| 词条 | Bradford power station |
| 释义 |
| name = Bradford Power Station | name_official = Valley Road Power Station | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = West Yorkshire | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Location within Bradford | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|53.802947|-1.754141|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = England | location = Bradford, West Yorkshire | status = D | construction_began = 1896 | commissioned = 1897 | decommissioned = 1976 | cost = | owner = | operator = Bradford Corporation 1897–1948 CEGB 1955–1976 | th_fuel_primary = Coal | th_cooling_towers = | ps_electrical_capacity = 70 MW }} Bradford Power Station (also known as Valley Road Power Station)[1] was an electricity generating site located on Valley Road in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The primary source of fuel was coal which was railed into the sidings adjacent to the {{rws|Bradford Forster Square}} to {{rws|Shipley}} railway line. The plant operated for 79 years and had cooling towers constructed from wood and was noted for its {{convert|300|ft|adj=on}} chimney that was supposed to vent smoke away from the valley floor in Bradford Dale that the power station was located on. The commissioning of a power station in Bradford as operated by the Bradford Corporation, made it the first municipal supplier of electricity in the United Kingdom. HistoryIn 1882, the United Kingdom Government passed the Electric Lighting Act.[2] This allowed individuals, private companies and corporations the right to build and operate their own power generating sites.{{sfn|Parsons|1940|p=122}} The Bradford Corporation, who also supplied water and other services to the City of Bradford, applied for a license and were granted one in 1883, though they did not commission anything until 1887 when a small generating site was built on Bolton Road.{{sfn|Parsons|1940|p=122–123}} This made the Bradford Corporation the first municipal provider of electricity in the United Kingdom.[3] In 1889, the power was used in the private homes of 43 consumers; by 1960, the power station on Valley Road was supplying electricity to over 134,000 homes.[4] By the middle of the 1890s, it was clear that the original site in Bolton Road was not capable of generating the electrical needs of the growing city and so another site was commissioned between Canal Road and Valley Road in the north of the city{{sfn|Parsons|1940|p=123}} which adjoined the Leeds and Bradford Railway lines approaching Forster Square station.[5] The foundation stone was laid in June 1896{{sfn|Parsons|1940|p=123–124}} with Bradford Power Station opening a year later in 1897.[5] The power station's location in the north end of the city, low in the valley of Bradforddale, meant that a {{convert|300|ft|adj=on}} chimney was constructed to vent the smoke away from the valley floor.[6] The valley floor was heavily polluted by industries burning low carbon coal, so an order was instituted before the power station was built stipulating that chimneys were to be at least {{convert|90|ft}} in height.[7] A new turbo power generator was installed on the site in 1930. It was named Princess Mary and was unveiled by its namesake Princess Mary. This made Bradford Power station the most powerful generating concern under local authority control at that time.[8] The power station was extended in 1939 and again in 1947, so that by its closure in 1976, it was capable of generating 70 megaWatts of power.[9] It was noted for its Davenport Towers (cooling towers constructed of wood, which at the Bradford site were over {{convert|140|ft|adj=on}} high, some of the highest noted in England).[10][11][12][13] By the time of its closure, the power station also had one conventional concrete cooling tower at the northern end of the site besides retaining many of the original wooden towers.[14] The power station consumed {{convert|200|tonne}} of coal per day which also resulted in over {{convert|3,000,000|impgal}} of water being used through the system.[6] Coal was railed into the site via a conveyor system located on the western side of the station via the Midland Railway sidings in Valley Road.[15] The power station was given a 12 month notice of closure in October 1975, with full closure being effected in October 1976.[16] The site was demolished in 1978 and is now occupied by commercial and industrial units.[17] Notes1. ^{{cite web |title=ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, BRADFORD. (Hansard, 27 February 1936) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1936/feb/27/electricity-supply-bradford |website=api.parliament.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Electric Lighting Act 1882 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/45-46/56/enacted |website=www.legislation.gov.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Butler |first1=Scott |title=UK Electricity Networks |url=https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/e5.pdf |website=parliament.uk |publisher=Imperial College of Science |accessdate=22 December 2018 |page=10 |format=PDF |date=September 2001}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Firth |first1=Gary |title=A history of Bradford |date=1997 |publisher=Phillimore |location=Chichester |isbn=1-86077-057-6 |page=120}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=Bradford Power Station |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Bradford_Power_Station |website=www.gracesguide.co.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Mead |first1=Helen |title=7 PICTURES: Uncovering the hidden history of Bradford's ever-changing cityscape |url=https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/tahistory/featuresnostalgiapasttimes/13613055.7-pictures-uncovering-the-hidden-history-of-bradfords-ever-changing-cityscape/ |accessdate=18 December 2018 |work=Bradford Telegraph and Argus |date=19 August 2015}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Richardson |first1=Clement |title=Clearing the Air |journal=The Bradford Antiquary |date=1986 |volume=2 |issue=Third Series |pages=28–34 |publisher=Bradford Historical and Antiquarian Society |location=Bradford |issn=0955-2553}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Mark |title=Bradford Through Time. |date=2011 |publisher=Amberley |location=Stroud |isbn=978-1-4456-0330-8 |page=93}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Coal-fired Power Stations (Hansard, 16 January 1984) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1984/jan/16/coal-fired-power-stations |website=api.parliament.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |title=GANSG - Electricity Generating Stations |url=http://www.igg.org.uk/gansg/12-linind/elec.htm |website=www.igg.org.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 11. ^Davenport Towers were so called as they were constructed by Davenport Engineering who were located in Harris Street, Bradford. 12. ^{{cite web |title=Davenport Engineering Co |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Davenport_Engineering_Co |website=www.gracesguide.co.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=GANSG - Industrial ancillary structures |url=https://www.igg.org.uk/rail/12-linind/b-ancil.htm |website=www.igg.org.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Hillmer |first1=John |last2=Shannon |first2=Paul |title=Yorkshire : the West Riding |date=2005 |publisher=Past & Present Pub |location=Kettering |isbn=978-1-85895-240-6 |page=92}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Bridge – Bradford and District Local Studies |url=https://bradfordlocalstudies.wordpress.com/tag/bridge/ |website=bradfordlocalstudies.wordpress.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Power Stations (Hansard, 5 December 1975) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1975/dec/05/power-stations |website=api.parliament.uk |accessdate=18 December 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Recording our shared Industrial Heritage |url=http://www.industrialhistoryonline.co.uk/yiho/shortform.php?Trans_ID=WYK01421.695 |website=www.industrialhistoryonline.co.uk |accessdate=23 December 2018}} References{{reflist}}Sources
External links
6 : Buildings and structures in the City of Bradford|Power stations in Yorkshire and the Humber|Former power stations in England|Coal-fired power stations in England|Former coal-fired power stations|Buildings and structures in Bradford |
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