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词条 Cannabis Act
释义

  1. History leading up to act

  2. Act and its provisions

     Revenue projections 

  3. Reactions

     Final implementation 

  4. See also

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{italictitle}}{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Cannabis Act
|legislature = Parliament of Canada
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|long_title = An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts
|citation =
|enacted_by = House of Commons
|date_passed =
|enacted_by2 = Senate
|date_enacted2 =
|date_passed2 =
|royal_assent = June 21, 2018
|bill = C-45
|bill_citation =
|bill_date =
|introduced_by = Jody Wilson-Raybould, Minister of Justice
|1st_reading = April 13, 2017
|2nd_reading = June 8, 2017
|3rd_reading = November 27, 2017
|committee_report = Report 12[1]
|bill2 = C-45
|bill_citation2 =
|bill_date2 =
|introduced_by2 =
|1st_reading2 = November 28, 2017
|2nd_reading2 = March 22, 2018
|3rd_reading2 = June 7, 2018
|date passed = June 19, 2018
|date_effective = October 17, 2018
|committee_report2 =
|amendments =
|repeals =
|related_legislation =
|summary =
|keywords =
|status = in force
}}

The Cannabis Act{{efn|Full title: An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts}} (also known as Bill C-45) (the Act) is the law which legalized recreational cannabis use nationwide in Canada in combination with its companion legislation Bill C-46, An Act to Amend the Criminal Code.[2] The law is a milestone in the legal history of cannabis in Canada, alongside the 1923 prohibition.

The Act was passed by the House of Commons of Canada in late November 2017.[3] It was passed in the Senate of Canada on June 7, 2018, and the House accepted some Senate amendments and sent the bill back to the Senate on June 18.[4][5] The Senate then passed the final version of the bill on June 19,[6][7] and it received Royal Assent on June 21. Canada is the second country in the world to legalize recreational cannabis nationwide after Uruguay.

History leading up to act

{{Canabis in Canada sidebar}}

The Liberal Party of Canada proposed legalization in 2012[8] and it was a major campaign platform for Justin Trudeau who became Prime Minister of Canada in 2015. Shortly after election, the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation was convened to study the issue. They released a report on Dec. 13, 2016.[9] On April 10, 2017, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and sources in other countries reported that the Liberals intended to table legislation by April 13, in time for it to be considered prior to the 420 "holiday".[11][12][13] A legalization date prior to July 1, 2018 was set to avoid Canada Day.[14] Canadian policymakers considered regulations and laws around legalized cannabis in Colorado, Washington State and Uruguay as a model.[15]

Act and its provisions

On April 13, 2017, Bill C-45, with the short title Cannabis Act, was introduced to Parliament, sponsored by Jody Wilson-Raybould, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada. It would allow for national use by individuals 18 and over, and possession of 30 grams. Provinces could further restrict possession, sale and use. Legal sales will take place at retail outlets or through the mail.[16][17] The provinces are responsible for setting up a system for retail sales. Mail delivery will be handled by the federal government.[10] The bill was said on 14 April 2017 to have a solid majority of support from both the governing Liberal Party and the Conservative Party.[19]

Personal production: Individuals will be permitted to grow up to four plants for their own use. While the sale of edibles (baked goods, drinks, etc) will not be allowed initially, individuals can make edibles at home for their own use.[11]Promotion and packaging: Companies will be allowed to brand their products, but they must avoid anything that would appear to appeal directly to youth such as cartoon characters, animals, or celebrity endorsements. Event sponsorship is also not allowed. Companies can also use factual information on their packaging, such as THC levels, that would help consumers make a decision on what product to buy. Promotion is only allowed in places where youth cannot view it.[10]

Revenue projections

Tax revenue to the national treasury is projected to be upwards of $675 million a year.[12]

Reactions

National legalization of cannabis north of the Canada–United States border is expected to create a competitive pressure for the United States to legalize at the federal level, lest consumers divert billions of dollars of revenue outside of the country.[19]

