| 词条 | Calanus sinicus |
| 释义 |
|name=Calanus sinicus | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Maxillopoda | subclassis = Copepoda | ordo = Calanoida | familia = Calanidae | genus = Calanus | species = C. sinicus | binomial = Calanus sinicus | binomial_authority = Brodsky, 1962 }} Calanus sinicus is a copepod found in the northwest Atlantic. DescriptionThe female C. sinicus generally ranges from about {{convert|2.1|to|3.6|mm|in}}. The male generally ranges between about {{convert|2|and|3.5|mm|in}}.[1] For adults and copepodite stages IV and above, lower temperatures result in longer prosomes.[2] DistributionC. sinicus is found in the northwest Atlantic, off of the east coast of Asia to the South China Sea.[1]EcologyLife cycle and reproductionC. sinicus reproduces throughout the year.[2] There are generally two peaks in reproduction. In the southern Yellow Sea, these peaks occur from May to July and from November to January. These peaks occur when the temperatures throughout the water column fall into its preferred temperature range of {{convert|10|to|23|C|F}}.[5] It can tolerate ranges between {{convert|1|and|27|C|F}} for limited periods of time, and can reproduce between about {{convert|5|and|23|C|F}}.[3] It is likely that there are two different reproductive strategies carried out during spring and autumn. In the first reproductive period, during spring, the average prosome length is high, which allows it to produce more eggs around the time of the phytoplankton bloom. During autumn, on the other hand, accumulated energy is likely used to finance reproduction.[4] Spawning occurs at the surface during the night and dawn, with peak spawning occurring during the latter. The depth at which eggs are found varies seasonally; a study in the Sea of Japan found that eggs generally occurred at about {{convert|12|m|ft}} in depth in August and September, about {{convert|25|m|ft}} in November, about {{convert|30|m|ft}} in June, and about {{convert|41|m|ft}} in March.[5] The depth at which eggs are found may be related to the avoidance of cannibalism by late copepodite stages and adults, as, in some cases, a lack of overlap between the vertical distribution of eggs and potential cannibals has been observed. The eggs hatch into nauplii in about one day.[6]From August onwards, the population declines and its distribution shrinks. During this time, it is found in cooler waters; it oversummers, for example, in the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water, where temperatures are usually below {{convert|10|C|F}}. Adults, stage V copepodites, and some stage IV copepodites are found in the colder bottom waters, whereas copepodite stages I through III are found in the middle layer, where temperatures are between about {{convert|10|and|20|C|F}}.[3] During this time, it still feeds actively.[7] Relationship with humansC. sinicus is an important food of anchovies, sandeels, and sardines, which are important commercially.[8]References1. ^1 {{cite web|author1=Razouls C.|author2=de Bovée F.|author3=Kouwenberg J.|author4=Desreumaux N.|url=https://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/fichesp.php?sp=511|title=Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods|year=2018|access-date=27 July 2018|publisher=Sorbonne Université, CNRS}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Geographic distribution, seasonal life cycle, biomass and production of a planktonic copepod Calarms sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan and its neighboring Pacific Ocean|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=15|issue=11|year=1993|pages=1229–1246|issn=0142-7873|doi=10.1093/plankt/15.11.1229}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Rong|last2=Zuo|first2=Tao|last3=Wang|first3=Ke|title=The Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water—an oversummering site for Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=25|issue=2|year=2003|pages=169–183|issn=14643774|doi=10.1093/plankt/25.2.169}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=G.-T.|last2=Sun|first2=Song|last3=Zhang|first3=Fang|title=Seasonal variation of reproduction rates and body size of Calanus sinicus in the Southern Yellow Sea, China|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|volume=27|issue=2|year=2004|pages=135–143|issn=1464-3774|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbh164}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan: III. Early summer and overall seasonal pattern|journal=Marine Biology|volume=117|issue=2|year=1993|pages=289–299|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/BF00345674}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=C.|last2=Uye|first2=S.|last3=Onbé|first3=T.|title=Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan: II. Late fall and early spring|journal=Marine Biology|volume=113|issue=3|year=1992|pages=391–400|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/BF00349164}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=C.|last2=Sun|first2=S.|last3=Wang|first3=R.|last4=Wang|first4=X.|title=Feeding and respiration rates of a planktonic copepod (Calanus sinicus) oversummering in Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Waters|journal=Marine Biology|volume=145|issue=1|year=2004|issn=0025-3162|doi=10.1007/s00227-004-1306-x}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Uye|first1=S|title=Why does Calanus sinicus prosper in the shelf ecosystem of the Northwest Pacific Ocean?|journal=ICES Journal of Marine Science|volume=57|issue=6|year=2000|pages=1850–1855|issn=10543139|doi=10.1006/jmsc.2000.0965}} 2 : Calanoida|Crustaceans described in 1962 |
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