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词条 Bydgoszcz Architects (1850-1970s)
释义

  1. Prussian Period (1850–1918)

      City construction advisors[3]   Heinrich Grüder (1871–1877)  Wilhelm Lincke (1878–1885)  Carl Meyer (1886–1912)   Carl Meyer's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Heinrich Rudolf Metzger (1912–1920)  Independent architects  Carl Stampehl   Carl Stampehl's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Carl Rose   Carl Rose's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Józef Święcicki  Karl Bergner   Karl Bergner's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Fritz Weidner  Paul Böhm   Paul Böhm's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Heinrich Seeling   Heinrich Seeling's achievements in Bydgoszcz   Erich Lindenburger   Erich Lindenburger's achievements in Bydgoszcz   Rudolf Kern  Alfred Schleusener  Paul Sellner   Paul Sellner's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz   Other active Prussian architects 

  2. Polish Period (1918-1970s)

     Bogdan Raczkowski  Jan Kossowski  Alfons Licznerski[13]  Stefan Klajbor[16]  Other active Polish architects 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. Bibliography

{{Infobox architect
| name = Bydgoszcz Architects (1850–1930)
| image = File:Bydgoszcz staromiesto.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| alt = View of Old town
| caption = View of Old town
| practice =
| significant_buildings =
| significant_projects =
| significant_design = Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Modern architecture
| signature =
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}}Bydgoszcz displays an abundant variety of architectures, with styles from neo-gothic, neo-baroque and neoclassicism, to Art Nouveau and modernism; hence its nickname of Little Berlin at the start of the 20th century.[1] The notable granaries on Mill Island and along Brda river also recall a recognized timber-framed characteristics of the city in Poland.[2]

The period stretching from 1850 to the Second Polish Republic witnessed the greatest development of the city. In the mid-19th century, the arrival of the Prussian Eastern Railway ({{lang-ger|Preußische Ostbahn}}) contributed greatly to the development of Bromberg.[3] After WWI, with the re-attachment of the town to the new state of Poland, Bydgoszcz underwent anew a growth, while German residents fled.

Most of the constructions of these time, still preserved today, are linked to a number of architects who left (for a few of them) a profound mark on the current architectural landscape of the city.

Prussian Period (1850–1918)

City construction advisors[3]

During Prussian Partition, Bromberg fell under Prussian law, in particular regarding construction matter, which was organized with a strictly defined hierarchy. On top were builders and architects with great competences and skills, chosen to act as municipal construction councilors. The position of building consultant was one of the most important in the city administration. This advisor participated in almost all areas of Bromberg public life, from security, transport to urban land management and development. Building councilors supervised all construction activities within the city premises, but also developed plans for official buildings funded from municipal budget. They were independent, but nevertheless cooperated actively in the city council. From 1871 to 1920, Bromberg authorities nominated five municipal construction councilors.

Heinrich Grüder (1871–1877)

He succeeded to city building advisor von Müller, who designed the blueprint of the edifice at Jagiellońska street No. 9 in Bydgoszcz (today, it houses the seat of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Centre for Education and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Marshal's Office). Heinrich Grüder took up function as municipal construction adviser on November 16, 1871.[3] He was educated as a master bricklayer in Mecklenburg, before moving in 1860, to work for a few months in Vienna. He came to Bromberg via Osnabrück, where he worked as a builder. Little is known about his activities in Bydgoszcz. Grüder is thought to have designed the school building project at Konarskiego street No.2 (today Bydgoszcz School of Fine Arts), together with its gymnasium at No.4. In the years 1872-1876, he conducted the erection of the Evangelical church on Weltzin Place (nowadays Plac Wolności), on a design by Berlin architect Friedrich Adler. Appreciated for his professionalism, Grüder left Bromberg to Poznań in October 1877 where he worked as city advisor.

Wilhelm Lincke (1878–1885)

Wilhelm Lincke was born in 1846, in Magdeburg. He graduated from city high school in 1863. Then, for two years, he attended the Royal School of Fine Arts and the Institute of Crafts for the Study of Architecture in Magdeburg. Later he moved to Berlin: there he studied at the Royal Academy of Construction from 1865 to 1867. Afterwards, he was employed till 1873 on railways projects, building railway stations (Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Naumburg, Weißenfels) and other technical facilities. In 1870, he took part in Franco-Prussian War. Later, he is found to work in Zgorzelec Municipal Construction Office, then in Wiesbaden (1876). In January 1878, he accepted the position of city construction counselor in Bromberg where he stayed until his death on November 28, 1885, aged 39.

As a construction adviser, he approved a number of private building projects. He had a significant influence on the projects realized at that time, generally referring to Neoclassicism and Neo-renaissance.

He is mainly remembered for his work on the reconstruction of the former Jesuit College building, so as to fit the city authorities; he worked on it in collaboration with Albert Rose and Heinrich Mautz. In addition, he was the author of other projects funded from municipal budget:[3]

  • the adaptation and expansion in 1878, of the former monastery of the Poor Clares to house a municipal hospital (today Building of the District Museum in Bydgoszcz at Gdańska Street No.4). He designed the façade with Neo-renaissance and Neo-Manerism forms;
  • the design of the building of the Municipal School for Girls ({{lang-ger|Höhere Mädchenschule}}) in 1884, at Konarskiego street 5 (today building of the Catering School of Bydgoszcz);
  • the design of the second city hospital ({{lang-ger|Diakonissenanstalt}}), at Seminaryjna street (1884-1885), nowadays Kuyawsko-Pomorskie Center of Pulmonology in Bydgoszcz.

