| 词条 | BraSCII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = BraSCII |image = BRASCII-infobox.svg |alias = ABNT |lang = Portuguese, English, various others |extends = ECMA-94:1985, US-ASCII |basedon = DEC MCS |otherrelated = ISO-8859-1 (ECMA-94:1986 or later) }}BraSCII is an encoded repertoire of characters that was used in Brazil. It was used in the 1980s on several printers, in applications like {{ill|Carta Certa|pt}}, in video boards{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} and it was the standard character set in the Brazilian line of MSX computers.[1] HistoryThis character set was devised in 1986[2] by the Brazilian National Standards Organization (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT)) through the standard NBR-9614:1986 and later revised in 1991 in the standard NBR-9611:1991.[3] The code is based on the ISO/IEC 4873[4] standards, and it was nicknamed “BraSCII” (Brazilian Standard Code for Information Interchange) in analogy to “American Standard Code for Information Interchange” (ASCII). While ASCII is a 7-bit code, BraSCII is an 8-bit code,[4] where the characters from 160 to 255 were configured to support extended characters. It is nearly identical to ECMA-94 (1985) and ISO 8859-1 (1987) except that the characters × and ÷ are replaced by Œ and œ,[5][6][7] as they still were in the Multinational Character Set (MCS, 1983) and Lotus International Character Set (LICS, 1985), whereas these code points were empty in the earliest versions of ECMA-94 (1985)[8] and ISO 8859-1. In some other devices, this character set is simply referred as “ABNT”. This character set[9] was different from the other Brazilian character set, ABICOMP. The goal of this character set was to eliminate the “Babel’s Tower”[4] of the existing coding systems for the Portuguese language (ISO IR-16, ISO IR-84, IBM 256 , IBM 275, IBM 850, DEC Multinational, HP Roman-8, Mac OS Roman, etc.). In spite of that, this code set had troubles in imposing itself,[2][4] mainly due to the pressure of big multinational corporations and finished by being less and less used because of the ubiquity of other character sets (ISO 8859-1 and later Unicode). Coverage{{See also|Latin-script alphabet}}Each character is encoded as a single eight-bit code value. These code values can be used in almost any data interchange system to communicate in the following languages (with a few exceptions due to missing characters, as noted): Modern languages with complete coverage{{col-begin}}{{col-break|width=20%}}
The letter ÿ, which appears in French only very rarely, and never at the beginning of words, is included only in lowercase form. The slot corresponding to its uppercase form is occupied by the lowercase letter ß from the German language, which itself is rarely used in its uppercase form.
Boxes indicate differences from ISO 8859-1. References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://sourceforge.net/p/openmsx/feature-requests/211/|title=openMSX / Feature Requests (DISABLED) / #211 MSX models are too european-centric for a japanese standard|website=sourceforge.net}} {{character encoding}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.cos.ufrj.br/shialc/content/docs/3.5_22SHIALCCarvalho_paper.pdf|title=A batalha dos protocolos de redes de computadores localizada (no Brasil) no fim do Século XX|publisher=|access-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215144225/http://www.cos.ufrj.br/shialc/content/docs/3.5_22SHIALCCarvalho_paper.pdf#|archive-date=2017-12-15|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^Ficha descritiva da norma NBR-9611 at ABNT site 4. ^1 2 3 Indústria Brasileira de Computadores — Perspectivas até os anos 90 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://twinhead.manuals365.com/swf/epson/sc200_u1.html?page=119|title=Epson Stylus Color 200 User Guide - PC865 Nordic, Abicomp, BRASCII|website=twinhead.manuals365.com}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.star-m.jp/eng/service/usermanual/lc8021um.pdf|title=Star LC 8021 User's Manual|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.user-manual.info/760683/printer/brother/hl-2135w/136/|title=User manual for Brother HL-2135W - a user manual, servicing manual, settings and specifications ofBrother HL-2135W - page 136 - User manuals and advice for your devices - User-Manual.info|website=www.user-manual.info}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=Standard ECMA-94: 8-bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Set |publisher=European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) |date=March 1985 |orig-year=1984-12-14 |edition=1 |url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-94,%201st%20Edition,%20March%201985.pdf |access-date=2016-12-01 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202011921/http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-94%2C%201st%20Edition%2C%20March%201985.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-02 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://my.okidata.com/man-okipos425d.nsf/MOCContents/0070FDD018C775A685256AF800514082?OpenDocument|title=Oki Data OKIPOS 425 D Developer's Guide 6.2.2.7 Abicomp|website=my.okidata.com}} 3 : Character sets|History of Brazil|Information technology in Brazil |
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