| 词条 | Cannabis in Germany |
| 释义 |
Cannabis in Germany is legal for certain limited medical contexts, but illegal for recreational usage, though possession of minor amounts is not always prosecuted. Medical cannabisDronabinol was rescheduled in 1994 from annex I to annex II of the Narcotics Law (Betäubungsmittelgesetz) in order to ease research; in 1998 dronabinol was rescheduled from annex II to annex III and since then has been available by prescription.[1] whereas Δ9-THC is still listed in annex I.[2] Manufacturing instructions for dronabinol containing compendial formulations are described in the Neues Rezeptur-Formularium.[3]Although Δ9-THC is still listed in annex I,[4] in a few cases, patients have been able to obtain from the federal drug authority a special permit to import natural cannabis through a pharmacy. Manufacturing instructions for dronabinol containing compendial formulations are described in the Neues Rezeptur-Formularium.[3] In February 2008, seven German patients were legally being treated with medicinal cannabis, distributed by prescription in pharmacies.[5] On May 4, 2016 the Cabinet of Germany approved legislation allowing the use of cannabis for seriously ill patients who have consulted with a doctor and "have no therapeutic alternative". German Health Minister, Hermann Gröhe, presented the legal draft on the legalization of medical cannabis to the cabinet which took effect on March 10, 2017. Licenses will be given by "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices" to companies for growing medical cannabis.[6][7][8][9][10] As of March 2017, the seriously ill can obtain cannabis with a doctor's prescription, paid for by health insurance.[11] EnforcementThe German narcotics law (Betäubungsmittelgesetz) states that authorities are not required to prosecute for the possession of a "minor amount" of any narcotic drug meant for personal consumption, except in cases "of public interest", i.e. consumption in public, in front of minors or within a public school or a state prison.[12] The definition of "minor amount" varies, from up to 6 grams of cannabis in most states to 15 grams in Berlin.[13] Under German law, the consumption itself of narcotics is not illegal: legally speaking, it is considered as non-punishable self harm. Legal commentaries recognise that it is possible to consume drugs without having bought them first, in a legal sense. This has the practical effect that a positive drug test does not necessarily mean that one has illegally purchased them.[14] Despite the fact that there is no punishment de jure, consumers can be assessed psychological (MPU) for their driving suitability. Loss of drivers licence is not uncommon, followed by a regime of drug screenings to prove the suitability. Hemp ParadeThe Hanfparade ({{lang-en|Hemp Parade}}) is a hemp legalization demonstration in Berlin. It has taken place each year in August since 1997. Global Marijuana MarchThe Global Marijuana March has taken place in Germany since 2011 and gets coordinated by the Deutscher Hanfverband (German Hemp Association).[15] Hemp MuseumThe Hanfmuseum was established in Berlin in 1994. Hemp foodNon-psychoactive foods made with hemp seeds (less than 0.2% THC) are very common in German health food shops such as Reformhaus. References1. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/002204260203200218 |title=The Medical use of Cannabis in Germany |year=2002 |last1=Grotenhermen |first1=F. |journal=Journal of Drug Issues |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=607}} {{Cannabis in Germany}}{{Cannabis by country}}{{portalbar|Cannabis|Germany}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/bundesrecht/btmg_1981/gesamt.pdf|title=Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz – BtMG)|date=19 January 2009|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz|accessdate=30 July 2009|format=PDF|language=de}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last=ABDA – Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbände |date=21 April 2008 |title=Rezepturhinweise: Dronabinol- und Cannabis-Zubereitungen |journal=Pharmazeutische Zeitung |publisher=Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag GmbH |location=Eschborn |language=german |url=http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/fileadmin/nrf/PDF/1-Dronabinol.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-07-30}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/bundesrecht/btmg_1981/gesamt.pdf |title=Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz – BtMG) |date=19 January 2009 |publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz |language=german |accessdate=2009-07-30 |format=PDF}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cannabis-med.org/english/bulletin/ww_en_db_cannabis_artikel.php?id=289 |title=Germany: First Patients to Receive cannabis from the pharmacy |work=IACM-Bulletin |date=15 February 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Berlinger|first1=Joshua|title=Germany to legalize medicinal marijuana by 2017|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/04/europe/germany-medicinal-marijuana/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2 December 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Germany to legalise cannabis for medicinal purposes|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/03/germany-to-legalise-cannabis-for-medicinal-purposes/|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=2 December 2016|date=3 May 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Kade|first1=Claudia|title=Ab 2017 gibt es Cannabis auf Kassenrezept|url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article154992002/Ab-2017-gibt-es-Cannabis-auf-Kassenrezept.html|publisher=Die Welt|accessdate=2 December 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Cannabis als Medizin|url=https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/ministerium/meldungen/2016/cannabisarzneimittel-kabinett.html|publisher=Bundesministerium für Gesundheit|accessdate=2 December 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Cannabis auf Kassenkosten|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/kabinett-cannabis-101.html|publisher=Tagesschau|accessdate=2 December 2016}} 11. ^https://www.thelocal.de/20170303/doctors-rejoice-as-germany-kicks-off-medical-marijuana-prescriptions 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu//html.cfm//index5173EN.html?pluginMethod=eldd.showlegaltextdetail&id=677&lang=en&T=2|title=EMCDDA - Legal text search|work=europa.eu}} 13. ^{{cite news |last1=Schuster |first1=Kathleen |title=5 facts about cannabis laws in Germany |url=https://www.dw.com/en/5-facts-about-cannabis-laws-in-germany/a-42709969 |accessdate=31 July 2018 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=10 March 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Legal Status of Cannabis in Germany – an Overview |url=https://sensiseeds.com/en/blog/legal-status-cannabis-germany/ |website=Sensi Seeds |accessdate=31 July 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Übersichtsseite: Global Marijuana March|url=https://hanfverband.de/nachrichten/news/uebersichtsseite-global-marijuana-march|publisher=Deutscher Hanfverband|language=german|accessdate=}} 1 : Cannabis in Germany |
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