Carl Meyer (1886–1912)

Carl Meyer was born on December 17, 1855, in the family of the manufacturer GL Meyer in Estorf in Nienburg district, Lower Saxony province. After an education in a private school in neighboring Husum, he attended the Royal High School of Verden an der Aller. On October 1, 1875, he was employed in the technical office of the Royal Railway Commission in Hanover, and in 1876, he began studies at the Polytechnic University of Hanover, from where he graduated cum laude in 1880.[3] He was a student of German architects Conrad Wilhelm Hase, A. Schröder and W. Schuch.

In 1881, he started a two-year practice in public service in Silesia, in the area of Jelenia Góra, as a construction manager.

At the death of Wilhelm Lincke, Bromberg authorities selected Carl Meyer as his successor on December 15, 1885. He took up the function of city building councilor on January 5, 1886. On November 30, 1891, he entered Janus Masonic lodge, and served as its master from 1907 to 1912. For several years he lived at Gdańska 60, downtown Bydgoszcz.[4]

At the end of his first contract period, City Council re-elected him on July 14, 1898, for a second term and then on July 14, 1910, for another one. However, Carl Meyer fell ill in the autumn 1911 and had to retire on April 1, 1912. He then left Bydgoszcz for Berlin in 1919 and later returned to his homeland and settled in Hanover. His death date (ca. 1920s) has not been determined precisely. In recognition for his merits, he was twice honored with Prussian state decorations: the Order of the Red Eagle - 4th class (1905), and the Royal Order of the Crown - 3rd class after his retirement in May 1913.

Carl Meyer, during his 26-year long activity as city advisor, had a huge impact on Bydgoszcz architecture and layout, during its expansion bloom (end of 19th – beginning of 20th century). He belonged to the German Union of Architects and Engineers and traveled a lot, not only within the German Empire, but also to Italy and France to learn about new trends in architecture and urban planning.

His closest subordinates and associates included people who are authors of many edifices in downtown Bydgoszcz, among others:[3]

  • Wilhelm Stagge (associate from 1881 to 1919), his deputy;
  • Rudolf Berndt (ass. 1888–1890), a master carpenter;
  • Paul Bresgott (from 1891 on), an architect and master mason;
  • Karl Bergner (ass. from 1892 on), an architect, who ran a private architectural office, one of the most popular designers in the city, until 1919 (see below);
  • Anton Kandler, a municipal construction manager (from 1897 on);
  • Richard Köppen, an architect, who worked on city hospital ({{lang-ger|Diakonissenanstalt}}) extension project in 1908;
  • Theodor Patzwald, an architect, building designer of the city fire station in 1909;
  • Otto Brech, an architect, who worked on two main projects, the School of Mechanical Engineering and the Bürgerschule building (today High School No. 6);
  • Paul Sellner, an architect who designed many tenements in Gdańska Street (see below).

Carl Meyer's style fluctuates around forms borrowed from medieval architecture like Gothic architecture. As a man influenced by Hanover school of architecture, he designed buildings set in the Historicism mainstream, nuanced with Neo-gothic and Neo-romanesque elements.

Carl Meyer's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1887–1888 Building at Świętojańska street 20Volkschulen}}), today one of the site of the UMK Medicine Faculty in Bydgoszcz.
1890–1892 City SlaughterhouseSchlachtund Viehhof}}), at Jagiellońska street 43/47. Today, preserved buildings have been incorporated into the shopping center complex Focus Mall.
1890–1892 Building at Kościelecki Square No.8Volkschulen}}). Currently the Department of Journalism and Social Communication of UKW.
1891–1892 Carl Meyer tenement Architect house at Gdańska Street No. 60. Dutch Mannerism style frontage. Elevation boasts allegory sculptures of Architecture and Construction and MC initials of the landlord.
1896–1898 Building at Sowińskiego street No.5Volkschulen}}). Currently Youth Hotel for Schools ({{lang-pl|Szkolne Schronisko Młodzieżowe}}).
1897–1898 Tenement at Cieszkowskiego street No.6 One of the oldest building in the street, with eclectic style.
1899–1900 Bydgoszcz water tower Disused facility at Filarecka street.
1899–1900 Las Gdański water supply station Located at Gdańska Street No. 242, initial project by Berlin architect Franz Marshall. Pumping station still operates today.
1900–1902 Tenement at Kordeckiego street No. 20Volkschulen}}), currently a site of the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz.
1904–1905 Gasworks building Located at Jagiellońska street No.42, only the former administrative house is preserved (today the seat of the Pomeranian Gas Company, Branch Gas Plant of Bydgoszcz).
1905–1906 Municipal Market HallFleisch- und Fischmarkthalle}}), it is situated at Podwale Street No.4.
1906 House at 20 January 1920 street No.5 Own ville of Carl Meyer, with a facade style referring to eclecticism and Art Nouveau.
1906–1907 Building at Traugutta street No.5 Initially the municipal orphanage established by Heinrich Dietz. Today the seat of institutions dealing with care and teaching.
1902, 1908–1909 Kuyawsko-Pomorskie Center of Pulmonology Initially the second city hospital, it was extended by architect Richard Köppen.
1908–1909 Kuyawsko-Pomorskie Cultural Center Initially an infant dispensary. Situated at Kościelecki Square No.6
1910–1911 Mechanical School N°1School of Crafts and Artistic Industry ({{lang-ger>Handwerker- und Kunstgewerbeschule}}), at Swiętej Trojcy street No.37, the project was prepared by architect Otto Brech.
1911–1912 Fire brigade building Located at Pomorska Street No.16/18, the project was developed in 1909 by Theodor Patzwald, under the supervision of Meyer.
1910–1912 High School No.6Burgerschule}}), at Staszica Street No.4, the design was initiated by architect Otto Brech.

