“Builder's photo”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A builder's photo, also called an official photo, is a specific type of photograph that is typically made by rail transport rolling stock manufacturers to show a vehicle that has been newly built or rebuilt. The builder's photo is meant to show an overview of the basic exterior form of a unit of rolling stock.^[1] Photographs made by railfans that show similar features to builder's photos are sometimes informally referred to as roster shots.^[2] Builder's photos were also made by some automobile manufacturers to show a representative sample of new models they produced.^[3]

Prints of builder's photos were also often made for executives of the manufacturers and railroad companies to hang in their offices.^[4] Builder's photos were also reproduced as post cards as well as reprinted in advertisements to promote the railroad companies or manufacturers depicted therein. In the United Kingdom, steam locomotives were often temporarily painted in photographic grey color schemes so they would photograph well in black and white images. Some details in darker-colored areas of the subject were also sometimes painted in a high-contrast bright color to ensure that they would be visible in the photograph. Historians and preservationists use builder's photos as official references to show the equipment as-built.^[5]

Builder's photos are commonly shot from an angle that shows one end, often the designated front end, and a full side of the car or locomotive. The rolling stock is normally positioned on a section of track with no other rolling stock coupled to it for the photograph. Sometimes the photograph was further processed to reduce the contrast of or even entirely remove the background to further highlight the rolling stock that was photographed.

References

1. ^{{cite journal| journal=Railroad Model Craftsman| volume=56| publisher=Carstens Publishing| year=1987| page=102| title=(untitled)| url=https://books.google.com/?id=OgIoAQAAMAAJ&q=railroad+%22builders+photo%22&dq=railroad+%22builders+photo%22| via=Google Books}}
2. ^{{cite web| url=https://akronrrclub.wordpress.com/tag/railroad-locomotive-roster-shots/| title=On Photography: Taking A Fresh Look at the Practice of Locomotive Roster Shooting, Part 1| date=January 6, 2016| website=Akron Railroad Club| first=Craig| last=Sanders| accessdate=August 15, 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.berlinaregister.com/Nl37.htm| title=Berlina Register Newsletter No. 37 (April 2014)| accessdate=August 15, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite book| title=The Long Island Railroad in Early Photographs| first=Ron| last=Ziel| year=1990| publisher=Dover Publications| location=New York| page=Image 4| isbn=9780486157603| url=https://books.google.com/?id=yTbDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT17&dq=railroad+%22builders+photo%22#v=onepage&q=railroad%20%22builders%20photo%22&f=false| via=Google Books}}
5. ^{{cite web| url=http://focus.nps.gov/GetAsset?assetID=0ded17e7-446c-457e-beef-b724b8b7fc71| page=6| title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - Rio Grande Southern Railroad Engine No. 20| publisher=United States National Park Service| date=November 14, 2000| accessdate=August 15, 2016}}