| 词条 | Calochilus richae |
| 释义 |
| name = Bald-tip beard orchid | status_system = EPBC | status = EN | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Calochilus richae | authority= D.L.Jones[1] | display_parents = 3 }} Calochilus richae, commonly known as the bald-tip beard orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to a small area in Victoria. It is a rare species, discovered in 1928 but not seen again until 1968 and its numbers are in decline. It has a single dark green leaf and up to five reddish brown flowers with darker stripes and a labellum with short, spiky, purplish "hairs". DescriptionCalochilus richae is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single dark green, linear, channelled leaf {{convert|150-300|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-13|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The leaf is fully developed at flowering time. Up to five reddish brown flowers with darker stripes, {{convert|30-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on a flowering stem {{convert|200-360|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. Individual flowers last for between two and four days. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The lateral sepals are a similar length but narrower and the petals are {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The labellum is flat, narrow near its base then egg-shaped, {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-8|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. Three quarters of the labellum is covered with short, spiky purple calli and the tip tapers to a short "tail". The column has two purple "eyes" connected by a ridge. Flowering occurs in September and October.[2][3][4][5]Taxonomy and namingCalochilus richae was first formally described in 1929 by William Henry Nicholls from a specimen collected near Whroo and the description was published in The Victorian Naturalist.[6] The specific epithet (richae) honour Mrs. Edith Rich who discovered the species.[7]Nicholls published the name Calochilus richii, Australian authorities currently use the spelling Calochilus richiae but World Checklist of Selected Plant Families uses Calochilus richae.[6][1] Distribution and habitatThe bald-tip beard orchid grows in hilly open forest. It is only known from a single population of fewer than twenty plants near Rushworth.[2][3] EcologyThis orchid is pollinated by male scoliid wasps from the genus Campsomeris when they attempt to copulate with the labellum. The capsules mature five to eight weeks later. This orchid reproduces only from seed.[4] ConservationThis orchid was first discovered in 1928 but was not seen again until 1968. About 23 plants were seen in flower in 1980 but the numbers have declined since then to between none and four plants in flower between 1998 and 2004. The species is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Victorian Government Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The main threats to the species are grazing by native herbivores, habitat disturbance as a result of illegal rubbish dumping, illegal firewood collection and illegal collecting of the flowers.[4][5] References1. ^1 {{WCSP | 31764 | Calochilus richae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q15495003}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages =261–262}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Jeanes |first1=Jeff |title=Calochilus richiae |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/b2b60782-1cb6-4d31-a7c7-bc6cfa14f9bb |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=6 July 2018}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Action statement - bald-tip beard orchid |url=https://www.environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/32568/Bald_Tip_Beard_Orchid_Calochilus_richiae.pdf |publisher=Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment |accessdate=6 July 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Duncan |first1=Mike |title=National recovery pland for the bald-tip beard orchid Calochilus richiae |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/d850e628-500b-4198-b99a-5fcfbfbe1e60/files/calochilus-richiae.pdf |publisher=Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment |accessdate=6 July 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Calochilus richiae|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/525482|publisher=APNI|accessdate=6 July 2018}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Nicholls |first1=William H. |title=A new Victorian orchid |journal=The Victorian Naturalist |date=1919 |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=233–234 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124931#page/292/mode/1up |accessdate=6 July 2018}} 4 : Calochilus|Flora of New South Wales|Endemic orchids of Australia|Plants described in 1929 |
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