Heinrich Rudolf Metzger (1912–1920)

Born in Mainz in 1861, Heinrich Metzger graduated from the Technical University in Berlin. He traveled in Prussia for work: in Szczecin in 1885, as an assistant engineer in the municipal waterworks, in Cologne in 1889, as an engineer in the Canal Construction Inspection, then in Toruń in 1891, as city's chief engineer.

In 1894 he took up the responsibility of gasworks director in Bydgoszcz and on October 1, 1894, he took the position of head of the municipal gas plant.[5] While working in Bydgoszcz, he regularly provided his expertise for the construction and modernization of water supply and sewage systems in other cities such as Leszno, Chełmno, Kętrzyn or Kwidzyn. In 1901, he was elected municipal councilor and on July 12, 1912, he was appointed city construction adviser, taking over Carl Meyer. In particular, during his appointment, he developed the project of Sielanka district (Idyll, in Polish) in the early 1910s.

He retired on December 15, 1919, and thanks to his highly appreciated role, Heinrich took part on January 20, 1920, on behalf of the German party, to the official ceremony where Bydgoszcz re-integrated the motherland: he was one of the signatories to the commemorative protocol.[5] He then moved to Berlin (Charlottenburg), where he died on 22 April 1929.

Independent architects

Apart from citie's official advisors, the Prussian construction community in Bromberg teamed with independent private architects and builders. Those men, gathering bricklayer, mason and carpentry masters, have been involved in the design and the construction of many a building in downtown Bydgoszcz.

Carl Stampehl

Little is known about Carl Stampehl. He was an active architect in the 1870s and 1880s, especially while re-designing several houses along Długa street in Bydgoszcz old town district.

Carl Stampehl's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1879 House at Długa street 12 House from 1866, rebuilt in 1879, registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. During the Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919), thanks to landlord Stanislaw Stryszyk, premises functioned as an infirmary for wounded insurgents, with the heroic help of Dr. Jan Biziel.
1885 House at Długa street 24 House from the 1770s, rebuilt in 1885. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1877–1878 House at Długa street 32 House from 1792, rebuilt in 1878. This reconstruction has been commissioned by Arnold Aronsohn, a merchant.
1878 House at Długa street 34 House from 1860, rebuilt in 1878. It is today the Provincial Department of Polish Economic Society in Bydgoszcz.[6]
1877–1878 House at Długa street 35 House from 1783, rebuilt in 1878. Facade has been refurbished in 2016-2017.
1879 House at Długa street 46 House from the last quarter of the 18th century, rebuilt in 1879. The edifice is waiting a heavy overhaul.
1882–1884 Emil Bernhardt tenement Large tenement at Gdańska street 16, first owned by Emil Bernhardt, who commissioned abutting Hotel "Pod Orlem". Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1883 Tenement at Gdanska street 22 The edifice has been built in 1850,then re-designed by C. Stampehl in 1883, and renovated by Rudolf Kern in 1910-1911. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1893 Villa Carl Blumwe The house at Nakielska street 53 was erected in the 1850s. Wilhelm, son of Carl Blumwe, commissioned Carl Stampehl for the reconstruction and extension of the building.
1893–1894 Tenement at Dworcowa Street 3 Eduard Merres, an instrument craftsman for surgery, nursery and optics, was the first owner of the current house.
1876 Tenements at Focha street 24 Johann Kretschmer, a wood merchand, was the landlord of both buildings at then Wilhelmstraße 7A (N°24) and Wilhelmstraße 7 (N°26)
1876 Tenement at Focha street 26 Johann Kretschmer, a wood merchand, was the landlord of both buildings at then Wilhelmstraße 7A (N°24) and Wilhelmstraße 7 (N°26)

Carl Rose

Carl Emil Heinrich Rose was born on December 11, 1864 in Barth near Stralsund. He studied in a realschule in Barth and then in Stralsund.

In 1882, he began his practical apprenticeship in Bromberg in the company run by his uncle, mason master Albert Rose, established in 1866. He attended a technical school in Buxtehude, where he graduated and passed the master builder 's exam ({{lang-ger|Baugewerksmeister}}). After a 4-semester technical college in Berlin district of Charlottenburg, he traveled to gain experience to Denmark, Sweden and Norway. At the beginning of September 1890, he returned to Bydgoszcz to take over his uncle's firm. He was professionally active in the city until 1920.[4]

He was a member of the Silesian-Poznan Building Trade Association ({{lang-ger|Schlesisch-Posenschen Baugewerks Berufsgenossenschaft}}) and from June 7, 1898, he belonged to the Janus Masonic lodge in Bydgoszcz.

