| 词条 | Caladenia flava subsp. flava |
| 释义 |
| name = Cowslip orchid | image = Kwinana gnangarra 300815-102.jpg | image_caption = | genus = Caladenia | species = flava | subspecies = flava | authority = Hopper & A.P.Br.[1] | synonyms = }} Caladenia flava subsp. flava, commonly known as the cowslip orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a relatively common orchid with a single, hairy leaf and up to three golden-yellow flowers which often have red markings. DescriptionCaladenia flava subsp. flava is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber which grows in colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals. It has a single, broad, hairy leaf, {{convert|60-120|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The leaf is relatively long for the species' size, often tinged red or purple on the lower side and is narrower beyond its middle. Up to three (rarely four) flowers {{convert|20-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on stalks {{convert|100-250|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The sepals and petals are short, broad, taper to a point and contracted at the base. They spread stiffly and are usually yellow, occasionally pinkish or white, and marked with magenta. The dorsal sepal is erect, {{convert|15-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|7-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide with a reddish line of splotches along the centre. The lateral sepals are larger than the dorsal sepal, {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The petals are {{convert|12-24|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The labellum is {{convert|10-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-13|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and has three lobes. The lateral lobes are egg-shaped, sometimes with four to six club-shaped teeth. The middle lobe has four to six erect teeth and there are two rows of calli along its centre forming a U-shape. The column has wings on its sides and flowering occurs from July to early December.[1][2][3][4]This subspecies differs from subspecies maculata which has lemon-yellow flowers with fawn-brown or red blotches, 8 to 16 teeth on the labellum and mostly occurs north of Geraldton. It differs from subspecies sylvestris which has pale yellow sepals and petals which are white towards their tips and have a central line of prominent bright red or pink spots forming a line along the dorsal sepal. It occurs mostly between Albany and Bunbury.[1][2][3] Taxonomy and namingCaladenia flava was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown. The description was published in Brown's book Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen from a specimen in Archibald Menzies' early collection.[5][6]In 2001, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown described three subspecies of Caladenia flava including the autonym Caladenia flava subsp. flava and published the descriptions in Nuytsia.[7] The specific epithet ("flava") is a Latin word meaning "golden-yellow".[8] Distribution and habitatCowslip orchid grows in a range of soils, often in winter wet areas, in forest, the coastal woodlands and on the granite outcrops between Geraldton and Israelite Bay in most biogeographic regions of the South-West Province and in the Coolgardie region of the Eremaean Province. The species has been identified as occurring with burnt trees, including marri gum.[1][2][3][4][9] ConservationCaladenia flava subsp. flava is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[9]References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page=25}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q28925447}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dixon|first2=Kingsley|last3=French|first3=Christopher|last4=Brockman|first4=Garry|title=Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia|date=2013|publisher=Simon Nevill Publications|isbn=9780980348149|page=152}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia.|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=177|edition=3rd}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Pelloe |first1=Emily|title= West Australian Orchids|year=1930|location=Perth, Western Australia|page=54}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Caladenia flava|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/513570|publisher=APNI|accessdate=3 February 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Robert|title=Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae|date=1810|location=London|page=324|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21771#page/194/mode/1up|accessdate=3 February 2017}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Caladenia flava subsp. flava|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/574333|publisher=APNI|accessdate=3 February 2017}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =872}} 9. ^1 {{FloraBase|name=Caladenia flava subsp. flava|id=15348}} 5 : Caladenia|Orchids of Western Australia|Endemic orchids of Australia|Plants described in 1810|Taxa named by Stephen Hopper |
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