is about {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} in diameter, rising steeply from the seabed 3000 m below to encircle an area (including lagoon) of {{convert|80|km²|0|abbr=on}}. Its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), {{convert|123700|km²|0|abbr=on}} in size, is contiguous with that of Europa Island. The atoll consists of ten barren rocky islets, with no vegetation, totalling 0.2 km² (.077 sq mi) in area. Those on the north and east sides are 2.1 to 3 m high, while those on the west and south sides are 1.2 m high. The reef, whose coastline measures {{convert|35.2|km|0|abbr=on}}, is completely covered by the sea from three hours before high tide to three hours afterward. The region is also subject to cyclones, making the atoll a long-time maritime hazard and the site of numerous shipwrecks. Jaguar Seamount and Hall Tablemount lie, respectively, about 40 and 70 km further southwest. GalleryHistoryThe Bassas da India was first recorded by Portuguese explorers in the early sixteenth century as the "Baixo da Judia" ("Jewess Shoals"). The Judia ("Jewess", for the ancestry of its owner Fernão de Loronha[1]) was the Portuguese ship that discovered the feature by running aground on it in 1506.[2] The name became "Bassas da India" due to transcription errors by cartographers. The Santiago broke up on the shoal in 1585. It was rediscovered by the Europa in 1774, whence the name "Europa Rocks".[3] The Malay was lost 27 July 1842 on the Europa Rocks.[4] In 1897, the shoal became a French possession, later being placed under the administration of a commissioner residing in Réunion in 1968. Madagascar became independent in 1960 and claims sovereignty over the shoal since 1972. TourismMooring at Bassas da India requires a permit from the French Government.[5] Fishing without such a permit may result in the boat being expelled or even confiscated.[6]Several illegal tourism charters departing from Mozambique or South Africa have been seized since 2013 by the French navy.[7] [8]References1. ^Bernardo Gomes de Brito. Historia Tragico-Maritima. Em que se escrevem chronologicamente os Naufragios que tiverão as Naos de Portugal, depois que se poz em exercicio a Navegação da India. Lisboa 1735 2. ^Natal Museum. Natal Museum journal of humanities, Vol. 12. The Museum Council (Pietermaritzburg), 2000. 3. ^"...Europa [R]ocks, was {{sic}} discovered by the ship Europa in 1774." In Africa pilot, Part 3 Hydrographic Office of Great Britain. 4. ^Historical Sketch of Salem, 1626–1879. 5. ^{{fr icon}} Iles Eparses Access 6. ^{{fr icon}} 5 July 1983 French Law 7. ^French navy near Bassas da India 8. ^French_Navy Bassas_da_India_2014 Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Bassas da India}}
8 : Indian Ocean atolls of France|Atolls of Madagascar|Uninhabited islands of France|Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands|Territorial disputes of France|Territorial disputes of Madagascar|Bassas da India|France–Madagascar relations |
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