| 词条 | William Henry (chemist) |
| 释义 |
|name = William Henry |image = William Henry.jpg |birth_date = 12 December 1774 |birth_place = Manchester, England |death_date = {{d-da|2 September 1836|12 December 1774}} |death_place = Pendlebury, England |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = English |ethnicity = |field = chemistry physician |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Henry's law |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Copley Medal (1808) |religion = }} William Henry (12 December 1774 – 2 September 1836) was an English chemist. He was the son of Thomas Henry and was born in Manchester England.[1][2] He developed what is known today as Henry's Law. LifeWilliam Henry was apprenticed to Thomas Percival and later worked with John Ferriar & John Huit at the Manchesters Infirmary. He began to study medicine at Edinburgh in 1795, taking his medical in 1807, but ill-health[3] interrupted his practice as a physician, and he devoted his time mainly to chemical research, especially with regard to gases. One of his best-known papers (published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1803) describes experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures.[4] His results are known today as Henry's law. His other papers deal with gas-analysis, fire-damp, illuminating gas, the composition of hydrochloric acid and of ammonia, urinary and other morbid concretions, and the disinfecting powers of heat. His Elements of Experimental Chemistry (1799) enjoyed considerable vogue in its day,[5] going through eleven editions in 30 years. He was one of the founders of the Mechanics' Institute that was to become the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in February 1809, having been awarded their prestigious Copley Medal in 1808.[6] He shot himself in his private chapel at Pendlebury, near Manchester, in 1836.[1] References
1. ^1 {{cite web|first=Frank|last=Greenaway|title=Henry, William (1774–1836)|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12981|accessdate=2011-07-18|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12981}} {{ODNBsub}} 2. ^The Book of Manchester and Salford; for the British Medical Association. Manchester: George Falkner & Sons, 1929; pp. 34-35 3. ^An injury in childhood caused him intermittent pain throughout his life. 4. ^{{cite journal|first=William|last=Henry|title=Experiments on the Quantity of Gases Absorbed by Water, at Different Temperatures, and under Different Pressures|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society|location=London|date=1 January 1803|volume=93|pages=29–274|doi=10.1098/rstl.1803.0004}} 5. ^Henry's manual on chemistry and Parkes's manual on chemistry are mentioned by Charles Darwin as books that he studied before attending Cambridge. {{cite book|author=Darwin, Charles|title=The life and letters of Charles Darwin|publisher=D. Appleton|year=1901|volume=vol. 1|page=32|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hw2nmd;view=1up;seq=50}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=22&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27henry%27%29|title=Library and Archive Catalogue|publisher=Royal Society|accessdate=18 November 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7yYmCLr?url=http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=22&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27henry%27%29|archivedate=3 October 2012|df=dmy-all}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|William Henry (chemist)}}{{Wikisource1911Enc|Henry, William}}
9 : 1774 births|1836 deaths|People from Manchester|English chemists|Recipients of the Copley Medal|18th-century English people|19th-century English people|Fellows of the Royal Society|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh |
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