“Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

It is a non-invasive, scientific technique with a great degree of sensitivity and a neuro-psychological method of interrogation which is sometimes also referred to as 'brain fingerprinting'.

History

The methodology was developed by Champadi Raman Mukundan (C. R. Mukundan), a Neuroscientist, former Professor & Head of Clinical Psychology at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Bangalore, India),^[3] while he worked as a Research Consultant to TIFAC-DFS Project on 'Normative Data for Brain Electrical Activation Profiling'.^[4]

His works are based on research that was also formerly pursued by other scientists at American universities including J. Peter Rosenfeld, Lawrence Farwell & Emanuel Donchin.^[5]

Principle

The human brain receives millions of arrays of signals in different modalities, all through the waking periods. These signals are classified and stored in terms of their relationship perceived as function of experience and available knowledge base of an individual, as well as new relationship produced through sequential processing. The process of encoding is primarily when the individual is directly participating in an activity or experiencing it.^[6]

It is considered secondary, when the information is obtained from a secondary source viz. books, conversations, hearsay etc. in which there is no primary experiential component and the brain deals mainly with conceptual aspects.^[7]

Primary encoding is deep seated and has specific source memory in terms of time and space of occurrence of experience, as individual himself/herself has shared or participated in the experience/act/event at certain time in his/her life at a certain place.

It is found that when the brain of an individual is activated by a piece of information of an event in which he/she has taken part, the brain of the individual will respond differently from that of a person who has received the same information from secondary sources (non-experiential).^[8]

BEOSP is based on this principle, thereby intending to demonstrate that the suspect who have primary encoded information of those who have participated in the suspected events^[9] will show responses indicating firsthand (personally acquired) knowledge of the event.

Procedure

Ideally, no questions are to be asked while conducting the test; rather, the subject is simply provided with the probable events/scenarios in the aftermath of which, the results are analyzed to verify if the brain produces any experiential knowledge, which is essentially the recognition of events disclosed. This way, all fundamental rights are protected, as neither there are no questions that are being asked or any answers reciprocated.

Applications

Criticism

See also

External links

1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Rissman|first=Jesse|last2=Greely|first2=Henry T.|last3=Wagner|first3=Anthony D.|date=2010-05-25|title=Detecting individual memories through the neural decoding of memory states and past experience|pmc=2906873|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=107|issue=21|pages=9849–9854|doi=10.1073/pnas.1001028107|issn=0027-8424|pmid=20457911|via=}}
2. ^Gaudet, Lyn M. 2011. “BRAIN FINGERPRINTING, SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, AND DAUBERT: A CAUTIONARY LESSON FROM INDIA.” Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science & Technology 51(3):293–318. Retrieved (https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/lpsyr30&div=4&id=&page=).
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/48486571/Rose_The_Mind_Transparent_No_Endnote_FINAL_for_publication_in_Body_Society.pdf|title=The Mind Transparent? Reading the human brain.|last=|first=|date=|website=King's College London|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.axxonet.com/pdfs/BEOS_Profile_of_Experiential_Knowledge.pdf|title=Brain Electrical Oscillations Signature Profile Brain Electrical Oscillations Signature Profile of Experiential Knowledge|last=|first=|date=|website=Axxonet - A Research Center recognised by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/world/asia/15iht-15brainscan.16148673.html|title=India's use of brain scans in courts dismays critics|last=Giridharadas|first=Anand|date=2008-09-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-12|issn=0362-4331}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://cubist.cs.washington.edu/Security/2008/11/19/security-review-brain-electrical-oscillation-signature-profiling-in-criminal-trials/|title=UW Computer Security Research and Course Blog » Security Review: Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling in Criminal Trials|website=cubist.cs.washington.edu|access-date=2017-03-12}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://dfsl.maharashtra.gov.in/1121/Psychology|title=Directorate of Forensic Science Laboratories|last=|first=|date=|website=Government of Maharashtra|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://forensic-centre.com/2013/07/26/brainwave-signature-profiling/|title=Brainwave Signature Profiling|last=Ashcroft|first=Keith|date=2013-07-26|website=Centre for Forensic Neuroscience|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-12}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/This-brain-test-maps-the-truth/articleshow/3257032.cms|title=This brain test maps the truth - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-03-12}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Sederberg|first=Per B.|last2=Schulze-Bonhage|first2=Andreas|last3=Madsen|first3=Joseph R.|last4=Bromfield|first4=Edward B.|last5=Litt|first5=Brian|last6=Brandt|first6=Armin|last7=Kahana|first7=Michael J.|date=2007-11-01|title=Gamma Oscillations Distinguish True From False Memories|journal=Psychological Science|language=en|volume=18|issue=11|pages=927–932|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02003.x|issn=0956-7976|pmc=2897900|pmid=17958703}}