| 词条 | William Bulger |
| 释义 |
|nickname = Billy |image = Senate President William M. Bulger (9519685196).jpg |office=President of the University of Massachusetts |term_start=1996 |term_end=2003 |appointed=Bill Weld |preceded=Shirley Penney |succeeded=Jack M. Wilson |office2=President of the Massachusetts Senate |term_start2=1978 |term_end2=1996 |preceded2=Kevin B. Harrington |succeeded2=Tom Birmingham |state_senate3=Massachusetts |district3=1st Suffolk |term_start3= January 6, 1971 |term_end3= January 4, 1996 |preceded3=Joe Moakley |succeeded3=Stephen Lynch |office4=Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives |term_start4=1961 |term_end4=1971 |preceded4=Joe Moakley |succeeded4=Raymond Flynn |birth_name = William Michael Bulger |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|2|2}} |birth_place = Dorchester, Massachusetts |death_date = |death_place = |occupation = Politician, educator, attorney |education = B.A. Boston College, 1957 (English Literature) J.D. Boston College (Law), 1961 | party = Democrat |spouse = Mary Foley (1960–present) |relations = James "Whitey" Bulger (brother) |website= }} William Michael Bulger (born February 2, 1934) is a retired American Democratic politician, lawyer, and educator from South Boston, Massachusetts. His eighteen-year tenure as President of the Massachusetts Senate is the longest in history. He then became president of the University of Massachusetts. His brother was convicted mob boss James "Whitey" Bulger, who led the Winter Hill Gang. In 2003 he refused to testify in a congressional hearing about communications he had with his then-fugitive brother.[1] For that he was forced to resign from the presidency of the University of Massachusetts. Early lifeBulger was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, to James Joseph Bulger, Senior and Jane Veronica "Jean" McCarthy, who were of Irish descent. He is the third of six children in the family, and younger brother of former mob boss James Joseph "Whitey" Bulger Jr. (1929–2018). When Bulger was four years old, the family moved to South Boston's Old Harbor Village housing project, soon after it opened, in 1938. He grew up there and has maintained lifelong friendships with many of those who were his former neighbors, including best friend, Korean War Marine P.O.W. and Purple Heart recipient Fred L. Toomey. The late Congressman Joe Moakley (1927–2001) was also a close childhood neighbor.[2] Although the Bulger family was poor, William matriculated into Boston College High School. He enrolled at Boston College in 1952, but his undergraduate career was interrupted when he joined the United States Army. He served from September 1953 to November 1955, then returned to Boston College, completing his undergraduate degree in English Literature with the help of the G.I. Bill. He attended Boston College Law School, from which he received his Doctor of Jurisprudence degree in 1961.[2] He is also the recipient of over 20 honorary degrees from a variety of academic institutions.[2] Political careerBulger became interested in politics in 1959 and was first elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1960. After serving five terms, Bulger was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate in 1970 representing the First Suffolk District. In 1973 he was named Second Assistant Floor Majority Leader.[3] After Joseph DiCarlo's conviction for extortion in 1977, Bulger succeeded him as Senate Majority Leader.[4] Bulger was elected President of the Massachusetts State Senate in 1978 and was re-elected every two years to 1996, making his time as State Senate president the longest tenure in Massachusetts history. Bulger joined other Irish-American neighborhood leaders in opposition to court-ordered desegregated busing. Like other Massachusetts politicians who were elected leaders of their legislative chambers, Bulger was frequently pilloried in the media, but remained very popular in his district. He won his district election every two years from 1961 to 1994 without ever facing a challenge more serious than he faced in the Democratic primary in 1988, when Stephen Holt, a neophyte liberal activist and bookstore owner from Dorchester won 31 out of 60 precincts, only to lose the district by a landslide due to the huge turnout of Bulger supporters in South Boston. Political milestonesDuring the 1960s, he led efforts to write the first child abuse reporting laws in the state. He was supportive of environmental protection legislation. Bulger was among the first advocates of charter schools and public school choice. During the 1980s, he advocated funding of public libraries, the expansion of childhood nutrition services and fuel assistance programs. As Senate president, Bulger led the debate on welfare reform in the early 1990s, with the resulting legislation becoming the model for a national law. For many years, Bulger hosted the annual St. Patrick's Day Breakfast in South Boston. This is a "roast" of politicians.