| 词条 | William Gott |
| 释义 |
|name=William Gott |image=Brigadier W H E Gott.jpg |image_size=200px |caption= |birth_date={{birth date|1897|08|13|df=yes}} |death_date={{Death date and age|1942|08|07|1897|08|13|df=yes}} |birth_place=Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England |death_place=Egypt |placeofburial=Alamein Memorial, El Alamein, Egypt |nickname="Strafer" |allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |serviceyears=1915–1942 |rank=Lieutenant-General |servicenumber=1798 |unit=King's Royal Rifle Corps |commands=1st Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps 7th Support Group 2nd Support Group 7th Armoured Division XIII Corps |battles=World War I World War II |awards=Companion of the Order of the Bath Commander of the Order of the British Empire[1] Distinguished Service Order & Bar[2][3] Military Cross[4] |relations= |laterwork= }} Lieutenant-General William Henry Ewart Gott, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CB|CBE|DSO}} & Bar, MC (13 August 1897 – 7 August 1942), nicknamed "Strafer", was a senior British Army officer who fought during both World War I and World War II, reaching the rank of lieutenant-general while serving with the British Eighth Army. In August 1942 he was appointed as successor to General Claude Auchinleck as commander of the Eighth Army. On the way to take up his command he was killed when his plane was shot down. His death led to the appointment of Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery in his place. Military careerEducated at Harrow School, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) in 1915, and served with distinction with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France during World War I. His nickname "Strafer" was a pun on the German war slogan Gott strafe England (God punish England). He was promoted to the rank of captain in January 1921,[5] and attended Staff College, Camberley from January 1931.[6] He was promoted major in July 1934,[7] having been made a brevet major earlier in January.[8] His service during the interwar period included a posting as adjutant to a territorial battalion,[9][10] and a period of postings in India as a general staff officer (GSO2)[11] and Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General.[12] North African campaignsHaving been promoted lieutenant colonel in October 1938[13] to command the 1st Battalion, KRRC on its transfer from Burma to Egypt to become part of the Mobile Division (later to become 7th Armoured Division, the "Desert Rats"),[14] Gott held a succession of posts in the division; he was successively chief staff officer of the division (General Staff Officer, Grade I, ranked lieutenant colonel) commander of the Support Group as acting brigadier, and General Officer Commanding acting major-general[15] of the 7th Armoured Division. While under Gott's command the Support Group performed well from the beginning of the campaign; skirmishing along the frontier from June 1940; conducting a planned withdrawal in September during the Italian invasion of Egypt, and during Operation Compass in December which saw the conquest of Cyrenaica and the destruction of the Italian Tenth Army the following February. Following the arrival of the German Afrika Korps, under the command of Erwin Rommel, the Axis counter-attack in April, 7th Support Group, which had been refitting in the Delta, was called upon to stabilize the front and to reform the retreating forces, which was achieved at the Libyan-Egyptian border. In May Gott was placed in command of a mixed force to plan and conduct the ambitious Operation Brevity, which succeeded in re-taking the Halfaya Pass, but failed in its wider objectives. A subsequent larger scale operation, Operation Battleaxe, in which the Support Group also took part was also a failure and led to a reorganisation of the commands in the Western Desert which included Gott's promotion to command the 7th Armoured Division.[16] During the next major Commonwealth offensive, Operation Crusader, in November 1941, 7th Armoured Division was severely mauled by the Afrika Korps at the battle of Sidi Rezegh, but kept the field and contributed to the British Eighth Army's ultimate success.[17] Gott's permanent rank had been made up to full colonel in October 1941[18] and he was promoted to acting lieutenant-general and given command of XIII Corps in early 1942.[19] During the Battle of Gazala, 8th Army's performance was fatally handicapped by a breakdown in relations at all levels; within XIII Corps during this period Gott's relationship with his subordinate Dan Pienaar, the commander of 1st South African Division, was toxic even by the abysmal standards of the time. Of XIII Corps performance in the action, the stand by 150th Brigade, and the breakout by 50th Division are notable, while the low point was the loss of Tobruk with its entire garrison during the withdrawal to Egypt. XIII Corps was able to withdraw in good order to the Alamein position and was instrumental in fighting the Axis to a standstill there in the First Battle of El Alamein. DeathIn August 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill removed General Sir Claude Auchinleck as Commander-in-Chief Middle East and acting General Officer Commanding Eighth Army. Gott's aggressive, somewhat impetuous, personality appealed to Churchill, and he was strongly recommended by Anthony Eden, who had served with Gott during the Great War. Gott was therefore chosen to take over Eighth Army. This was despite the reservations of Auchinleck and General Sir Alan Brooke,[20] the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). Brooke knew Gott very well and had a high opinion of his abilities.[21] However, a number of factors, including a personal interview with Gott on 5 August (during which Gott had revealed that he had "...tried most of his ideas on the Boche. We want someone with new ideas and plenty of confidence in them."