Many were disappointed that the legislation did not contain plans to expunge the criminal records of persons charged with simple possession. This means that anyone with a record for possessing under 30 grams will still need to petition a Record Suspension after a five year waiting period.[13] This led some activists to believe that the legalization is not "true legalization" [14] and does not help people who come from disadvantaged backgrounds.[15]

A satirical reaction in The Beaverton, an online Canadian publication, said that legalization would make cannabis "shittier and harder to get" in a country where it is already plentiful.[16] Canoe.com reported that the bill was rushed and failed to address concerns of the black market and did not set limits for legal impairment for motor vehicle operators.[28]

During the Lac St. Jean byelection, the debate over legalization was an issue. The Bloc Québécois candidate Marc Maltais expressed concerns over the bill's ability to respect provincial jurisdiction. The NDP candidate felt that the July 1st deadline was too fast for legalization to be implemented.[17]

A lawyer pointed out that the ticketing provision in the Act could likely "violate the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms."[15]

Final implementation

After being passed by the House of Commons, the bill was sent to the Senate. On June 1, 2018, the Canadian Senate passed an amendment to C-45 outlawing cannabis "brand-stretching". The amendment, which passed 34–28,[31] outlaws the sale and display of cannabis-related merchandise and makes it difficult to publicly promote cannabis once legalized.[18][19] However, this amendment was rejected by the Liberal government when the bill was returned to the House of Commons and does not appear in the final version of C-45 that received Royal Assent.[20]

On June 19, 2018, the Senate passed the bill and the Prime Minister announced the effective legalization date as October 17, 2018.[21] Canada is the second nation (after Uruguay) to legalise the drug.[22]

As expected, the use of cannabis for recreational purposes became legal across the country on October 17, 2018, under the Cannabis Act.[23] Persons aged 18 or older can possess up to 30 grams of dried or “equivalent non-dried form” in public. Adults are also allowed to make cannabis-infused food and drinks "as long as organic solvents are not used to create concentrated products." Each household is allowed to grow up to four cannabis plants from "licensed seed or seedlings", although Quebec and Manitoba chose to be excluded from this aspect of the legislation. Each province set its own procedures for retail sales, and these vary as to the ownership of retail stores (government or private enterprise) but all provinces decided to offer an option for on-line sales.[24]

Since marijuana is illegal in the US per federal legislation, the government warned that "previous use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, could mean that you are denied entry to the U.S". Canadians travelling within the country (but not internationally) are allowed to carry up to 30 grams of cannabis. Naturally, driving under the influence of drugs remained illegal.

[25][26]