[2] President of the University of Massachusetts systemBulger was appointed President of the University of Massachusetts by the Board of Trustees on November 28, 1995. His candidacy for the UMass position was supported by Governor William Weld. The appointment was controversial in academic circles, as Bulger had no prior experience in higher education, and lacked the academic doctoral degree usually required for the presidency of a major state university system.[5] On August 6, 2003, Bulger announced that he would resign as president of the system effective September 1, 2003. His resignation came due to pressure from Governor Mitt Romney after Bulger had refused to cooperate with authorities who were searching for Bulger's brother, the notorious mobster James "Whitey" Bulger.[6] Jack M. Wilson, Vice President for Academic and Student Affairs, who had come to UMass from the post of J. Erik Jonsson Distinguished Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to create UMassOnline, was tapped to be the interim president. Wilson was appointed as the president in March 2004 after the conclusion of a national search. Controversy over brotherBulger's older brother James "Whitey" Bulger, Jr., was a convicted crime boss and serial murderer[7] and the former boss of the Winter Hill Gang. Whitey was a fugitive from 1995 until his arrest in June 2011. In 1999, Whitey's longtime aide, Kevin Weeks, pleaded guilty to a number of charges related to Whitey's crime spree and became a cooperating witness. Weeks revealed that in 1995, William talked to Whitey during an arranged phone conversation just two weeks after Whitey fled a pending racketeering indictment. William was called before a grand jury in April 2001 and admitted to talking with his brother. When asked why he didn't urge Whitey to turn himself in, William replied that he didn't feel it was in his brother's best interest to give himself up at the time.[8] After portions of Bulger's testimony were published in The Boston Globe, he testified to a Congressional committee about the incident on June 19, 2003 after being granted immunity from prosecution for obstruction of justice. Bulger revealed that he went to an arranged location in 1995 to take a call from his fugitive brother, apparently to avoid electronic eavesdropping. He claimed that not notifying authorities about the call was "in no way inconsistent with my devotion to my own responsibilities, my public responsibilities" as state senate president.[8][9] During the hearing, when asked what he thought James (Whitey) did for a living, William Bulger said: I had the feeling that he was in the business of gaming and... whatever. It was vague to me but I didn't think, for a long while he had some jobs but ultimately it was clear that he was not being, you know, he wasn't doing what I'd like him to do.[9] He added that he loved his brother and hoped that the most brutal rumors concerning him will be proven false. Bulger came under harsh criticism for his apparent evasiveness, and Governor Mitt Romney, among others, demanded his resignation. Under pressure from all quarters, Bulger resigned as president of the University of Massachusetts in the fall of 2003. Bulger also testified that the FBI never asked if he knew of Whitey's location. Those remarks were disputed by a former FBI agent who claimed Bulger declined to submit to an interview with the FBI.[10] Months later, the committee report found Bulger's testimony "inconsistent" about whether the FBI had contacted him in its search for his fugitive brother.[10] Upon Whitey's arrest in California in June 2011, William Bulger issued a statement expressing his "sympathies to the families hurt" in the case, and asking for privacy for his family.[11] Active retirement and familyBulger is a past president of the Boston Public Library and past member of the Board of Trustees. He is also Overseer Emeritus of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In addition, he is a former member of the Massachusetts General Hospital Board of Trustees, Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees, and McLean Hospital Board of Trustees. He joined the faculties of Boston College and Suffolk University as a lecturer of political science in 2004. Bulger lives in South Boston with Mary Foley, his wife whom he married in 1960. According to the Massachusetts Open Checkbook list of state pensions, Bulger is currently receiving a pension from Massachusetts at a rate of $200,486 annually.[12] Biographical works