[22]), led Brooke to conclude that Gott was tired and had temporarily lost his drive, having been in the desert since the start of the war.[23] He also felt that Gott needed more experience before taking an army command.[22] Before he could take up his post, Gott was killed when the transport plane he was traveling in was shot down and destroyed while returning to Cairo from the battle area.[24][25] The aircraft, a Bristol Bombay of No. 216 Squadron RAF flown by 19-year-old Flight Sergeant Hugh "Jimmy" James, was intercepted and shot down by Unteroffizier Bernd Schneider and Emil Clade of Jagdgeschwader 27 (Fighter Wing 27). With both engines out, the pilot had made a successful crash landing, but two German Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters attacked the crashed plane, strafing it until the Bombay was totally wrecked. Those who were unable to escape from the downed Bombay (including Gott) were killed. Gott's body was buried at the El Alamein War Cemetery. His replacement was Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, who had been Brooke's preferred choice. The Burg el Arab-Heliopolios route was "considered so safe that no escort had been found necessary for Winston (Churchill) when we flew out" but an individual German plane driven out of high altitude combat came across the slow transport plane. [26] AssessmentA big man with an aggressive, outgoing personality, he was popular with soldiers under his command, but as a senior commander he was considered by some to be out of his depth.[27] John Bierman and Colin Smith say that Gott was much admired for his personal qualities, but lacked real military skill. He was one of the few senior officers who was "well known and well liked by the rank and file". However, "a cold appraisal of his soldiering in North Africa reveals no stunning display of tactics or Rommel-esque grip that bends scarred and exhausted men to the will of the born leader."[28] Field Marshal Sir Michael Carver, one of Gott's officers, took a similar view. He stated that Gott was the one person to whom "all, high and low, turned for advice, sympathy, help and encouragement", but he also believed that Gott was "too good a man to be a really great soldier".[28] Gott's own view, as expressed to Alan Brooke was that he was the wrong man for the task, [29] though he was soldier enough to take it on if ordered to.[30] Churchill himself seems to have accepted that he made a mistake in appointing Gott instead of Montgomery, after seeing how Montgomery had revitalised the Eighth Army.[31] His medals were presented to the RGJ (Rifles) Museum by his daughters in 2012. References
1. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35209|date=4 July 1941|page=3881|supp=y}} 2. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35120|date=28 March 1941|page=1868|supp=y}} 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35396|date=26 December 1941|page=7332|supp=y}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=31759|date=30 January 1920|page=1219|supp=y}} 5. ^{{London Gazette| issue=32293| date=15 April 1921|page=3065| supp=y}} 6. ^{{London Gazette| issue=33572| date=21 January 1930|page=428}} 7. ^{{London Gazette| issue=34071| date=20 July 1934|page=4666}} 8. ^{{London Gazette| issue=34011| date=2 January 1934|page=55}} 9. ^{{London Gazette| issue=33092| date=13 October 1925|page=6615}} 10. ^{{London Gazette| issue=33091| date=9 October 1925|page=6507}} 11. ^{{London Gazette| issue=34273| date=10 April 1936|page=2386}} 12. ^{{London Gazette| issue=34273| date=10 April 1936|page=2387}} 13. ^{{London Gazette| issue=34566| date=1 November 1938|page=6816}} 14. ^Mead, p. 176. 15. ^{{London Gazette| issue=35298| date=3 October 1941|page=5775| supp=y}} 16. ^Mead, p. 177. 17. ^Mead, p.178. 18. ^{{London Gazette| issue=35360| date=28 November 1941|page=6826| supp=y}} 19. ^{{London Gazette| issue=35462| date=17 February 1942|page=833| supp=y}} 20. ^Alanbrooke, p. 294. 21. ^Alanbrooke, p. 290. 22. ^1 Alanbrooke, p. 292. 23. ^Alanbrooke, pp. 290 & 292. 24. ^"War Without Hate" by Colin Smith synopsis 25. ^{{cite book| first=John| last=Weal| title=Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika'| url=http://www.clubhyper.com/reference/jg27bookextractjw_1.htm| publisher=Osprey Publishing| series=Aviation Elite Units Series| year=2003| isbn=978-1-84176-538-9}} Follow the link and search the extract for "Gott" 26. ^Alanbrooke, p. 295. 27. ^Pitt, B Crucible of War: Year of Alamein 1942 p122 (1982) Rowland {{ISBN|0-224-01827-2}} 28. ^1 John Bierman and Colin Smith, Alamein: War Without Hate, Penguin UK, 29 Mar 2012. 29. ^Alanbrooke, p. 292. 30. ^Pitt p181 31. ^David Fraser, Alanbrooke, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011, ebook.
Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|William Gott}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Reade Godwin-Austen}}{{s-ttl|title=GOC XIII Corps|years=February–August 1942}}{{s-aft|after=Brian Horrocks}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gott, William}} 18 : 1897 births|1942 deaths|British Army generals of World War II|British Army personnel of World War I|British military personnel killed in World War II|British World War I prisoners of war|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Companions of the Order of the Bath|Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley|King's Royal Rifle Corps officers|People educated at Harrow School|People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Recipients of the Military Cross|Victims of aircraft shootdowns|Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Egypt|World War I prisoners of war held by Germany |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。