| 词条 | William Alexander Graham |
| 释义 |
|name = William Graham |image = William Alexander Graham - Brady-Handy.jpg |office = Confederate States Senator from North Carolina |term_start = February 18, 1864 |term_end = May 10, 1865 |predecessor = Edwin Reade |successor = Constituency abolished |office1 = 20th United States Secretary of the Navy |president1 = Millard Fillmore |term_start1 = August 2, 1850 |term_end1 = July 25, 1852 |predecessor1 = William Preston |successor1 = John P. Kennedy |office2 = 30th Governor of North Carolina |term_start2 = January 1, 1845 |term_end2 = January 1, 1849 |predecessor2 = John Morehead |successor2 = Charles Manly |jr/sr3 = United States Senator |state3 = North Carolina |term_start3 = November 25, 1840 |term_end3 = March 3, 1843 |predecessor3 = Robert Strange |successor3 = William Haywood |birth_name = William Alexander Graham |birth_date = {{birth date|1804|9|5}} |birth_place = Lincolnton, North Carolina, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1875|8|11|1804|9|5}} |death_place = Saratoga Springs, New York, U.S. |party = Whig (Before 1860) Constitutional Union (1860–1861) Democratic (1861–1865, 1868–1875) National Union (1865–1868) |spouse = Susannah Washington |children = 10 |education = University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA) }} William Alexander Graham (September 5, 1804{{spaced ndash}}August 11, 1875) was a United States Senator from North Carolina from 1840 to 1843, a Senator later in the Confederate States Senate from 1864 to 1865, the 30th Governor of North Carolina from 1845 to 1849 and U.S. Secretary of the Navy from 1850 to 1852, under President Millard Fillmore. He was the Whig Party nominee for vice-president in 1852 on a ticket with General Winfield Scott. Early life and educationGraham was born at Vesuvius Furnace near Lincolnton, North Carolina.[1] His Scots-Irish grandfather James Graham[2] (1714–1763) was born in Drumbo, County Down, Northern Ireland and settled in Chester County in the Province of Pennsylvania. William A. Graham graduated from Pleasant Retreat Academy and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Dialectic Society. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1825, and commenced practice in Hillsborough. Political careerFrom 1833 to 1840 Graham was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons from Orange County, serving twice as speaker. In 1840 Graham was elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Robert Strange, and served from November 25, 1840, to March 3, 1843. In the Twenty-seventh Congress he was chairman of the Senate Committee on Claims. His older brother, James Graham, had been representing North Carolina in the House since 1833. From 1845 to 1849 Graham was Governor of North Carolina. Having declined appointments as ambassador to Spain and Russia in 1849, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy in the cabinet of President Millard Fillmore in 1850, and served until 1852. In the 1852 presidential election he was the unsuccessful Whig nominee for vice president, as Winfield Scott's running mate. The ticket only carried 42 electoral votes from the four states of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Vermont. When he Returned to North Carolina, he was a member of the state senate from 1854 to 1866, and senator in the Confederate Senate from 1864 to 1865. Later lifeIn 1866 Graham was once again elected to the United States Senate, but because North Carolina had not yet been readmitted to the Union, he could not present his credentials. From 1867 to 1875 he was a member of the board of trustees of the Peabody Fund, which provided educational assistance to the post-Civil War South. From 1873 to 1875 he was an arbitrator in the boundary line dispute between Virginia and Maryland. He died in Saratoga Springs, New York, and is buried in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Hillsborough. LegacyThe United States Navy ship, USS Graham (DD-192), the World War II Liberty ship SS William A. Graham, and the city of Graham, North Carolina were all named for him, as was Graham County, North Carolina.[3] Montrose Gardens, located in Hillsborough, North Carolina, is one of Graham's former estates and still features some of the structures Graham and his family had built on the property. He lived in the Nash-Hooper House at Hillsborough from 1869 until 1875.[4] The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.[5] | added = November 11, 1971[6] One of Graham's sons, also named William A. Graham, became a state legislator and state agriculture commissioner. Two others, Augustus and John, also became politicians, while a daughter, Susan, married Walter Clark. In 1842, John H. Hewitt dedicated a song, The Old Family Clock, to Mrs. W. A. Graham. References1. ^{{Cite web | author =Survey and Planning Unit Staff | title =Vesuvius Furnace| work = National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory | date =July 1974| url = http://www.hpo.ncdcr.gov/nr/LN0012.pdf | format = pdf | publisher = North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office | accessdate = 2015-02-01}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212055830/http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp |archivedate=2008-12-12 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=140}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Nash-Hooper House (William Hooper House)|url={{NHLS url|id=71000610}} |format=pdf|date=March 27, 1971 |author=Charles W. Snell |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=71000610|title=Accompanying two photos, exterior, from 1969 and 1971|photos=y}} (32 KB) 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1130&ResourceType=Building|title=Nash-Hooper House|accessdate=2008-02-26|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620032113/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1130&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2009-06-20|df=}} 6. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} Further reading
|title=Offices and distinctions |list1={{s-start}}{{s-par|us-sen}}{{s-bef|before=Robert Strange}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Senator (Class 3) from North Carolina|years=1840–1843|alongside=Willie Mangum}}{{s-aft|after=William Haywood}}{{s-bef|before=Henry Hubbard}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Senate Claims Committee|years=1841–1843}}{{s-aft|after=Ephraim Foster}}{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=John Morehead}}{{s-ttl|title=Whig nominee for Governor of North Carolina|years=1844, 1846}}{{s-aft|after=Charles Manly}}{{s-bef|before=Millard Fillmore}}{{s-ttl|title=Whig nominee for Vice President of the United States|years=1852}}{{s-aft|after=Andrew J. Donelson {{small|Endorsed}}}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=John Morehead}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of North Carolina|years=1845–1849}}{{s-aft|after=Charles Manly}}{{s-bef|before=William Preston}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of the Navy|years=1850–1852}}{{s-aft|after=John Kennedy}}{{s-par|cs-sen}}{{s-bef|before=Edwin Reade}}{{s-ttl|title=Confederate States Senator (Class 1) from North Carolina|years=1864–1865|alongside=William Dortch}}{{s-non|reason=Seat abolished}}{{s-end}} }}{{Navboxes |title=Articles related to William Alexander Graham |list1={{Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates}}{{USSenNC}}{{Governors of North Carolina}}{{USSecNavy}}{{USWhigVicePresNominees}}{{C.S. Senators}}{{Fillmore cabinet}}{{United States presidential election, 1852}}{{United States presidential election, 1860}} }}{{Portal bar|American Civil War|Biography|North Carolina|Politics}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, William Alexander}} 19 : 1804 births|1875 deaths|19th-century American politicians|American people of Scotch-Irish descent|American Presbyterians|Confederate States Senators|Fillmore administration cabinet members|Governors of North Carolina|Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives|North Carolina state senators|North Carolina Whigs|People from Lincolnton, North Carolina|People of North Carolina in the American Civil War|United States Secretaries of the Navy|United States Senators from North Carolina|1852 United States vice-presidential candidates|Whig Party United States Senators|Whig Party (United States) vice presidential nominees|Whig Party state governors of the United States |
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