“Cambodian–Spanish War”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Cambodian–Spanish War (Filipino: Digmaang Kambodyano-Espanyol; Spanish: Guerra Hispano-camboyana)^[1] (1593-1597) was an attempt by the Spanish Empire to conquer Cambodia, establish their own king, and Christianize the population.^[2] Along with the Spanish, native Filipinos and Japanese mercenaries participated in the invasion of Cambodia.^[3]

Each country possessed different motives for their invasion of Cambodia. Specifically, the Thai interference and the Spanish expedition was a result of a power struggle between rival factions in Cambodia's government.^[4] In addition, both Spanish and Portuguese took part in the invasion of Cambodia because King Philip II ruled both Spain and Portugal.^[5]

In February 1593, Thai ruler Naresuen attacked Cambodia in order to fight the Burmese.^[6] Later on, in May 1593, 100,000 Thai (Siamese) soldiers invaded Cambodia.^[7] As a result of the Thai's invasion, Lovek was conquered in July 1594.

In 1593, the Spanish expedition led by Gregorio Vargas Machuca and Blas Ruiz de Hernán Gonzáles entered Cambodia through the city of Manila.^[8]Although the Spanish invasion of Cambodia (supported by Luis Pérez Dasmariñas) failed, Ruiz and Veloso succeeded in establishing king Barom Reachea II in May 1597.^[9]

Private individuals of Muslim Malays, Chams, Cambodians retaliated to Spain and Portugal's invasion by slaughtering the Spanish and Portuguese, including Diogo Veloso.^[10]^[11] Only a few Filipinos and one Spaniard survived the massacre.^[12] Because of the massacre, Spain's planned Christianization of Cambodia failed.^[13] After the attack, Cambodia came under the dominance of the Thai in July 1599.^[14]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Tony Jaques|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&pg=PR36&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RI3OVJncF8u1sQTFvIGoCA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia&f=false|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33537-2|pages=xxxvi–}}
2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrFGAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Spanish+Cambodia|title=History of South-East Asia|publisher=Macmillan Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-333-24163-9|page=281|author=Daniel George Edward Hall}}
3. ^http://www.samuelhawley.com/imjinarticle3.html
4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8S5PXyWMEeAC&pg=PT24&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|title=A Short History of South-East Asia|date=3 February 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-35044-7|pages=24–|author=Peter Church}}
5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dY79QltL5fQC&pg=PA35&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|title=Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Swift Fall, 1415 - 1999|date=4 August 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-16999-5|pages=35–|author=Arthur Cotterell}}
6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrFGAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1593+Cambodia|title=History of South-East Asia|publisher=Macmillan Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-333-24163-9|page=299|author=Daniel George Edward Hall}}
7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTDfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA445&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RI3OVJncF8u1sQTFvIGoCA&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia&f=false|title=Dictionary of Wars|date=31 October 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-95494-9|pages=445–|author=George Childs Kohn}}
8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrFGAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Spaniards+1593+Cambodia|title=History of South-East Asia|publisher=Macmillan Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-333-24163-9|page=280|author=Daniel George Edward Hall}}
9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrFGAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1597+Cambodia|title=History of South-East Asia|publisher=Macmillan Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-333-24163-9|page=282|author=Daniel George Edward Hall}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bc30ytJmwzMC&pg=PA139&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|date=1 October 2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-13793-4|pages=139–|author=Ben Kiernan}}
11. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cNwpAQAAMAAJ&q=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IqbOVK7lE8GuggT1kIPwBw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAjgK|title=Encyclopedia of Asian history|publisher=Scribner|year=1988|page=185|author1=Ainslie Thomas Embree|author2=Robin Jeanne Lewis}}
12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ml2ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA178&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|title=A History of South East Asia|date=15 July 2014|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|isbn=978-981-4634-70-0|pages=178–|author=Arthur Cotterell}}
13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRfg1yx_4F0C&pg=PA44&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|title=Phnom Penh: A Cultural History|date=4 September 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-971173-4|pages=44–|author=Milton Osborne}}
14. ^{{cite book|author1=Donald F. Lach|author2=Edwin J. Van Kley|title=A Century of Advance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4t8S7BfgeIC&pg=PA1147&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kI3OVN7FLYHgggSfqIOYCw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20malay&f=false|year=1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-46768-9|pages=1147–}}