| 词条 | Caladenia nivalis |
| 释义 |
| name = Exotic spider orchid | image = Caladenia nivalis 01.jpg | image_caption = Caladenia nivalis in the Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park | status_system = | status = | genus = Caladenia | species = nivalis | authority = Hopper & A.P.Br.[1] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =
}} Caladenia nivalis, commonly known as the exotic spider orchid[3] or crystalline spider orchid,[4] is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. This orchid is easily distinguished by its bright white to pale pink and red flowers and its narrow range in and near the Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park. DescriptionCaladenia nivalis is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, {{convert|100-180|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|4-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. Up to three bright white, sometimes pale pink flowers {{convert|60-80|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|50-80|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on a stalk {{convert|120-200|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The sepals have thick, brown, club-like glandular tips. The dorsal sepal is erect, {{convert|35-55|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The lateral sepals are {{convert|35-55|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|5-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and spread widely but with the tips turned downwards. The petals are {{convert|30-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|4-5|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is {{convert|18-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, white near the base then bright red with the tip curled under. The sides of the labellum have teeth up to {{convert|2.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and there four or more rows of red calli up to {{convert|1.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long along the centre. Flowering occurs from late August to October.[1][2][3]Taxonomy and namingCaladenia nivalis was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown and the description was published in Nuytsia.[4] The specific epithet (nivalis) is a Latin word meaning "snowy" or "of snow"[5] referring to the bright white flowers of this species.[1]Distribution and habitatThe exotic spider orchid occurs between Cape Naturaliste and Moses Rock in the Jarrah Forest and Warren biogeographic regions where it grows in peppermint woodland, coastal heath and in granite crevices.[1][2][3][6] ConservationCaladenia nivalis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=105}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q15287646}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =63}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=121|edition=3rd}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Caladenia nivalis|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/574123|publisher=APNI|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page = 559}} 6. ^1 {{FloraBase|name=Caladenia nivalis|id=15373}} 7 : Caladenia|Orchids of Western Australia|Endemic orchids of Australia|Plants described in 2001|Endemic flora of Western Australia|Taxa named by Stephen Hopper|Taxa named by Andrew Phillip Brown |
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