| 词条 | William Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart |
| 释义 |
| name =The Earl Cathcart | image =1stEarlCathcart.jpg | caption =The First Earl Cathcart | birth_date ={{birth date|1755|09|17|df=yes}} | death_date ={{death date and age|1843|06|16|1755|09|17|df=yes}} | birth_place =Petersham, England | death_place =Glasgow, Scotland | placeofburial = | nickname = Cath | allegiance ={{flag|United Kingdom}} | branch ={{army|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears = | rank =General | unit = | commands =Commander-in-Chief, Scotland Commander-in-Chief, Ireland | battles =American Revolutionary War
| awards =Knight of the Order of the Thistle Order of St. Andrew (Russia) Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree (Russia) | relations = | laterwork = }} General William Schaw Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KT|PC|PCi}} (17 September 1755{{snd}}16 June 1843) was a Scottish soldier and diplomatist. Early lifeCathcart born at Petersham, London, on 17 September 1755, and educated at Eton College. Military careerIn 1771 he went to St. Petersburg, where his father, Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart, a general in the army, was ambassador. He became an excellent horseman in Russia then from 1773 to 1777 he studied law at the University of Glasgow and was afterwards called to the Scottish Bar.{{sfn|C. J. Barrington (pub)|1814|page=3}} He succeeded to the lordship upon his father's death in 1776, and in 1777 he obtained a commission in the 7th Dragoons.[1] Proceeding to America in 1777, he had before the close of his first campaign twice won promotion on the field of battle. He transferred to the 17th Light Dragoons. In 1778 he further distinguished himself in outpost work, and at the Battle of Monmouth he commanded an irregular corps, the British Legion, with conspicuous success; for a time also he acted as quartermaster-general to the forces in America. He returned home in 1780, and in February 1781 was made captain and lieutenant colonel in the Coldstream Guards.[1] He was elected a representative peer for Scotland in 1788, and in 1792 he became colonel of the 29th Foot. He served with distinction in the campaigns in the Low Countries, 1793–1795, in the course of which he was promoted major general; and in 1801 he was made a lieutenant general, having in the meanwhile received the appointments of Vice Admiral of Scotland (1795), privy councillor (1798), and colonel of the 2nd Life Guards (1797).[1] From 1803 to 1805 Lord Cathcart was Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, and in the latter year he was sent by Pitt to supersede Sir George Don in command of the 14,000 strong British expedition to Hanover.[1] He occupied Hanover on 14 December and joined with Werdereffsky’s Russian column of Tolstoi’s corps. After skirmishes with the French forces of {{Interlanguage link multi|Gabriel Barbou des Courières|fr}} at Springe, Cathcart was forced to withdraw after the Franco-Prussian agreement of 27 January 1806 handing over Hanover to Prussia, and re-embarked for the United Kingdom on 7 February 1806. After the recall of this expedition Cathcart commanded the forces in Scotland until 1807, when he was placed in charge of the expedition to Copenhagen, which surrendered to him on 6 September. Four weeks later he was created Viscount Cathcart of Cathcart and Baron Greenock of Greenock in the peerage of the United Kingdom, resuming the Scottish command on his return from the front.[1] On 1 January 1812 he was promoted to the full rank of general, and a few months later he proceeded to Russia as ambassador and military commissioner. In the latter capacity he served with the headquarters of the allies throughout the War of Liberation (1812–1814); his success in the delicate and difficult task of maintaining harmony and devotion to the common cause amongst the generals of many nationalities was recognized after the war by his elevation to the earldom (July 1814). He then went to St. Petersburg, and continued to hold the post of ambassador until 1820, when he returned to the United Kingdom. He died at his estate near Glasgow on 16 June 1843.[1] He is buried in Paisley Abbey with a monument by William Mossman erected in 1848.[2] FamilyCathcart married Elizabeth Elliot, the daughter of the lieutenant-governor of New York Andrew Elliot, on 10 April 1779. The couple had ten children, the first five being born in the 1780s. Their first child, Louisa, was born in New York on 25 January 1780, but died soon after her birth. Other children included the army officers Sir George Cathcart and Sir Charles Cathcart, both of whom became generals, the latter inheriting the peerage on his father's death.[1] William's first-born son, William Cathcart, entered the Royal Navy but died of yellow fever in 1804 while in command of his ship HMS Clorinde.[3] Cathcart took two of his sons with him during his appointment as ambassador to Russia, Captain Frederick Macadam Cathcart served as his private secretary and Lieutenant George Cathcart functioned as his aide-de-camp. Cathcart's last son, Adolphus Frederick Cathcart, was born on 28 June 1803. Citations and referencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Cathcart, William Schaw Cathcart, 1st Earl |volume=5 |page=518}} References2. ^Dictionary of British Sculptors: 1660–1851, Rupert Gunnis 3. ^{{cite book|volume = 20| publisher = Naval Record Society| title = Naval Miscellany Volume 1| year = 1902| editor = John Knox Laughton}}
See also
External links{{DNB poster|Cathcart, William Schaw}}
| years = 1794–1798}}{{s-aft| after = Sir Ralph Abercromby}}{{s-bef| before = Sir Ralph Abercromby}}{{s-ttl| title = Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire | years = 1801–1803}}{{s-aft| after = The Earl of Mansfield}}{{s-mil}}{{s-bef| before = The Lord William Gordon}}{{s-ttl| title = Vice-Admiral of Scotland | years = 1795–1843}}{{s-vac}}{{s-bef| before = The Lord Amherst}}{{s-ttl| title = Colonel of the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards | years = 1797–1843}}{{s-aft| after = The Marquess of Londonderry}} |-{{succession box | before=Charles Stanhope | title=Colonel of the 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot | years=1792–1797 | after=Gordon Forbes}} |-{{s-bef| before = Henry Fox}}{{s-ttl| title = Commander-in-Chief, Ireland | years = 1803–1806}}{{s-aft| after = The Earl of Harrington}} |-{{s-bef|before=The Earl of Moira}}{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief, Scotland|years=1806–1812}}{{s-aft|after=Henry Wynyard}} |-{{s-bef| before = The Lord Hill}}{{s-ttl| title = Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull | years = 1830–1843}}{{s-non| reason = Office abolished}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new| rows = 2 | creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Earl Cathcart | years = 1814–1843}}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Charles Cathcart }}{{s-ttl| title = Viscount Cathcart | years = 1807–1843}}{{s-reg|sct}}{{s-bef| before = Charles Cathcart}}{{s-ttl| title = Lord Cathcart | years = 1776–1843}}{{s-aft| after = Charles Cathcart}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cathcart, William Schaw Cathcart, 1st Earl}} 24 : 1755 births|1843 deaths|7th Queen's Own Hussars officers|17th Lancers officers|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia|British Army generals|British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War|British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars|British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars|British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars|British Life Guards officers|Coldstream Guards officers|Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland|Diplomatic peers|Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Knights of the Thistle|Lord-Lieutenants of Clackmannanshire|Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain|Members of the Privy Council of Ireland|People educated at Eton College|Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew|Scottish representative peers|Worcestershire Regiment officers|Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。