| 词条 | William IV, Prince of Orange |
| 释义 |
| name = William IV | succession = Stadtholder of the United Provinces | reign = 4 May 1747 – 22 October 1751 | predecessor = William III | successor = William V | succession1 = Prince of Orange | predecessor1 = John William Friso | reign1 = 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751 | successor1 = William V | image = Willem Karel Hendrik Friso van Oranje-Nassau, attributed to Johann Valentin Tischbein.jpg | caption = Portrait of William IV (1751), attributed to Johann Valentin Tischbein | birth_date = 1 September 1711 | birth_place = Leeuwarden, Dutch Republic | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1751|10|22|1711|9|1}} | death_place = Huis ten Bosch, The Hague, Dutch Republic | burial_date = 4 February 1752 | burial_place = Nieuwe Kerk, Delft | education = | occupation = | spouse = Anne, Princess Royal | issue = Carolina, Princess of Nassau-Weilburg Princess Anna of Orange-Nassau William V, Prince of Orange | issue-link = #Marriage and children | issue-pipe = Details... | father = John William Friso, Prince of Orange | mother = Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel | house = Orange-Nassau }}William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange-Nassau and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces.[1] Early lifeWilliam was born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, the son of John William Friso, Prince of Orange, head of the Frisian branch of the House of Orange-Nassau, and of his wife Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). He was born six weeks after the death of his father. William succeeded his father as Stadtholder of Friesland and also, under the regency of his mother until 1731, as Stadtholder of Groningen. In 1722 he was elected Stadtholder of Guelders. The four other provinces of the Dutch Republic:, Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel had in 1702 decided not to appoint a stadtholder after the death of stadtholder William III, issuing the history of the Republic into a period that is known as the Second Stadtholderless Period. In 1747 those four provinces also accepted William as their stadtholder. Marriage and childrenIn 1720 William was named the 549th Knight of the Order of the Garter. On 25 March 1734 he married at St James's Palace Anne, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach. William and Anne had five children:
Later lifeIn 1739 William inherited the estates formerly owned by the Nassau-Dillenburg branch of his family, and in 1743 he inherited those formerly owned by the Nassau-Siegen branch of his family. In April 1747 the French army entered Flanders, threatening the Netherlands, which was weakened by internal division. The Dutch decided that their country needed a single strong executive, and turned to the House of Orange. William and his family moved from Leeuwarden to The Hague. On 4 May 1747, the States General of the Netherlands named William General Stadtholder of all seven of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and made the position hereditary for the first time. William first met Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1747, and two years later appointed him field marshal of the Dutch States Army, which later led to Louis Ernest serving as one of the regents for William's heir. William IV was considered an attractive, educated, and accomplished prince in his prime. Although he had little experience in state affairs, William was at first popular with the people. He stopped the practice of indirect taxation by which independent contractors managed to make large sums for themselves. Nevertheless, he was also a Director-General of the Dutch East India Company, and his alliance with the business class deepened while the disparity between rich and poor grew. William served as General Stadtholder of all the Netherlands until his death in 1751 at The Hague. The county of Orange, Virginia, and the city of Orangeburg, South Carolina, are named after him. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. William IV, Prince of Orange |2= 2. John William Friso, Prince of Orange |3= 3. Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel |4= 4. Henry Casimir II, Count of Nassau-Dietz |5= 5. Princess Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau |6= 6. Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel |7= 7. Princess Maria Amalia of Courland |8= 8. William Frederick, Count of Nassau-Dietz |9= 9. Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau |10= 10. John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau |11= 11. Princess Henriette Catherine of Nassau |12= 12. William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel |13= 13. Margravine Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg |14= 14. Jacob, Duke of Courland |15= 15. Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg |16= 16. Ernst Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz |17= 17. Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg |18= 18. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange |19= 19. Amalia of Solms-Braunfels |20= 20. John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau |21= 21. Agnes of Hesse-Kassel |22= 22. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (=18) |23= 23. Amalia of Solms-Braunfels (=19) |24= 24. William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel |25= 25. Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg |26= 26. George William, Elector of Brandenburg |27= 27. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate |28= 28. Wilhelm Kettler, Duke of Courland |29= 29. Duchess Sophie of Prussia |30= 30. George William, Elector of Brandenburg (=26) |31= 31. Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (=27) }} Notes1. ^{{cite book|author1=Suzanna van Dijk|author2=Jo Nesbitt|title=I Have Heard about You: Foreign Women's Writing Crossing the Dutch Border : from Sappho to Selma Lagerlöf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjw2CNUIiQkC&pg=PA168|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=90-6550-752-3|page=168}} External links
Baron of Breda|years=1711–1751}}{{S-aft|after=William V|rows=4}}{{S-bef|before=Francis Alexander}}{{S-ttl|title=Prince of Nassau-Hadamar|years=1739–1751}}{{S-bef|before=Christian}}{{S-ttl|title=Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg|years=1739–1751}}{{S-bef|before=Frederick William II}}{{S-ttl|title=Prince of Nassau-Siegen|years=1743–1751}}{{s-break}}{{S-off}}{{s-break}}{{S-bef|rows=1|before=John William Friso}}{{S-ttl|title=Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen|years=1711–1747}}{{s-non|rows=3|reason=Titles obsolete merger of all stadtholderships}}{{s-break}}{{S-vac|last=William III|rows=2}}{{S-ttl|title=Stadtholder of Guelders|years=1722–1747}}{{s-break}}{{S-ttl|title=Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Overijssel|years=1747}}{{s-break}}{{S-new}}{{S-ttl|title=General Stadtholder of the United Provinces|years=1747–1751}}{{S-aft|rows=1|after=William V}}{{S-end}}{{GueldersStadtholders}}{{HollandZeelandUtrechtStadtholders}}{{FrieslandStadtholders}}{{GroningenStadtholders}}{{OverijsselStadtholders}}{{DrentheStadtholders}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:William 04 Orange Nassau}} 12 : 1711 births|1751 deaths|People of the Patriottentijd|Princes of Orange|Counts of Nassau|Dutch stadtholders|House of Orange-Nassau|Lords of Breda|Knights of the Garter|Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft|People from Leeuwarden|Modern child rulers |
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