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/25/us/sticking-by-a-murderous-brother-and-paying-for-it-dearly.html|title=Sticking by a Murderous Brother, and Paying for It Dearly|work=The New York Times|date=November 24, 2013|first=Katharine Q.|last=Seelye}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | title = While the Music Lasts | first = William | isbn = 0-395-72041-9 | year = 1996 | publisher = Houghton Miffen Co |last =Bulger }} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1977-78|page=49|url=https://archive.org/stream/publicofficersof19771978bost#page/48/mode/2up}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Bulger promoted to majority leader|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=March 1, 1977|author=Robert Turner|author2=Robert Carr}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hogarty|first=Richard|date=September 1996|title=UMass Chooses a Political Executive: The Politics of a Presidential Search|url=https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol12/iss1/8|journal=New England Journal of Public Policy|volume=12|issue=1|pages=163–201|issn=0749-016X|eissn=2373-6062}} 6. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/23/whitey-bulger-arrested-in_n_882728.html | title = Whitey Bulger Arrested: Infamous Mob Fugitive Caught In Santa Monica | work = The Huffington Post | date = June 23, 2011 | first=David | last=Lohr}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/jury-heads-into-5th-day-of-deliberations-in-racketeering-trial-of-reputed-crime-boss-bulger/2013/08/12/36dedfe2-0318-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130812190324/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/jury-heads-into-5th-day-of-deliberations-in-racketeering-trial-of-reputed-crime-boss-bulger/2013/08/12/36dedfe2-0318-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-08-12|title=Boston gangster 'Whitey' Bulger found guilty of gangland crimes, including 11 slayings|publisher=Washington Post }} 8. ^1 {{cite book|title=Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob|date=2000|publisher=HarperCollins|author=Lehr, Dick|edition=2001 1st Perennial|author2=O'Neill, Garard|isbn=0-06-095925-8}} 9. ^1 Edward Achorn,"The Anti-Brahmins: Not Every Massachusetts Dynasty Is Great," book review of The Brothers Bulger: How They Terrorized and Corrupted Boston For a Quarter Century, by Howie Carr, The Weekly Standard magazine, July 24, 2006. 10. ^1 Fox Butterfield, "F.B.I.Used Killers as Informants, Report Says," New York Times November 21, 2003, accessed September 10, 2006 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2011/06/23/william-bulger-issues-statement-regarding-brother-whiteys-arrest|title=William Bulger Issues Statement Regarding Brother Whitey's Arrest|publisher=CBS}} 12. ^"View Pensions", Massachusetts Open Checkbook, 2015 13. ^"A Profile in Political Power", Jamar Productions, 2010 External links
| title = Majority Leader of the Massachusetts Senate | before = Joseph DiCarlo | after =Daniel J. Foley | years = 1977–1978}}{{succession box | title = President of the Massachusetts Senate | before = Kevin Harrington | after =Thomas Birmingham | years = 1978–1996}}{{s-aca}}{{succession box | title = President of the University of Massachusetts | before = Sherry H. Penney | after =Jack M. Wilson | years = 1996–2003}}{{s-end}}{{University of Massachusetts System presidents}}{{Authority control}}{{Portal bar|Politics|United States}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulger, William M.}} 21 : 1934 births|Living people|American people of Irish descent|American political bosses|Boston College faculty|Boston College High School alumni|Boston College Law School alumni|Massachusetts Democrats|Massachusetts state senators|Politicians from Boston|Presidents of the Massachusetts Senate|University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni|United States Army soldiers|Military personnel from Massachusetts|Presidents of the University of Massachusetts system|Suffolk University faculty|Lawyers from Boston|People from South Boston|Writers from Boston|Massachusetts General Hospital people|McLean Hospital people |
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