1. ^{{cite book | title=Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance | publisher=National Bioethics Advisory Commission | series=Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance | year=1999 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcye47wPfqgC | access-date=6 October 2018 | page=D-31|quote=The California Cryobank, founded in 1977, is one of the largest full—service sperm banks.}}
2. ^[https://www.economist.com/business/2017/09/14/the-business-of-sperm-banks Seed capital – The business of sperm banks], The Economist, Sep 14th 2017
3. ^[https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2018/05/casais-importam-semen-dos-eua-com-busca-que-inclui-semelhanca-com-famosos.shtml Casais importam sêmen dos EUA com busca que inclui semelhança com famosos], Estelita Hass Carazzai, Phillippe Watanabe, Folha de S. Paulo, May 28, 2018 (in Portuguese)
4. ^[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-36901263 "Soy hija única pero tengo 5 hermanos": los hijos de donantes de esperma que buscan sus raíces en internet], Beatriz Díez, BBC Mundo, August 2, 2016 (in Spanish)
5. ^[https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2016/05/160523_vert_salud_esperma_muerte_fallecido_embarazo_ps El controvertido uso de esperma de hombres muertos para tener hijos], Jenny Morber, BBC, May 24, 2016 (in Spanish)
6. ^[https://qz.com/678484/widows-and-parents-want-to-preserve-dead-mens-sperm-but-what-are-the-rights-of-the-deceased/ Widows and parents want to preserve dead men’s sperm–but what are the rights of the deceased?], Jenny Morber, Quartz, May 8, 2016