Carl Rose's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1903–1904 Carl Rose Tenement Located at Gdańska Street 51, it was the personal house of the architect.
1893 House at Jezuicka Street 6 Carl Rose rebuilt a tenement erected there in the 1860s.
1905 Building at Warmińskiego street No.18 Facades display Art Nouveau style. Today the seat of the city Tax office.
1905 Church of Divine Mercy Located at Nakielska street 68. Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian heritage list, the temple was first an evangelical church.
1893 Tenement at Gdańska Street 135 First owner was a cabdriver, Wincent Swirski. Above the main entrance is placed a stylized head of a woman. A major overhaul happened in 2000.

Józef Święcicki

{{main|Józef Święcicki (architect)}}

Józef Święcicki (1859 in Bromberg, 1913 in Berlin), has been the most successful and influential architect, builder and construction designer in Bydgoszcz at the end of the 19th century. All his life and his work are related to the city.

Karl Bergner

Karl Bergner was born on March 9, 1864.[4] He has been active in Bromberg as an architect from the 1880s to the First Worl War. He was one of the most prolific architects of his time in the city.[7] His designs usually included Eclecticism style with Neo-Renaissance and Neo-baroque decoration stuccoes.

He ran a company and a technical work office. He also held the position of Municipal Construction Assistant. Having first settled in 1888 at Poznański Square 7, he set up a design studio there in 1892. He then regularly moved to the houses he designed: Hetmańska Street (1895), Gdańska Street (1896), Śniadecki Street (1897). Like other architects in the city at the eve of the 20th century, Karl Bergner dealt with the design and construction of tenement houses sold at Cieszkowskiego Street.[8]

From October 7, 1899, he became a member of the Janus Masonic lodge in Bydgoszcz.

Karl Bergner's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1895–1896 Albert Jahnte tenement Located at Śniadecki Street 6, its first landlord was a merchand, Albert Jahnte.
1895–1897 Karl Bergner tenement Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, it has been one of Bergner's own house.
1892–1893 August Freitwald tenement Located at Śniadecki Street 12, its first landlord was August Freitwald, a master shoemaker.
1899–1901 Ancient shelter for blindsBlindenheim}}).
1901–1902 Max Zweininger Building Located at Focha street 2, Max Zweininger was the owner of a famous hat manufactory. In 1940, a ground floor arcade has been added, designed by Polish architect Jan Kossowski.
1901–1902 Tenement at Focha street 4 The elevation architectural details echoe the abutting building at N°2.
1895-1896 Tenement at Śniadecki Street 20 First owner was August Freitwald, also landlord at No.12.
1893–1896 Tenements at Piastowski Square 13,15,17 These buildings were part of common project by different commissioners.
1884 Tenement at Dworcowa Street 2 One of the first realizations of Karl Bergner in Bydgoszcz.
1893–1896 Tenement at Dworcowa Street 68 The initial owner was Karl Schultz, a metal craftsman.
1876 Albin Cohnfeld tenement Located at Dworcowa Street 77, it is one of the earliest realizations of Karl Bergner in Bydgoszcz.
1870s Tenement at Dworcowa Street 100 The house is located opposite the one at No.77.
1893–1905 Tenement at Bernardyńska Street No.3
1900–1902 Tenement at Cieszkowskiego Street 7 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1900–1902 Tenement at Cieszkowskiego Street 9 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, it has been commissioned by a merchant, Ephreim Moritz.
1899 Wilhelm Brzęczkowski's house Located at Cieszkowskiego Street 14, built for a tailor, Wilhelm Brzęczkowsk. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1900–1902 Tenements at Cieszkowskiego Street 16,18,20 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. The initiator of the project was Vincent Krause, who sold the plot to the architect Karl Bergner.
1899 House at Cieszkowskiego Street 24 Initial project has been carried out by Fritz Weidner. Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
1898–1899 Villa Carl Grosse Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. Located at Gdańska Street 84, the house had been commissioned by Carl Gross, a cork factory manager who kept the seat here of his firm.
1897 Bydgoszcz Chamber theatre at Grodzka Street 14/16 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. First theatre had been built in 1875–1876.
1896 Tenement at Libelta street 2 First landlord was Anton Czarnecki, a rentier and merchant, who moved there in 1898 and stayed till the early 1920s.

Fritz Weidner

{{main|Fritz Weidner (architect)}}

Fritz Weidner (1863 in Nowe Drezdenko, 1950 in Potsdam) was an architect who worked during most of his life in Bromberg. Like his colleague Józef Święcicki his numerous realizations had a profound influence on downtown Bydgoszcz urban landscape.

Paul Böhm

Paul Böhm has been an architect working in Bydgoszcz during the middle of the 1890s and the first decade of the 20th century. He ran an architectural studio and a technical office. He owned the property at Gdańska Street 109,[4] which is non existent today.

