|synonyms={{Species list
|Locusta fuliginosus|Thomas, 1872
}}
}}Capnobotes fuliginosus is a species of katydid known as the sooty longwing.[1] It is found in the western United States and Mexico.[[2][3] It is omnivorous and it is the prey of the wasp Palmodes praestans.]
The sooty longwing was first formally described in 1872 by Cyrus Thomas as Locusta fuliginosus.[[7]]
Description
The species is up to {{cvt|75|mm}} long to its wingtips, brownish gray, has long wings, has a shield back, and its hindwings are darker than its forewings.[4][9] The katydids show their dark hindwings when they are startled.[5] The species' song is loud, continuous, and shrill.[4] It is an omnivore that is known to feed on the nymphs and adults of the grasshopper Bootettix argentatus on foliage during the summer.[4][6]
Habitat and range
The species can be found in central Nevada, Utah, southern California, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado.[5][15] They are found in the deserts of California.[4] The species was first found at the Dinosaur National Monument in 1952, according to a 1952 study by Entomological News in which three adults were discovered.[7] They are highly active on hot nights.[4]
Predators
Nematodes use the species as a host.[8] The wasp Palmodes praestans preys on the species, even though the wasp is smaller.[9] In a 1919 publication from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, it was noted that the species is prey for the wasp despite its "large size" and "formidable nature".[10] In a 2005 study about the mating system of the wasp by the Journal of Natural History, a specimen of the wasp was recorded as having dragged the katydid's instar into its burrow. It was mentioned in the 2005 study because the only report up to that time on the wasp was of it feeding on the katydid.[11]References
1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://eol.org/pages/859421/overview |website= Encyclopedia of Life|title=Sooty Longwing |accessdate=12 January 2019}}
2. ^{{Cite web | url =https://bugguide.net/node/view/41584 |website=bugguide.net|title=Species Capnobotes fuliginosus – Sooty Longwing|accessdate=12 January 2019}}
3. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=657972#null|website= Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)|accessdate=12 January 2019 |title=Capnobotes fuliginosus (Thomas, 1872)}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author1=Jerry A. Powell|author2=Charles L. Hogue|title=California Insects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0yqcmAigRskC&pg=PA69|date=September 1980|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-03782-3|page=69}}
5. ^1 {{cite book |last1=R. Eaton |first1=Eric |last2=Kaufman |first2=Kenn |date=2007 |title=Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWVi0IF_jcQC&pg=PA78&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |page=78 |isbn=9780618153107}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.redalyc.org/html/575/57520120/index.html |title=Records Of Predators And Parasites (Vertebrates And Invertebrates) Of Creosote Bush Grasshopper Bootettix Argentatus Bruner, 1889 (Orthoptera: Acridadae: Gomphocerinae) From The Bolson De Mapimi, DGO. (Chihuahuan Desert), Mexico |last=Rivera Garcia |first=Eduardo |date=2004 |website=Redalyc |access-date=20 December 2018}}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://ghopclimate.colorado.edu/initial_survey/1952Alex-Rod-2SpecGtBasinOrthop.pdf |title= Two Species of Great Basin Orthoptera New to Colorado |last1=Alexander |first1=Gordon |last2=G. Rodeck |first2=Hugo |date=November 1952 |website=University of Colorado |publisher=Entomological News |access-date=20 December 2018}}
8. ^{{cite journal |title=Hairworm and Nematode Infections of North American Jerusalem Crickets, Field Crickets, and Katydids (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae, Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae) |journal = Journal of Orthoptera Research|volume = 13|issue = 1|pages = 143–147|last1=Poinar, Jr. |first1=George |last2=B. Weissman |first2=David |date=2004 |publisher=Orthopterists' Society |jstor = 3503712|doi = 10.1665/1082-6467(2004)013[0143:HANION]2.0.CO;2}}
9. ^{{cite book|title=Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7ZMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA150|year=1919|publisher=Washington Academy of Sciences|page=150}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://smithsoniancerambycidae.com/PDF/Fisher_1919.pdf |title=Palmodes praestans and its prey (Orth.) |last=Caudell |first=A. N. |date=26 February 1919 |website=Smithsonian |publisher=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |access-date=20 December 2018}}
11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~atrlr/rutowski_lab_archive/pdfs/Alcock,%20J%20and%20Kemp,%20DJ%20(2005).pdf |title=The scramble competition mating system of the sphecid wasp Palmodes praestans (Kohl) |last1=Alcock |first1=John |last2=J. Kemp |first2=Darrell |date=21 March 2005 |website=Arizona State University |access-date=20 December 2018}}
12. ^1 {{cite book |editor-last1=Hayden |editor-first1=F. V. (Ferdinand Vandeveer) |chapter=Notes on the Saltatorial Orthoptera of the Rocky Mountain Regions |last=Thomas |first=Cyrus |title=Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana, and portions of adjacent territories; being a fifth annual report of progress |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/preliminaryrepor00geol/page/443 |page=443 |publisher=Washington : Govt. Print. Off. |accessdate=12 January 2019 |date=1872}}