| 词条 | William Harvey Carney |
| 释义 |
|name= William Harvey Carney |birth_date= {{Birth date|1840|2|29}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1908|12|9|1840|2|29}} |birth_place= Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. |death_place= New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S. |placeofburial= Oak Grove Cemetery, New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S. |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |image= William Harvey Carney c1864.jpg |caption= |nickname= |allegiance= United States (Union) |branch= U.S. Army (Union Army) |serviceyears=1863–1864 |rank=Sergeant |commands= |unit= 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry |battles= American Civil War Second Battle of Fort Wagner |awards= Medal of Honor |laterwork= }} William Harvey Carney (February 29, 1840 – December 9, 1908) was an African American soldier during the American Civil War. Born as a slave, he was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1900 for his gallantry in saving the regimental colors (American Flag) during the Battle of Fort Wagner in 1863. Because his actions preceded those of other medal honorees, he is considered to be the first African American to be granted the Medal of Honor. BiographyWilliam Harvey Carney was born as a slave in Norfolk, Virginia, on February 29, 1840.[1] How he made his way to freedom is not certain. According to most accounts, he escaped through the Underground Railroad, and joined his father in Massachusetts. Other members of their family were freed by purchase or by the death of their master.[1][3] Carney joined the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in March 1863[1] as a sergeant. He took part in the July 18, 1863, assault on Fort Wagner in Charleston, South Carolina.[2] His actions there ultimately earned him the Medal of Honor. When the color guard was killed, Carney retrieved the U.S. flag and marched forward with it, despite multiple serious wounds.[1][3] When the Union troops were forced to retreat under fire, he struggled back across the battlefield, eventually returning to his own lines and turning over the colors to another survivor of the 54th, saying, "Boys, I only did my duty; the old flag never touched the ground!"[4] He received an honorable discharge due to disability from his wounds in June 1864.[1][5] Post-warAfter his discharge, Carney returned to New Bedford, Massachusetts, and took a job maintaining the city's streetlights. He then delivered mail for thirty-two years.[6][2] He was a founding vice president of the New Bedford Branch 18 of the National Association of Letter Carriers in 1890.[6] He married Susannah Williams, and they had a daughter, Clara Heronia.[2] He spent a few years in California, then returned again in 1869. Carney received his Medal of Honor on May 23, 1900, nearly 37 years after the events at Fort Wagner (more than half such awards from the Civil War were presented 20 or more years after the fact).[4] Twenty African American men had received the medal before him, but because his battle actions happened earlier than the others, he is generally considered the first.[1][4][7] His citation reads,
Carney died at the Boston City Hospital on December 9, 1908, of complications from an elevator accident at the Massachusetts State House where he worked for the Department of State. His body lay in state for one day at the undertaking rooms of Walden Banks 142 Lenox Street at the wish of his wife and daughter. He was buried in the family plot at Oak Grove Cemetery in New Bedford, Massachusetts.[9] Engraved on his tombstone is an image of the Medal of Honor.[9] Other honorsCarney's face is shown on the monument to Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th on the Boston Common designed by Augustus Saint Gaudens.[4] A New Bedford, Massachusetts, elementary school was named in his honor,[1] and his New Bedford home at 128 Mill Street is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[10] In 2015, Carney was honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Strong Men & Women in Virginia History" because of his actions during the Civil War.[11] See also{{Portal|Biography|American Civil War|United States Army}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal|title=William H. Carney|journal=Contemporary Black Biography|volume=104|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1606005738&source=Bookmark&u=wash84213&jsid=1b02c9e36bab1113d816f74b1e3cfd8f|accessdate=1 March 2015|publisher=Gale|location=Detroit|date=8 March 2013}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=William H. Carney|journal=Notable Black American Men, Book II|accessdate=1 March 2015|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1622000067&source=Bookmark&u=wash84213&jsid=5dfe8609fe906d6b5f2cb761cd10e448|publisher=Gale|date=12 October 1998}} 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Marshall Jr.|first1=Tyrone C.|title=First African-American Medal of Honor Recipient Safeguarded Flag|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA319553100&source=Bookmark&u=wash84213&jsid=2e3c8f942bf7bf45794042b901c2a567|accessdate=1 March 2015|agency=State News Service|date=19 February 2013}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | url = http://www.caagri.org/carney.html | title = William Harvey Carney (1840 - 1908) | accessdate = 1 March 2015 | last = Carney | first = William Harvey | publisher = The Center for African American Genealogical Research, Inc.}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Massachusetts soldiers, sailors, and marines in the civil war.|date=1931|publisher=Norwood Press|location=Norwood, MA|page=670|url=https://archive.org/stream/massachusettssol41931mass#page/670/mode/2up|accessdate=1 March 2015}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Rubio|first1=Philip|title=There's Always Work at the Post Office: African American Postal Workers and the Fight for Jobs, Justice, and Equality|date=May 15, 2010|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=0807895733|pages=16-18}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Henig|first1=Gerald S.|title=Glory at Battery Wagner: William H. Carney became the First Black Soldier to earn the Medal of Honor|journal=Civil War Times|date=June 2009|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/AcademicJournalsDetailsPage/AcademicJournalsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Journals&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CA213079650&source=Bookmark&u=wash84213&jsid=31f065d66ed11b3a3a2e682e458c3c37|accessdate=1 March 2015}} 8. ^{{Cite web |accessdate=1 March 2015 |url = http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/civwaral.html |title = Medal of Honor recipients |work = American Civil War (A-L) |publisher =United States Army Center of Military History |date = July 16, 2007}} 9. ^1 {{Find a Grave|6826582|work=Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients|accessdate=1 March 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Carney, Sgt. William H. House|url=http://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=NBE.381|website=Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System|publisher=Massachusetts Historical Commission|accessdate=16 March 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Strong Men & Women in Virginia History: William Harvey Carney (February 29, 1840–December 9, 1908)|url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/smw/2015/honoree.htm?bio=carney|publisher=Library of Virginia|accessdate=2 March 2015}} External links{{commons category|William Harvey Carney}}
|accessdate=February 24, 2010 |url=http://www.cmohs.org/recipients/featured_June_2000.htm |title=Congressional Medal of Honor Society: William Harvey Carney |publisher=Congressional Medal of Honor Society |date=}}
|accessdate=February 24, 2010 |url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/flag/1bfa_hist5carney.html |title=Sergeant Carney's Flag: The True Story of the First Black Medal of Honor recipient |publisher=Home of Heroes |date=}}
|accessdate=May 23, 2017 |url=http://thewayiheardit.rsvmedia.com/episode-57-but-whos-counting |title=Listen to Episode 57: But Who's Counting |publisher=The Way I Heard It with Mike Rowe |date=}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Carney, William Harvey}} 10 : 1840 births|1908 deaths|African Americans in the Civil War|American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor|American slaves|People from New Bedford, Massachusetts|Military personnel from Norfolk, Virginia|People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War|Union Army soldiers|United States Army Medal of Honor recipients |
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