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he designed and built several houses along Cieszkowskiego Street.[8]

Paul Böhm was an important representative of the Historicism trend in Bydgoszcz's architecture at the end of the 19th century. He turned to Art Nouveau at the beginning of the 20th century.[7]

Paul Böhm's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1900–1901 House at Królowej Jadwigi Street 2 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. The highest part displays in a medallion a figure of Tadeusz Kościuszko (by Piotr Triebler); above the medallion, a statue of Queen Jadwiga stands in a niche, towering the whole street that bears her name.
1903–1905 House at Królowej Jadwigi Street 4 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. Architecture style pertains to rural English houses (cottages).
1903–1904 House at Cieszkowskiego Street 1 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. Its original appearance has been reconstructed with restored architectural details during the renovation carried out in 1994.
1903–1904 Paul Bohm's house at Cieszkowskiego Street 3 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. It was the personal house of the architect.
1908–1909 Tenement at Weyssenhoff Square No.5 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. The facade display 3 levels of balconies. The building has been recently refurbished.
1904–1905 Tenement at Słowackiego Street 3 Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. The facade is characteristic of the eclectic style, mixing several references altogether..
1910–1912 Tenement at 20 January 1920 street No.10-12 Main elevation boasts early modernist architectural elements.

Heinrich Seeling

Heinrich Seeling was born on October 1, 1852, in Zeulenroda-Triebes, Thuringia. His father, Christian Seeling, was a bricklayer, from an Evangelical Lutheran family. As a boy, he practiced with his father's bricklaying craftmen. After having completed a building school in Holzminden, he moved in 1870 to Berlin, where he worked in a construction workshop and joined as a free listener the Academy of Building. After three years of study, he went on an education trip to the south of the German Empire and to Vienna. He then returned to Berlin in 1874[9] and worked for 2 years in Hugo Licht's workshop. Aterwards, he went on a six-month study trip to Italy and came back to Berlin. In 1877, he started working as a first architect in the construction office of Hermann Ende.

In January 1878 he won the second prize in the competition for the Town Hall in Kaława, which was carried out in 1880-1881. He then won the second prize for a theater project in Halle (1884-1886). The building was designed in accordance with the latest architectural tendencies and technical requirements; for this realization, Seelling was honored with the Prussian Order of the Crown - 4th Class.

From this moment, he devoted his architect's activity to theatre buildings: after designing the Stockholm Royal Theatre, he was appointed in 1890-1892 for the realization of the Municipal Theater in Essen, which designs pioneered many interior and façade solutions. Thanks to this project, he was published in leading architectural journals in Germany.

Several projects were run in the following years:

  • Berlin Theater am Schiffbauerdamm (1891–1892);
  • Wuppertal town hall (1893);
  • the 1000-seats Municipal Theater of Rostock, where he used a facade composition similar to Essen's;
  • the Municipal Theatre in Bydgoszcz and Hanover town hall (1894-1896).

Seeling also built a group of houses at Schiklerestrasse in Berlin, where he applied solutions for modern residential and commercial construction. At the end of the 19th century, Heinrich Seeling was appointed member of the Royal Academy in Berlin.[9]

At the start of the 20th century, he shared his time between constructions in Bydgoszcz, such as:

  • the Church of Christ the Savior;
  • the Villa Heinrich Dietz;
  • Saint Andrew Bobola's Church;

and other projects in the German Empire, among others:

  • Municipal Theaters in Aachen (1901), Frankfurt am Main (1902);
  • acourt theatre in Gera.

One must notice that Henrich Seeling designed only 2 churches in all his career, and both are located in Bydgoszcz (Protestant Church of Christ the Savior and St Andrew Bobola).[10]

In the years 1904–1910 theaters still remained in the main circle of his interests.

He designed, among others:

  • Braunschweig court theater with 1700 seats;
  • Nuremberg,Kiel and Freiburg im Breisgau Municipal Theaters;
  • AEG store in Berlin.

In 1908, Seeling was elected city building councilor of Charlottenburg,[9] where, in the following years, he designed many edifices. His crowning achievement was the realization of the five-storey Deutsches Opernhaus in 1911–1912, able to house 2300 show-goers; it was the most modern stage installation and original architectural building of its time.

Heinrich Christian Seeling died on February 15, 1932, in Berlin.

Heinrich Seeling's achievements in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1895–1896 Former Municipal Theatre In 1945, during the fighting for the liberation of the city, the theatre building was hit by incendiary ammunitions, which set fire to the inside, where Soviet soldiers were billeted. the ruined site was razed in 1946.
1896–1897 Church of the Savior After WWII, the tower has been rebuilt according to the design of the architect Jan Kossowski
1892–1893 Villa Heinrich DietzPolskie Radio Pomorza i Kujaw (Radio PiK)}}).
1901–1903 Saint Andrew Bobola's Church Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, the edifice was initially conceived as a Protestant temple.
1910–1912 Emil Werckmeister tenement The building was erected at the end of the 19th century on the site of demolished granaries where was housed since 1907 the winery "Werckmeister". The house is located at Jagiellońska street 4.

Erich Lindenburger

Erich Lindenburger was a German architect who worked in Bydgoszcz in the first two decades of the 20th century.[3] He designed representative, metropolitan tenement houses in a style reminiscent of architectural trends from the early 1900s, mainly referring to Art Nouveau.[11]

Erich Lindenburger's achievements in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1904–1905 Tenement at Adam Mickiewicz Alley 3 Facades display Art Nouveau forms.
1904 Tenement at Dworcowa Street 41 Frontages renovated in 2015, have Neo-baroque and early Modernist elements
1904 Willy Grawunder Tenement Located at Dworcowa Street 45. In the 1920s, Willy Jahr, a successful owner of a bicycle factory at Nakielska street 89, opened there a selling point for his production.
1905 Bruno Grawunder Tenement Located at Dworcowa Street 47. Bruno Grawunder, a jeweler, was a relative of Wilhelm, owner of No.45.
1900s House at Śląska Street 1 Frontage details did not survive. A characteristic ridge turret tops the corner building.
1905–1910 Tenements at Śląska Street 10-12
1905–1910 Tenement at Józef Weyssenhoff Square No.3 Frontage displays Art Nouveau elements.
1905–1910 Hermann Berndt Tenement Located at Gdańska Street 32, the original house from 1881 has been rebuilt in 1910-1911 by Erich Lindenburger, as commissioned by the new landlord Leo Venske.

