| 词条 | Caladenia lowanensis |
| 释义 |
| name = Wimmera spider orchid | image = Caladenia lowanensis.jpg | image_caption = | status_system = EPBC | status = EN | genus = Caladenia | species = lowanensis | authority = G.W.Carr[1] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = Arachnorchis lowanensis (G.W.Carr) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. }} Caladenia lowanensis, commonly known as Wimmera spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It is a ground orchid with a single leaf and a single cream-coloured flower with red lines and blotches. The total population of this orchid was estimated in 2010 to be only about 700 plants but most are protected in reserves. DescriptionCaladenia lowanensis is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a spherical underground tuber. It has a single leaf, {{convert|70-120|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|8-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. A single flower {{convert|30-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide is borne on a spike {{convert|120-250|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The flowers are cream-coloured with red streaks and blotches. The sepals have flattened, club-like, dark red glandular tips {{convert|5-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. The dorsal sepal is erect, {{convert|25-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2.3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The lateral sepals are {{convert|25-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-4|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide and spread widely, sometimes curved downwards. The petals are {{convert|20-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is egg-shaped, {{convert|10-14|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and pale yellowish with red streaks and a red tip which is curled under. The sides of the labellum have linear teeth up to {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and there are four or six well-spaced rows of shiny red calli along its mid-line but not extending to the tip. Flowering occurs in September and October.[1][2][3]Taxonomy and namingCaladenia lowanensis was first formally described in 1991 by Geoffrey Carr from a specimen collected near Kiata and the description was published in Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association Miscellaneous Paper 1.[4] The specific epithet (lowanensis) is derived from the Lowan district of Victoria with the Latin suffix -ensis meaning "of" or "from"[5] referring to the distribution of this orchid species.[6]Distribution and habitatThe Wimmera spider orchid grows in sparse woodland near Kiata, in and near the Little Desert National Park.[1][2][3] ConservationCaladenia lowanensis is listed as "endangered" under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. In 2010 the known population of this species was 700 plants in five populations but about 90% of these were protected in reserves. The main threats to the species are rubbish dumping, trampling, weed invasion and grazing by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).[3][7]References1. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Jeanes|first1=Jeffrey|title=Caladenia lowanensis|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/ef1089e1-ff0a-48f5-ae43-0e1a55a96a54|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Vicflora|accessdate=18 February 2017}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q9673734}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages=72–73}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Conservation Advice Caladenia lowanensis (Wimmera spider-orchid)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/24374-conservation-advice-16122016.pdf|publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment|accessdate=18 February 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Caladenia lowanensis|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/553201|publisher=APNI|accessdate=18 February 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =38}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Clifford|first1=Harold T.|last2=Bostock|first2=Peter D.|title=Etymological dictionary of grasses|date=2007|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783540384328|page=175}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Action statement: Twelve threatened Caladenia species|url=http://delwp.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/250401/Mellbloms-Spider-Orchid_Twelve_Caladenias.pdf|publisher=Government of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment|accessdate=18 February 2017}} 4 : Caladenia|Plants described in 1991|Endemic orchids of Australia|Orchids of Victoria (Australia) |
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