“Wholesaling”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services.^[1] In general, it is the sale of goods to anyone other than a standard consumer.

According to the United Nations Statistics Division, wholesale is the resale (sale without transformation) of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an agent or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort and grade goods in large lots, break bulk, repack and redistribute in smaller lots.^[2] While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, wholesale marketing for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are congregated.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products.^[3] However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there are an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia.

In the banking industry "wholesale" usually refers to wholesale banking, providing tailored services to large customers, in contrast with retail banking, providing standardized services to large numbers of smaller customers.

Taxes

Often, in the United States, wholesalers are not required to charge their buyers sales tax, if the buyer has a resale license in the state the wholesaler is located. Out of state buyers are not charged sale tax by wholesalers. ^[4]

Direct selling

The alternative to selling wholesale to distributors or retailers is to sell retail^[5] either through company-owned stores or online. Advantages include receiving a larger slice of the price paid by the consumer; disadvantages include difficulty in reaching consumers.^[6]

Top wholesalers in U.S

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/completeacc_e.htm#chn|title=WTO – accession : Protocols of accession for new members since 1995, including commitments in goods and services|author=|date=|website=www.wto.org|accessdate=8 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304113229/https://www.wto.org/english/theWTO_e/acc_e/completeacc_e.htm#chn|archivedate=4 March 2018|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6|title=United Nations Statistics Division – Classifications Registry|author=|date=|website=unstats.un.org|accessdate=8 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321131122/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6|archivedate=21 March 2018|df=}}
3. ^{{cite book | last = Chandler | first = A. D. | authorlink = | title = Scale and scope The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. | year = 1994 | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages = 29 }}
4. ^Michael Gravette, wholesaler for 32 years.
5. ^{{cite web|title=Als Lieferant mitmachen|url=http://www.eu-lieferanten.de/|publisher=eu-lieferanten.de|accessdate=9 April 2013|language=German|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411083054/http://www.eu-lieferanten.de/|archivedate=11 April 2013|df=}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Clothing Companies Trying to Find More Direct Paths to Customers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/business/smallbusiness/clothing-companies-try-to-sell-directly-to-consumers.html|accessdate=March 7, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 6, 2013|author=Ian Mount|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307171519/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/business/smallbusiness/clothing-companies-try-to-sell-directly-to-consumers.html|archivedate=March 7, 2013|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.csnews.com/userfiles/CSN_top25.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-08 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626050355/http://www.csnews.com/userfiles/CSN_top25.pdf |archivedate=2013-06-26 |df= }}