Rudolf Kern

{{main|Rudolf Kern (architect)}}

Rudolf Kern probably practiced in the studio of Józef Święcicki. From 1903 to the early 1920s, he ran his own architectural and construction office. Like many other colleagues from Bydgoszcz, he was involved in the design and construction of tenement houses in Cieszkowskiego Street.[8] In Bydgoszcz, he lived in his own house at Gdańska street 72.

Alfred Schleusener

Alfred Schleusener was active in Bydgoszcz from 1905 to 1944. He ran an architectural office. He was also a construction expert and a member of the State Chamber of Building.[4]

Paul Sellner

Paul Sellner had a professional practice around 1902-1904, which began in the workshop of Bydgoszcz architect Karl Bergner.[4] In 1904, as an architect, he opened an independent architectural office, which he ran until at least 1915. He lived in Bydgoszcz until 1922.[4]

His style is creative, applied to representative, metropolitan houses in the style of early modernism.[7]

Paul Sellner's preserved accomplishments in Bydgoszcz
YearEdificeRemarksPicture
1905 House at Paderewskiego Street 1 Built in the first years of the 20th century on a commission by Wilhelm Knelke, a manufacturer.
1905–1907 Paul Sellner Tenement Located at Paderewskiego Street 10, it was the personal house of the architect.
1911–1912 Otto Riedl Tenement in Bydgoszczbäckermeister}}) Otto Riedel.
1905–1907 Tenement at Gdanska street 95, Bydgoszcz The facade displays early modernist forms.
1911 Building at Paderewskiego Street 18Like many of the neighbouring tenements, the architectural style shifts to modernism, while keeping patches of eclectic details

Other active Prussian architects

{{Center|Friedrich Meyer}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Gustav Weihe}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Georg Weiß}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Theodore Patzwald}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Georg Baesler}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Otto Walter}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Otto Müller}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Otto Brech}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Johannes Cornelius}}
{{break|2}}{{Center|Victor Pietrikowski}}

Polish Period (1918-1970s)

Bogdan Raczkowski

Bogdan Raczkowski was born on March 12, 1888, in Poznań. He graduated in technical studies in Heidelberg as an engineer-architect. Before the outbreak of the WWI, he won a competition for a building project in Kharkiv, then in Russian Empire. After the Russian October Revolution in 1917, he left to Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia to reach back his native Poznań.

In March 1921, he moved to Bydgoszcz, where on 29 December, he took the post of city councilor, head of the Ground Construction Office. He served as deputy chairman of the city council for many years.

During his mandate as a counselor, several Bydgoszcz districts have been enriched by a number of residential complexes financed by city magistrates: Babia Wieś, Biedaszkowo, Bielawy, Jachcice and Śródmieście (downtown). Many renovations were made and the aesthetics of the city improved. Raczkowski planned and co-designed the construction of a 600-bed city hospital.[12] In 1923, he developed a construction project for the Church of St. Stanislaus of Szczepanów in Bydgoszcz. The Baroque architecture of this church, referring to folklore character of temples in the country, gained full recognition of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz, and became a landmark in the local architectural environment.

He retired at the age of 46 but was involved in local the local Society of Friends of Art ({{lang-pl|Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuki}}).

After Invasion of Poland in September 1939, he left Bydgoszcz with his family, heading to Kutno, where his wife's family lived, although came back at the end of September. His home at Asnyka street 1 being already occupied by a German dignitary, the family lived with a relative at Weyssenhoff Square. On October 2, 1939, they were all arrested and shot probably in the forest north of the city (Las Gdański), on October 4. Only Raczkowski's son Zdzisław escaped the arrest and survived WWII.

Bogdan's older brother Tadeusz was the head of the agricultural school in Bydgoszcz. In the fall of 1939, he was murdered in Bydgoszcz Valley of Death.

Jan Kossowski

{{main|Jan Kossowski (architect)}}

Jan Kossowski (July 13, 1898, in Belarus-December 9, 1958, in Bydgoszcz) was a very prolific Polish architect and builder, mainly associated with Bydgoszcz. His professional activity stretches from the interwar period to the 1940s.

The best villas designed by Kossowski were erected in the Sielanka and Leśne districts and in Sułkowskiego Street.

Not only did he design houses, but also performed reconstruction of public, industrial buildings and sacral buildings. He is as well the author of the Freedom Monument in downtown Bydgoszcz.

Alfons Licznerski[13]

Alfons Licznerski was born on September 25, 1902, in the village of Sampława then part of East Prussia. He was the son of Józef, a farmer, also Schultheiß of the village. His parents moved to Rożental in 1906, and Alfons attended elementary and primary schools there from 1908 to 1915. In the autumn of 1915, he began his studies in the pre-gymnasium in Lubawa. There, he became interested in socio-national issues and in 1917, he joined the activist movement of the Society of Tomasz Zan. During the meetings of the society, he learned Polish history and literature.

