| 词条 | William Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Mount Temple | honorific-suffix = PC | image = William Cowper-Temple, Lock & Whitfield woodburytype, 1876-85.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | order1 = President of the Board of Health | term_start1 = 13 August 1855 | term_end1 = 9 February 1857 | monarch1 = Victoria | primeminister1 = The Viscount Palmerston | predecessor1 = Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt | successor1 = William Monsell | term_start2 = 24 September 1857 | term_end2 = 21 February 1858 | monarch2 = Victoria | primeminister2 = The Viscount Palmerston | predecessor2 = William Monsell | successor2 = Charles Adderley | order3 = Paymaster-General and Vice-President of the Board of Trade | term_start3 = 12 August 1859 | term_end3 = 9 February 1860 | monarch3 = Victoria | primeminister3 = The Viscount Palmerston | predecessor3 = James Wilson | successor3 = William Hutt | order4 = First Commissioner of Works | term_start4 = 9 February 1860 | term_end4 = 26 June 1866 | monarch4 = Victoria | primeminister4 = The Viscount Palmerston The Earl Russell | predecessor4 = Hon. Henry FitzRoy | successor4 = Lord John Manners | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1811|12|13}} | birth_place = Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1888|10|16|1811|12|13}} | death_place = Broadlands, Hampshire | nationality = British | party = Liberal | alma_mater = | spouse = (1) Harriet Gurney (d. 1843) (2) Georgina Tollemache (d. 1901) }} William Francis Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple PC (13 December 1811 – 16 October 1888), known as William Cowper (pronounced "Cooper") before 1869 and as William Cowper-Temple between 1869 and 1880, was a British Liberal statesman. Background and educationBorn at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, Cowper was the second son of Peter Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper, and the Hon. Emily Lamb, daughter of Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne (since his mother had several lovers there is some doubt about his true paternity). He was the younger brother of George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper and nephew of Prime Minister Lord Melbourne. His father died in 1837 and in 1839 his mother married another Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, who became Cowper's stepfather.[1] He was educated at Eton. After entering the Royal Horse Guards in 1830, he was promoted Captain five years later, eventually attaining the rank of brevet Major in 1852.[1] Political careerIn 1835, Cowper was elected Liberal Member of Parliament for Hertford, a seat he held for the next thirty-three years, and became private secretary to his uncle Prime Minister Lord Melbourne. He was appointed a Groom in Waiting in 1837, and in 1841 served for three months as a Lord of the Treasury under Melbourne, only resuming office five years later as a Lord of the Admiralty when the Whigs returned to power under Lord John Russell. He again held this post under Lord Aberdeen from 1852 to 1855, and in the latter year was made Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department by his stepfather Lord Palmerston when he became Prime Minister. In August that same year he was appointed President of the Board of Health,[2] and sworn of the Privy Council.[3] Four years later he became Vice-President of the Board of Trade and Paymaster General, only serving for a year before Palmerston appointed him First Commissioner of Works.{{sfn|Pollard|1901}} In 1866, on the fall of Lord Russell's government, Cowper left office for good. Two years later he was returned to Parliament for Hampshire South, and held this seat until 1880.{{sfn|Pollard|1901}} Cowper-Temple was involved in the 1870 Education Act which set up Board Schools (state primary schools, run by elected local school boards) throughout England. He was responsible for the Cowper-Temple clause, an amendment which became Section 14 of the Act. In order to overcome the concerns of Nonconformists that their children might be taught Anglican doctrine, the clause proposed that religious teaching in the new state schools be non-denominational, which in practice meant learning the Bible and a few hymns. Section 7 of the Act also gave parents the right to withdraw their children from any religious instruction provided in board schools, and to withdraw their children at that or other times to attend any other religious instruction of their choice.[4] When his mother died in 1869, he inherited a number of estates under his stepfather's will, and so took that year under Royal licence the additional surname of Temple. The properties included a 10,000 acre estate on Sligo's Mullaghmore peninsula with its unfinished Classiebawn Castle, commissioned by his stepfather, which he completed by 1874. In 1880 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Mount Temple, of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo.[5] This was a revival of the junior title held by the Viscounts Palmerston, which had become extinct along with the viscountcy on his stepfather's death in 1865. Apart from his political career Lord Mount Temple organized ecumenical conferences at Broadlands.[6] One of the regular speakers there was George MacDonald.{{sfn|Pollard|1901}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} Personal lifeLord Mount Temple was twice married. He married firstly Harriet Alicia, daughter of Daniel Gurney, in 1843. After her early death the same year, he married secondly, in 1848, Georgina Tollemache, daughter of Admiral John Richard Delap Tollemache, and a sister of the 1st Baron Tollemache. Both marriages were childless. He died on 16 October 1888, aged 76, at his home of Broadlands, Hampshire, and was buried at nearby Romsey.[1] His peerage became extinct on his death. Lady Mount Temple died in October 1901, aged 79.[7] His estates were inherited by his nephew, the Rt. Hon. Evelyn Ashley,{{sfn|Pollard|1901}} the second son of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. LegacyThe British rock band The Cooper Temple Clause were named after him.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} Books used for references
References1. ^1 2 {{cite ODNB|id=6515|first=H. C. G.|last=Matthew|title=Temple, William Francis Cowper-}} 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21762 |date=14 August 1855 |page=3083 }} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21762 |date=14 August 1855 |page=3082 }} 4. ^Jenkins 2002, pp231-5 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=24847 |date=25 May 1880 |page=3173 }} 6. ^{{cite book | title=Immortal Longings: F. W. H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death | first=Trevor | last=Hamilton | publisher=Imprint Academic | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-8454-0248-8 | pages=88–89 }} 7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Obituary - Georgina, Lady Mount Temple |day_of_week=Friday |date=18 October 1901 |page_number=4 |issue=36589| }}
External links
|-{{s-vac | last = Viscount Ingestre Viscount Mahon }}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Hertford | years = 1835–1868 | with = Viscount Mahon 1835–1852 | with2 = Thomas Chambers 1852–1857 | with3 = Sir Walter Townshend-Farquhar, Bt 1857–1866 | with4 = Robert Dimsdale from 1866 }}{{s-aft| after = Robert Dimsdale }}{{s-bef| before = Sir Jervoise Clark-Jervois, Bt Henry Hamlyn-Fane }}{{s-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Hampshire South | with = Lord Henry Montagu-Douglas-Scott | years = 1868–1880 }}{{s-aft| after = Francis Compton Lord Henry Montagu-Douglas-Scott }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title=Civil Lord of the Admiralty | before=Hon. Henry FitzRoy | after=Hon. Arthur Duncombe | years=1846–1852}}{{succession box | title=Civil Lord of the Admiralty | before=Hon. Arthur Duncombe | after=Sir Robert Peel, Bt | years=1852–1855}}{{succession box | title=Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | before=Hon. Henry FitzRoy | after=William Nathaniel Massey | years=1855}}{{succession box | title=President of the Board of Health | before=Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt | after=William Monsell | years=1855–1857}}{{s-new|office}}{{s-ttl| title = Vice President of the Council | years = 1857–1858 }}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Charles Adderley }}{{s-bef| before = William Monsell }}{{s-ttl| title = President of the Board of Health | years = 1857–1858 }}{{s-bef| rows = 2 | before = James Wilson }}{{s-ttl| title = Vice-President of the Board of Trade | years = 1859–1860 }}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = William Hutt }}{{s-ttl| title = Paymaster-General | years = 1859–1860 }}{{succession box | title=First Commissioner of Works | before=Hon. Henry FitzRoy | after=Lord John Manners | years=1860–1866}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Baron Mount Temple | years = 1880–1888 }}{{s-non| reason = Extinct }}{{s-end}}{{Paymaster General}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mount Temple, William Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron}} 20 : 1811 births|1888 deaths|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Royal Horse Guards officers|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Lords of the Admiralty|People educated at Eton College|Younger sons of earls|UK MPs 1835–37|UK MPs 1837–41|UK MPs 1841–47|UK MPs 1847–52|UK MPs 1852–57|UK MPs 1857–59|UK MPs 1859–65|UK MPs 1865–68|UK MPs 1868–74|UK MPs 1874–80 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。