See also

By province or territory

{{portal|Canada|Cannabis|Law}}{{cols|colwidth=20em}}
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Manitoba
  • New Brunswick
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nova Scotia
  • Nunavut
  • Ontario
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Quebec
  • Saskatchewan
  • Yukon
  • Canadian Indian reserves
{{div col end}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/HESA/StudyActivity?studyActivityId=9603581|title=HESA - Bill C-45, Cannabis Act|website=www.ourcommons.ca|accessdate=20 June 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gnb.ca/legis/publications/ReportNBWorkingGroupLegalizationOfCannabis.pdf|title=gnb.ca: "Report of the New Brunswick Working Group on the Legalization of Cannabis"|website=gnb.ca|accessdate=20 June 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/federal-marijuana-legislation-approved-by-house-of-commons-moves-on-to-senate/article37099260/|title=Federal marijuana legislation approved by House of Commons, moves on to Senate|publisher=|accessdate=20 June 2018|via=The Globe and Mail}}
4. ^{{citation|publisher=CBC News|date=June 7, 2018|title=Senate votes to pass recreational legalization of pot, bill now goes back to House of Commons|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pot-bill-passes-senate-1.4697124}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/international/392846-canadas-house-of-commons-votes-to-legalize-marijuana|title=Canada's House of Commons votes to legalize marijuana|last=Anapol|first=Avery|date=2018-06-18|work=TheHill|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/senate-passes-cannabis-legalization-bill-in-final-vote-1.3980234|title=Senate passes cannabis legalization bill in final vote|date=June 19, 2018|work=CTVNews|access-date=June 19, 2018}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4282677/pot-bill-senate-passes/|title=Marijuana legalization Bill C-45 officially passes Senate vote, heading for royal assent|work=Global News|access-date=June 19, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/m/wp/news/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/liberal-delegates-vote-yes-to-legalizing-marijuana-no-to-cutting-off-monarchy|title=Liberal delegates vote yes to legalizing marijuana, no to cutting off monarchy|publisher=}}
9. ^{{cite report | date=November 30, 2016 | title=A Framework for the Legalization and Regulation of Cannabis in Canada | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/marijuana-cannabis/task-force-marijuana-legalization-regulation/framework-legalization-regulation-cannabis-in-canada.html?_ga=2.183901285.215878009.1506978977-195686444.1487610150#forward | publisher=Government of Canada }}
10. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/campaigns/introduction-cannabis-act-questions-answers.html |title=Introduction of the Cannabis Act: Questions and Answers |author= |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=October 2, 2017 }}
11. ^{{Citation|title=The Cannabis Act - Marijuana Legalization and Regulation in Canada|publisher=MarijuanaLaws.ca|url=http://www.marijuanalaws.ca/cannabis-act-bill-c-45.html}}
12. ^{{Citation|title=A new report suggests Canada will rake in at least $675-million a year from taxing legal weed|author=Tamara Khandaker|date=April 11, 2017|publisher=Vice News|url=https://news.vice.com/story/canada-stands-to-rake-in-675-million-a-year-from-legal-weed}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Scotti|first1=Monique|title=As pot legalization looms, will police keep making arrests?|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3336598/as-pot-legalization-looms-will-police-keep-making-arrests/|accessdate=27 April 2018|agency=Global News|publisher=Corus Entertainment Inc.|date=27 March 2017}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/famous-canadians-share-their-optimistic-predictions-for-2018/|title=Famous Canadians share their optimistic predictions for 2018 - Macleans.ca|date=2017-11-30|work=Macleans.ca|access-date=2017-12-31|language=en-US}}
15. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.thelawyersdaily.ca/articles/4613/lawyer-warns-cannabis-bill-is-constitutionally-flawed-and-harmful|title=Lawyer warns cannabis bill is constitutionally flawed and harmful - The Lawyer's Daily|website=www.thelawyersdaily.ca|language=en|access-date=2017-12-31}}
16. ^{{citation|title=Liberals plan legislation to make marijuana shittier, harder to get|author=Tristan Bradley|publisher=The Beaverton|date=March 2017|url=https://www.thebeaverton.com/2017/03/liberals-plan-legislation-make-marijuana-shittier-harder-get/}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1058595/marijuana-loi-ottawa-debat-election-partielle|title=Cannabis : qu'en pensent les candidats dans Lac-Saint-Jean?|last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca|first=Zone Société -|website=Radio-Canada.ca|language=fr-ca|access-date=2017-12-31}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2018/06/01/senate-votes-to-ban-company-branded-cannabis-swag/|title=Senate votes to ban company branded cannabis swag|last=Duggan|first=Kyle|date=June 1, 2018|website=iPolitics|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/marijuana-bill-faces-critical-vote-at-last-step-ahead-of-legalization-1.3958662|title=Timeline of key events in marijuana bill's passage through Parliament|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=June 4, 2018|work=CTV News|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|website=}}