In 1919, he was a member of the forbidden Polish Scouting movement, and from 1920, he was in the first junior high school scouting team. He then attended a classical gymnasium in 1921 in Toruń and after graduation in 1924, he was appointed for military service in Grudziądz. However, after an accident, he was permanently released from the army.

From 1925 to 1933, Alfons Licznerski studied at the Faculty of Architecture of the Gdańsk University of Technology, obtaining in March 1934 the diploma of Civil engineer. During his studies he participated in corporation trips in Pomerelia and Kashubia cities.

During his studies he took longer professional practices in firms and construction offices in Gdynia and Gdańsk (1928–1933). As such he participated, among others, in the building of:

  • the Władysławowo railway station (1928);
  • a port warehouse and storage facility (Gdynia, 1929–1932);
  • a residential worker colony (Gdynia, 1932—1933).

After graduating, he designed the municipal slaughterhouse in Płock (1934–1935), or the expansion of the gymnasium in Gdańsk (1935–1936). He also traveled to gain professional expertise, in Poland and abroad (e.g. Germany), studying urban issues and problems of industrial construction.

In September 1936, he settled in Bydgoszcz, where he worked in the Construction Department of the Municipal Board until the outbreak of World War II. During Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), he kept his position at the Technical Department of the city. At the end of February 1944, he was drafted into the Wehrmacht.

He returned to Bydgoszcz in November 1945 and started working at the Regional Directorate of Spatial Planning, where he was the head of the urban studio (1945–1948). In 1947, at the request of the Theater Reconstruction Committee, he designed a new theater building (today's Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz). Alfons Licznerski initiated the systematic collection of photographs of Bydgoszcz monuments.[14] After many years in the municipal and regional construction boards and offices, he retired in 1968.

In 1971, was awarded the title of Honorary Member of the Association of the Supporters of Bydgoszcz ({{lang-pl|Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy, TMMB}}). He died on June 8, 1976, in Bydgoszcz and was buried in the Nowofarny Cemetery in Bydgoszcz.[15]

Stefan Klajbor[16]

Stefan Klajbor was born on October 20, 1924, in Bydgoszcz. He was the son of Jan, a railwayman. After elementary school, he studied at the High Seminary of Bydgoszcz Diocese (today at Grodzka Street 18). During the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), he worked as a laborer. In 1941, he was sentenced to six months in a labor camp for economic sabotage. From 1942, he was part of a scouting group which participated to taking over in May 1943, the Home Army garrison in Bydgoscz. Stefan Klajbor, aka Paweł, was a liaison officer of the Garrison Commander with Gray Ranks troops in the city.

After the liberation of Bydgoszc from Nazi occupation, he studied at the Lyceum Nicolaus Copernicus and in 1946, passed his Matura. From 1946 to 1950, he studied at the Faculty of Architecture of the Gdańsk University of Technology, obtaining the diploma of Civil engineer in June 1951.

After graduation, he worked for several months as deputy construction manager in the Urban Construction Union in Gdańsk (1951-1952), and then returned to Bydgoszcz.

In 1956, he joined the Presidium of Bydgoszcz National Council and was the main architect of the city until 1958. Then, from 1958 to 1967, he took a position of an employee of Bydgoszcz Miastoprojekt, a design and research office for general construction. In 1967-1972 he worked as a senior designer at the Provincial Urban Planning Studio in Bydgoszcz. Moving from one post to another (Biprokabel Studies and Design Office [1972–1974 and 1975–1989],

Bydgoski Kombinat Domowe Building [1974–1975]). Stefan Klajbor ended in 1984 at the Municipal Office, then the Urban Planning, Architecture and Building Supervision Department as an urban architect. In December 1989, he retired. He passed away in Bydgoszcz in 1991.

His most important achievements in Bydgoszcz include the designs of (among others):

  • the Pomeranian Philharmonic building (1959);
  • the building of Bydgoszcz Polish Federation of Engineering Associations ({{lang-pl|Naczelna Organizacja Techniczna, NOT}});
  • the project of 'Recreation and Culture Forest Park ({{lang-pl|Leśny Park Kultury i Wypoczynku}}) in Myślęcinek district.

His plans comprised also the reconstruction and extension of the Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, an urban concept at Błonie district and the reconstruction of houses at Jezuicka Street 2 and 4. He died on July 5, 1991, in Bydgoszcz.

Other active Polish architects

{{Gallery
|title=Bronisław Jankowski
|width=240 |height=180
|align=center
|File:Aleja Ossolińskich 7 willa NIK.jpg
|Villa at Ossoliński Alley 7 (1927–1929). Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list. During the Nazi occupation, the building housed the Westpreussen seat of Selbstschutz of western Prussia, as well as the Abwehr. After World War II, it was used by NKVD, and between 1947 and 2004, by a delegation of Polish Supreme Audit Office.
|File:Aleja Ossolińskich Fortis Bank noc.jpg
|Villa at Ossoliński Alley 25 (1927–1929).
}}{{Gallery
|title=Bolesław Polakiewicz
|width=240 |height=180
|align=center
|File:Bdg Kopernika7a 2.jpg
|Villa at Kopernika Street 7a (1933–1935). Functionalism style.
|File:Kopernika 9.jpg
|Villa at Kopernika Street 9 (1927–1929).
|File:Aleja Ossolińskich 17.jpg
|Villa at Ossoliński Alley 17 (1932–1933).
|File:Aleja Ossolińskich 19.jpg
|Villa at Ossoliński Alley 19 (1932–1933).
|File:Aleja Ossolińskich 21.jpg
|Villa at Ossoliński Alley 21 (1932–1933).
}}

