| 词条 | Wildlife contraceptive |
| 释义 |
Wildlife contraceptives of various kinds are under development. Contraceptives such as these are intended to control population growth among both tame and wild animals. White-tailed deer may be controlled with contraceptives in suburban areas, where they are sometimes a nuisance. In parts of the United States, does are shot with darts containing a contraceptive vaccine, rendering them temporarily infertile.[1] The Humane Society of the United States runs a deer birth control program, but it is experimental; it may not be cost-effective in the long run.[1][2] It may cost $300[2] to $1000[1] per deer. The vaccine used is porcine zona pellucida (PZP), or derivatives.[3] This form of immunocontraception prevents sperm from accessing an ovum.[3] Another form of deer contraception, called GonaCon, produces antibodies to sex drive hormones in the deer, causing them to lose interest in mating.[4] Similar forms of injectable contraceptive are being studied for use in elk[5] and gray squirrels.[6] Oral contraceptives may also be developed for population control among a variety of animals, including deer, feral pigs, coyotes, cougars, dogs and cats.[7] One product that has success in mice, rats, and dogs originally went by the name Mouseopause, but was approved for commercial use under the name ContraPest.[8]Pigeons have been a target for experimental contraceptives for decades.[9] An oral contraceptive is in use for the control of Canada geese.[5]A slow-release hormonal contraceptive implant for female Tasmanian devils is under development. While it may seem counter-intuitive to develop contraceptives for an endangered animal, their use is intended to promote the wild behaviour of mating freely, but without certain females over-contributing to the next generation, which "can have long-term genetic consequences for the insurance population". Contraceptive trials in male devils showed that their testosterone increased, instead of decreasing as other male mammals' testosterone does.[10] See also
References1. ^1 2 Schuerman, M. Birth Control for Deer?. Audubon February 8, 2002. {{DEFAULTSORT:Wildlife Contraceptive}}2. ^1 Barr, C. W. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A13311-2004Aug18.html A Deer Contraceptive Is Turning Off the Heat.] Washington Post August 19, 2004. 3. ^1 Broache, A. Oh Deer! Smithsonian October 2005. 4. ^McGrath, M. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14744811 Deer 'pill' curbs aggressive mating.] BBCNews September 1, 2011. 5. ^1 Boyle, R. Birth Control for Animals. Popular Science March 3, 2009. 6. ^Dalhouse, D. Squirrel contraceptive research under way. Clemson University News March 10, 2008. 7. ^[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080219132149.htm Oral Contraceptives Could Work For Dogs, Cats, Pigs, Maybe Even Deer And Coyotes.] Science News February 25, 2008. 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pctonline.com/article/senestech-contrapest-rodent-product-epa-approval/ |publisher=Pest Control Technology, GIA Media, Inc. |title=ContraPest Rodent Control Product Wins EPA Approval |date=12 August 2016 |access-date=11 November 2016}} 9. ^Mooallem, J. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/15/magazine/15pigeons.html?pagewanted=1 Pigeon Wars.] New York Times October 15, 2006. 10. ^{{cite web|title=Tasmanian Devil Contraception Trial shows Early Promise|url=http://www.tassiedevil.com.au/tasdevil.nsf/news/04A135977CC966B2CA257DA20008A604|website=Save the Tasmanian Devil|accessdate=6 January 2015|date=2 December 2014}} 2 : Birth control|Theriogenology |
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