20. ^{{cite web |title=Motions Respecting Senate Amendments to Bills |publisher=Parliament of Canada |url=http://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/house/sitting-316/order-notice/page-13 |date=June 18, 2018}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4285946/marijuana-legal-date-october-17-canada-trudeau-confirms/|title=Marijuana to be legal in Canada starting October 17, Trudeau confirms|last=Scott|first=Monique|date=June 20, 2018|work=Global News|access-date=}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/20/health/canada-legalizes-marijuana/index.html|title=Canada becomes second nation in the world to legalize marijuana|last=Sapra|first=Bani|date=June 20, 2018|work=CNN|access-date=}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/news/2018/06/backgrounder-the-cannabis-act-the-facts.html |title=The Cannabis Act: The Facts |date=20 June 2018 |website=Health Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=27 October 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=https://potbyprovince.ca/ |title=Canada's Approach to Legalization and Regulation by Province|date=17 October 2018 |website=Pot By Province |access-date=28 October 2018}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4559085/marijuana-legalization-canada-midnight/ |title=Marijuana is legal everywhere across Canada now |date=17 October 2018 |website=Inside Halton |publisher=Metroland News |access-date=27 October 2018}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/marijuana-faq-legalization-need-to-know-1.4862207 |title=Cannabis is legal in Canada — here's what you need to know |date=17 October 2018 |website=CBC News |publisher=CBC |access-date=27 October 2018}}
27. ^1 {{citation|title=Liberals want to move up pot legalization to avoid Canada Day celebrations: Legalization target of July 1, 2018 will be changed to 'on or before July 1, 2018'|author=David Cochrane|publisher=CBC News |date=April 8, 2017|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/legal-marijuana-date-canada-day-1.4060783}}
28. ^1 {{citation|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/marijuana-legalization-plan-to-be-released-thursday-1.4061517|title=It could be legal to carry up to 30 grams of marijuana under bill to be tabled Thursday: Highly anticipated pot plans will be made public on Thursday|author=Catherine Cullen|publisher=CBC|date=April 10, 2017}}
29. ^1 {{citation|title=Marijuana legalization gets off the pot in Canada: Legislation to come Thursday|author=Joel Connelly|date=April 11, 2017|newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|via=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/local/politics/article/Marijuana-legalization-gets-off-the-pot-in-11063339.php}}
30. ^1 {{citation|title=Canada is introducing marijuana legislation on Thursday which could lead to legalization by July 2018|author=Janice Williams|work=Newsweek|date=April 10, 2017|url=http://www.newsweek.com/canada-marijuana-laws-legalization-justin-trudeau-581971}}
31. ^1 {{citation|title=Canada set to legalize recreational marijuana|location=Germany|language=English|author=Jillian Kestler-D'Amours|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=April 12, 2017|url=http://www.dw.com/en/canada-set-to-legalize-recreational-marijuana/a-38399494}}
32. ^1 {{citation|title=Liberals table bills to legalize pot, clamp down on impaired driving|author=Kathleen Harris|publisher=CBC News |date=April 13, 2017|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/marijuana-legal-bill-1.4069178}}
33. ^1 {{citation|title=Trudeau Unveils Bill Legalizing Recreational Marijuana in Canada|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Ian Austen|date=April 13, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/13/world/canada/trudeau-marijuana.html}}
34. ^1 2 {{citation|title=Digging into the details of Canada's new law legalizing marijuana nationwide|date=April 14, 2017|author=Christopher Ingraham|newspaper=The Washington Post|via= Denver Post{{'}}s The Cannabist|url=http://www.thecannabist.co/2017/04/14/canada-marijuana-legalization-legislation/77314/}}
35. ^1 {{citation|date=April 12, 2017|quote=In their madness to table reefer legislation, the Trudeau Liberals had to jump the gun on 4/20.|work=Canoe.com|url=http://m.en.canoe.com/CNEWS/Canada/2017/04/12/22717410.html|title=Rushed pot law could have organized crime lighting up}}
[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
}}

External links

  • [https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3565207-Cannabis-Act.html Text of bill]
  • Bill C-45 information at Parliament of Canada
  • {{Youtube|iL-tKPdzo1g|Fully legal Cannabis comes to Canada Q&A}} (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, June 20, 2018)
{{Cannabis in Canada}}{{National cannabis legalization}}

5 : 2018 cannabis law reform|42nd Canadian Parliament|Canadian federal legislation|Cannabis law reform in Canada|2018 in Canadian law
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