See also

  • Bydgoszcz
  • Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz
  • Dworcowa Street in Bydgoszcz
  • Jagiellońska street in Bydgoszcz
  • August Cieszkowski Street in Bydgoszcz
  • Fritz Weidner
  • Rudolf Kern
  • Józef Święcicki

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.camerimage.pl/en/bydgoszcz-2.html|title=Camerimage - International Film Festival|first=3W Design|last=Team|website=www.camerimage.pl|accessdate=8 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803023331/http://www.camerimage.pl/en/bydgoszcz-2.html#|archive-date=2017-08-03|dead-url=yes|df=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visitbydgoszcz.pl/en/explore/what-to-see/2129-granaries|title=Granaries on the Brda - Bydgoszcz, Official Tourism Website, visitbydgoszcz.pl|website=www.visitbydgoszcz.pl|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last=Derkowska-Kostkowska |first=Bogna |date=2007 |title=Miejscy radcy budowlani w Bydgoszczy w latach 1871-1912. MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU T.12|location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy |pages=11–22}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last=Bręczewska-Kulesza |first=Daria |date=2003 |title=Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=PWojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy |isbn=9788386970100}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://ludzieitechnika.pl/9-teh2o-wieza-cisnien |title=Wieża Ciśnień |last= |first= |date= |website=TeH2O |publisher=ludzieitechnika.pl |access-date=25 February 2018}}
6. ^{{cite book |last=Kaczmarczek |first=Henryk |date=1986 |title=Dom Ekonomisty przy ul. Dlugiej. Kalendarz Bydgoski |url= |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=TOWARZYSTWO MIŁOŚNIKÓW MIASTA BYDGOSZCZY |page= 8|isbn=}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Jastrzębska-Puzowska |first=Iwona |date=2006 |title=Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850–1920 |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Mado |isbn=9788389886712}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Winter |first=Piotr |date=1996 |title=Ulica Augusta Cieszkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Zespół architektoniczny z przełomu XIX i XX wieku |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy |page=13 |isbn=9788386970049}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Bręczewska-Kulesza |first=Daria |date=1999 |title=Bydgoskie realizacje Heinricha Seelinga. Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu. Zeszyt 4 |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy |page=}}
10. ^{{cite book |last= |first= |date=July 2014|title=Bydgoszcz Guide |url=http://kujawsko-pomorskie.travel/en |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=City of Bydgoszcz |page=102|isbn=83-917786-7-3 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalexhibitions.pl/secesja/pl/46/lindenburger-erich/show/7/88 |title=Secesja w architekturze Polski |last= |first= |date=2017 |website=digitalexhibitions.pl |publisher=ATHENA PLUS |access-date=26 February 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl/bydgoszcz/56,48722,10882955,bogdan-raczkowski-projektant-szpitala-miejskiego,,7.html?disableRedirects=true |title=Bogdan Raczkowski - projektant Szpitala Miejskiego |last=maj |first= |date=28 November 2011 |website=bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl |publisher=bydgoszcz.wyborcza |access-date=28 February 2018}}
13. ^{{cite book |last=Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz |first=Romaniuk Marek |date=1995 |title=Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom II |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne |pages=92–93 |isbn=83-85327-27-4}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl/bydgoszcz/1,128852,14068875,Architekt__ktory_zostawil_nam_Teatr_Polski.html?disableRedirects=true |title=Architekt, który zostawił nam Teatr Polski |last=wal |first= |date=8 June 2013 |website=bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl |publisher=bydgoszcz.wyborcza |access-date=4 March 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pomorska.pl/artykuly-archiwalne/art/6790787,alfons-licznerski,id,t.html |title=Alfons Licznerski |last=Not (maw) |first= |date=14 September 2005 |website=pomorska.pl |publisher=pomorska.pl |access-date=28 February 2018}}
16. ^{{cite book |last=Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz |first=Romaniuk Marek |date=1996 |title=Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom III. |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne |pages=78–79 |isbn=83-85327-32-0}}

Bibliography

  • {{pl}} {{cite book |last=Derkowska-Kostkowska |first=Bogna |date=2007 |title=Miejscy radcy budowlani w Bydgoszczy w latach 1871-1912. MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU Z.12 |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy |pages=11–22}}
  • {{pl}} {{cite book |last=Bręczewska-Kulesza |first=Daria |date=1999 |title=Bydgoskie realizacje Heinricha Seelinga. Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu. Zeszyt 4 |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy |page=}}
  • {pl} {{cite book |last=Jastrzębska-Puzowska |first=Iwona |date=2006 |title=Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850–1920 |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Mado |isbn=9788389886712}}
  • {{pl}} {{cite book |last=Winter |first=Piotr |date=1996 |title=Ulica Augusta Cieszkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Zespół architektoniczny z przełomu XIX i XX wieku |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy |page=13 |isbn=9788386970049}}
{{coord missing|Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship}}

5 : Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz|Streets and squares in Bydgoszcz|Villas in Bydgoszcz|19th-century Polish architects|20th-century Polish architects
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